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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

A blinded, randomized comparison of a novel, low-dose, triple regimen with fleet phospho-soda: a study of colon cleanliness, speed and success of colonoscopy.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: A clean colon is essential for an efficient examination. The aim of this study was to compare a novel low-dose, low volume triple regimen with Fleet Phospho-soda. METHODS: A blinded, experienced colonoscopist examined 132 consecutive patients randomly allocated to receive either a triple regimen consisting of senna syrup (sennoside B), Picolax (sodium picosulphate), and Klean Prep (polyethylene glycol 3350), or Fleet Phospho-soda (sodium dihydrogen phosphate and disodium phosphate dodecahydrate). The colonoscopist recorded cleanliness according to a scoring system (1-very clean to 4-solid stools), and time taken to reach the caecum. RESULTS: In the triple regimen group (n = 81), 73% scored 1 or 2 compared with 57% in the Fleet Phospho-soda group (n = 51, p = 0.037 Mann-Whitney U-test). Examination to caecum was achieved in 95% of the triple regimen group and 89% of the Fleet Phospho-soda group. Among those examined as far as the caecum, the time to reach the caecum was 11 minutes (range 5-50) in the triple regimen group compared with 16 minutes (range 5-65) in the Fleet Phospho-soda group (p = 0.08, Mann-Whitney U-test). Patient tolerability was not assessed in this study. CONCLUSIONS: This novel triple regimen produces a cleaner colon than Fleet Phospho-soda, is associated with a trend towards a quicker and more efficient colonic examination, and is also 30% cheaper per patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Visualization and quantification of large bowel motility with functional cine-MRI].

PURPOSE: To develop and evaluate a method to visualize and quantify large bowel motility using functional cine MRI. METHODS: Fifteen healthy individuals (8 males, 7 females, 20 to 45 years old) with no history or present symptoms of bowel disorders were enrolled in a functional cine MRI examination at 6 a. m. after a starving phase for at least eight hours before and after oral administration of Senna tea (mild stimulating purgative). Two consecutive sets of repeated measurements of the entire abdomen were performed using a 1.5 T MRI system with coronal T2-weighted HASTE sequences anatomically adjusted to the course of the large bowel. A navigator technique was used for respiratory gating at the level of the right dorsal diaphragm. The changes in diameter (given in cm) were measured at 5 different locations of the ascending (AC), transverse (TC) and descending colon (DC), and assessed as parameters for the bowel motility. RESULTS: The mean values as a statistical measure for large bowel relaxation were determined. Before ingestion of Senna tea, the mean diameter measured 3.41 cm (ascending colon), 3 cm (transverse colon) and 2.67 cm (descending colon). After the ingestion of Senna tea, the mean diameter increased to 3.69 cm (ascending colon) to 3.4 cm (transverse colon) and to 2.9 cm (descending colon). A statistically significant difference was demonstrated with the Wilcoxon test (level of confidence 0.05). For the determination of dynamic increase, the changes of the statistical scatter amplitude to the mean value were expressed as percentage before and after the ingestion of Senna tea. Thereby, an increase in variation and dynamic range was detected for the AC (112.9 %) and DC (100 %), but a decrease in the dynamics for the TC (69 %). CONCLUSION: A non-invasive method for the assessment of bowel motility was developed for the first time. The use of functional cine MRI utilizing a prokinetic stimulus allowed visualisation and quantification of large bowel motility. Further studies have to determine whether this technique is clinically relevant.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Left-sided colonoscopy in screening programs. What preparation?

In order to limit patients' refusal to undergoing colorectal cancer endoscopic screening procedures, traditional cleansing enemas were compared with a new simpler oral cleansing preparation by means of a randomized controlled trial. Ninety-three patients were evaluated both for compliance and effectiveness of the two modalities tested. No difference in acceptability or effectiveness was detected. The authors discuss more rigorous cleansing techniques routinely used in diagnostic schedules which cannot be considered for preparation for colonoscopy in screening programs.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Vitamin A absorption in ascariasis.

