Effects of short-wave UV and PUVA treatment on structure and phenotype of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells of the mouse epidermis.
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Animals↗
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Physical therapy and rehabilitation.
The literature on physical therapy and rehabilitation in osteoarthrosis of the hip and knee joint has been reviewed. The number of controlled clinical studies is rather limited and the clinical material is generally not clearly defined. It may be concluded, however, that the effect of short-wave, micro-wave and ultrasound on joint pain is not superior to that of sham treatment. Ice therapy and transcutaneous nerve stimulation appear to be of definite value, but the effect is transient. Controlled trials indicate that mobilization of joint and muscle contractures is facilitated by diathermy and ultrasound. Training of muscle function should include training of endurance and balance reaction. Technical aids and training of activities of daily living are an important part of the rehabilitation program, that has to be based on the functional problems experienced by the patient.
Bone Diseases↗
Magnitude and duration of UV-B-induced tolerance.
Using repeated minimal erythema dose (MED) testing, we investigated the magnitude and duration of tolerance to short-wave UV radiation in the B range (UV-B) in 37 patients with psoriasis who received at least 12 UV-B phototherapy treatments. Without substantial erythema developing, half of the patients received UV-B doses in excess of 13 times their pretreatment MED dose and a fourth received UV-B doses in excess of 28 times their pretreatment MED dose. On average, tolerance faded to about half that present at the last UV-B treatment in 3 weeks. Six weeks after therapy was stopped, most posttreatment MEDs were less than twice the pretreatment MED. The magnitude of tolerance achieved and the rate of decay did not vary with skin type. Our findings indicate that repeated exposures to suberythemal or mildly erythematous doses of UV-B can induce exceptional degrees of tolerance to UV-B radiation. The duration of this increase in tolerance is, however, short.
Adult↗
[Single preoperative radiation and short-wave treatment of breast cancer].
A total of 93 patients were assigned to receive either radiation treatment alone (group 1) or in combination with local microwave-induced hyperthermia (group 2) prior to mastectomy. The treatment results were compared. Within a two-year follow-up period, all patients of group 2 remained free of relapse, metastases being registered in 2 (6.2%) cases. In group 1, relapse was observed in 1 case, whereas metastasis--in 7 (11.5%). The study failed to establish drug-induced tumor pathomorphosis in 12.5% in group 2 and 73.8% in group 1. The procedure did not interfere with surgery, nor was it followed by an increased postoperative complication rate.
Adult↗
Effects of short-wave ultraviolet radiation (UV-C) on delayed hypersensitivity in the guinea-pig.
Guinea-pigs, previously sensitized to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), were exposed to varying doses of UV-C radiation (254 nm) on one of the flanks for a period of 15 days. They were then patch-tested with DNCB immediately after UV treatment. The responses to DNCB were diminished both in the irradiated and non-irradiated skin compared with control animals which had not received UV-C radiation. This effect was dose dependent and could only be demonstrated for a limited period of time. Guinea-pig exposed to UV-C radiation did not show a decreased response to sodium lauryl sulphate, which is a potent irritant. The influence of UV-C on delayed hypersensitivity therefore seems to be an immunological effect.
Animals↗
Exacerbation of a case of myasthenia gravis during therapeutic electric stimulation.
In patients with myasthenia gravis, vigorous exercise and electric stimulation produce weakness that is usually reversed by rest. We describe a case of persistent weakness in a 31-year-old woman with myasthenia gravis following therapeutic electric stimulation. She was injured in an automobile accident, with cervical and lumbar muscle strain diagnosed by a local emergency room physician. She consulted a chiropractor two days later because her symptoms had not abated. The chiropractic treatment of short-wave diathermy, high-voltage electric stimulation and spinal manipulation continued thrice weekly for six weeks. She then presented to her neurologist, complaining of persistent fatigue, weakness, increased diplopia, cervical and occipital pain, and disrupted sleep. Neck weakness had developed since her last visit. She was admitted to the hospital for evaluation. Neurologic exam showed no other abnormality of strength, sensation, or reflexes. The exacerbation of myasthenia responded to prednisone and increased pyridostigmine. After two months she required only her preinjury dose of pyridostigmine (60 mg q.d. p.r.n.) to prevent diplopia or fatigue, and her strength was normal. Repeated electrically induced muscle contraction is suspected of causing this exacerbation of myasthenia gravis.
Adult↗
Physiotherapy in osteoarthrosis of the knees. A controlled trial of hospital versus home exercises.
Patients with osteoarthrosis of the knee were taught two simple exercises to be practised daily with graduated weights, recording the details in an instruction/record book. Patients were randomly divided into those receiving treatment (and short-wave diathermy) at hospital (group A), and those doing their exercises at home (group B). Both groups showed decreased pain and increased function, maximum weight lift and endurance at the end of 4 weeks. There was no difference between the groups. Benefit was retained by most of those patients notified at 6 weeks of a further assessment session at 12 weeks; most of these subjects continued daily exercises, whereas those not notified in advance were more likely to cease exercising and experience more pain. The exercise regimens are easy to perform and document. It is suggested that if such regimens were routinely used there would be great practical benefits for patient and physiotherapist.