Vitamin A absorption was studied in a group of 28 adult patients with ascariasis and 12 healthy adult controls, using a simplified vitamin A absorption test. In over 70% of the patients with ascariasis malabsorption of vitamin A was demonstrated. Stool egg counts for ascaris were not related to the degree of vitamin A malabsorption. Of the 23 patients in whom a D-xylose absorption test was performed, seven showed excretion less than 20% in 5 hr. Immediately after expulsion of the worms, vitamin A absorption improved in 13 out of 14 patients tested (in nine to normal level). The results of this study suggest that ascariasis in populations on marginal intakes of vitamin A and its precursors is an important contributing factor in producing clinical vitamin A deficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Ion-pair partition chromatography analysis of anthraquinone glycosides of senna and pharmaceutical preparations of senna.

Ion-pair partition has been combined with HPLC for the rapid detection and separation of the major anthraquinone glycosides of senns, sennosides A and B. A Corasil C18 column (5 microns) with methyl alcohol (30 percent in water) containing 0.005 M tetrabutylammonium phosphate, pH 7.5, as mobile phase was used. In the application to the assay of drugs, sennosides A and/or B constituents of the crude senna drug, Senokot syrup, Senokot tablets, and Pursennid tablets have been estimated in the presence of other constituents of the crude drug and pharmaceutical preparations. The results obtained are compared with colorimetric assay results.

Anthraquinones↗
PubMed1982

Lubricant versus laxative in the treatment of chronic functional constipation of children: a comparative study.

The efficacy of two medications commonly used in treatment of chronic functional constipation of children (CFC) was compared. Thirty-seven children (aged 3-12 years) with typical CFC were assigned at random to treatment with mineral oil or standardized senna concentrate (Senokot). The results of follow-up evaluations at 1, 3, and greater than 6 months indicate that symptom control (fecal soiling and decreased stool frequency) was significantly better in mineral-oil-treated patients. At least one recurrence of symptoms occurred in 66% of mineral-oil-treated and 89% of Senokot-treated patients. However, recurrences appeared later and less frequently in mineral-oil-treated patients. After 6 months, 55% of those treated with mineral oil had successfully discontinued regular medication. After 6 months, only 22% of Senokot-treated patients had successfully discontinued medication, while an additional 33% had stopped taking medication because of poor symptom control.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Reactive nitrogen species modulate the effects of rhein, an active component of senna laxatives, on human epithelium in vitro.

BACKGROUND: Senna laxatives are used worldwide. However, their misuse can lead to chronic mucosal inflammation with the accumulation of pigment-laden leukocytes and may cause colon cells to undergo apoptosis. This study explores the mechanisms by which rhein, an active component of senna, acts on a human intestinal cell line to induce ion secretion, apoptosis, and indirect chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. METHODS: Human colonic adenocarcinoma (CaCo-2) monolayer cells, in the presence or in the absence of rhein, were used to monitor the production of reactive nitrogen species using the Griess reaction. Modified Ussing chambers were used to study electrolyte secretion. The capacity to recruit human polymorphonuclear leukocytes was evaluated using masked well chemotaxis chambers. Rhein-induced apoptosis was investigated by counting apoptotic nuclei stained with Hoechst 33258 dye. RESULTS: Rhein caused a dose-dependent increase in short-circuit current that was abolished in chloride-free bathing buffer or by preincubating with 100 micromol/L NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NAME) methyl ester. The concentration that maximally stimulated intestinal secretion, 50 micromol/L rhein, induced nitrate production. Supernatants obtained from CaCo-2 cultures after incubation with 50 micromol/L rhein stimulated a time-dependent polymorphonuclear leukocytes chemotaxis that was significantly decreased with 100 micromol/L L-NAME, whereas rhein per se was not active. Neutralizing antibodies anti-interleukin-8 (IL-8) and anti-ENA78 also inhibited chemotaxis. Overnight rhein incubation produced an increased number of apoptotic cells in the culture supernatant that was significantly decreased by preincubation with 100 micromol/L L-NAME. Light-degraded rhein had no effects on CaCo-2 monolayers. CONCLUSIONS: The integrity of rhein is crucial to generating nitric oxide, which mediates, with different time courses, ion secretion, chemotaxis, and apoptosis of human-derived cells.

Anthraquinones↗