Aged↗
Reduction of radiofrequency exposure to the operator during short-wave diathermy treatments.
Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields near short-wave diathermy equipment operating at a frequency of 27.12 MHz can expose the physical therapist to levels above those recommended in standards for radiofrequency exposure in Western countries. Electric and magnetic fields around air-gap, diplode, monode and circuplode applicators were mapped by the author. Large differences in stray field intensities were found for the various applicators. The air-gap electrodes caused the highest levels of unwanted radiation, and the circuplode caused the lowest levels. The use of the circuplode would normally ensure an operator exposure far below the levels in recommended standards. In order to reduce the exposure during the first few minutes of a treatment, when air-gap electrodes or diplode are used, the operator should stand at the end of the diathermy console opposite to the applicator and cables and not, as is often the case, at one side. It is recommended that manufacturers change the design of the diathermy console (a minor modification) in order to ensure this operating position.
Diathermy↗
An evaluation of safety guidelines to restrict exposure to stray radiofrequency radiation from short-wave diathermy units.
Short-wave diathermy (SWD), a form of radiofrequency radiation used therapeutically by physiotherapists, may be applied in continuous (CSWD) or pulsed (PSWD) mode using either capacitive or inductive methods. Stray radiation emitted by these units may exceed exposure guidelines close to the equipment. Discrepant guidelines exist on a safe distance from an operating unit for operators and other personnel. Stray electric (E-field) and magnetic (H-field) field strengths from 10 SWD units in six departments were examined using a PMM 8053 meter and two isotropic probes (EP-330, HP-032). A 5 l saline phantom completed the patient circuit. Measurements were recorded in eight directions between 0.5 m and 2 m at hip and eye levels while the units operated at maximum output and data compared to current guidelines. Results found stray fields from capacitive CSWD fell below operator limits at 2 m (E-field 4.8-39.8 V/m; H-field 0.015-0.072 A/m) and at 1 m for inductive CSWD (E-field 0-36 V/m; H-field 0.01-0.065 A/m). Capacitive PSWD fields fell below the limits at 1.5 m (E-field 1.2-19.9 V/m; H-field 0.002-0.045 A/m) and at 1m for inductive PSWD (E-field 0.74.0 V/m; H-field 0.009-0.03 A/m). An extra 0.5 m was required before fields fell below the guidelines for other personnel. These results demonstrate, under a worst case scenario, emissions from SWD exceed the guidelines for operators at distances currently recommended as safe. Future guidelines should include recommendations for personnel other than physiotherapists.
Diathermy↗
[UV-radiation--sources, wavelength, environment].
The UV-radiation in our environment is part of the electromagnetic radiation, which emanates from the sun. It is designated as optical radiation and reaches from 290-4,000 nm on the earth's surface. According to international definitions UV irradiation is divided into short-wave UVC (200-280 nm), medium-wave UVB (280-320 nm), and long-wave UVA (320-400 nm). Solar radiation which reaches the surface of the globe at a defined geographical site and a defined time point is called global radiation. It is modified quantitatively and qualitatively while penetrating the atmosphere. Besides atmospheric conditions, like ozone layer and air pollution, geographic latitude, elevation, time of the season, time of the day, cloudiness and the influence of indirect radiation resulting from stray effects in the atmosphere and reflection from the underground play a role in modifying global radiation, which finally represents the biologically effective radiation. The radiation's distribution on the body surface varies according to sun angle and body posture. The cumulative UV exposure is mainly influenced by outdoor profession and recreational activities. The use of sun beds and phototherapeutic measures additionally may contribute to the cumulative UV dose.
Air Pollution↗
[Analysis of substances issuing from Zajdela ascitic hepatoma cells after exposure to UV radiation of different wave-lengths. I. Relationship to dose].
The release of substances from the Zaidela ascitic hepatoma cells after irradiation with physiological doses of short-wave (254 nm) and long-wave (300-380 nm) UV light (far and near UV light) has been studied spectrophotometrically. Within the range of 200-520 nm, the absorption spectra of releasing substances show maxima at 215 and 260 nm and are identical to spectra of non-irradiated cells. The amount of substances increases with dose making up, at the maximal alteration, 180-220%, of the amount releasing from non-irradiated cells. Irradiation with far UV light exceeds by one order that with near UV light. The effect of minimum doses is opposite to the action of high doses: the release of substances from irradiated cells is much less.
Animals↗
[Analysis of substances issuing from Zajdela ascitic hepatoma cells following exposure to UV radiation of different wavelength. II. Proton release].
The release of protein from the Zaidela ascitic hepatoma cells following irradiation with physiological doses of short-wave (254 nm) and long-wave (300--380 nm) UV light (far and near UV radiation) has been investigated. The amount of protein increases with dose making, upon the maximal radiation damage, 180 and 2 per cent of the protein against, resp., the protein amount releasing from non-treated cells and the total protein of the intact cell. The far UV light is by one order more efficient than the near UV light. Irradiation of cells with the former and the latter results in the release of high and low molecular proteins, resp. The near UV irradiation brings about heavier releasing of proteins than does the far UV light.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
Comparative clinical study of the effect of short-wave and long-wave diathermy on osteo-arthritis of the knee and hip.
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Diathermy↗