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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

The effect of removable partial dentures on the oral function in shortened dental arches.

In this study the effect of free-end removable partial dentures (RPD) on oral function was investigated by comparing subjects with shortened dental arches (SDA, n = 55) and a group of subjects with SDA and RPD (n = 25). In addition, a group of subjects were selected who had worn an RPD in the past (n = 19). All subjects had a remaining natural dentition consisting of an intact front region and three to five occlusal units (OU) in the posterior area. On the whole, subjects with RPD had less natural OU compared with subjects without RPD. However, this is also true for those who had worn an RPD in the past. The oral functions of subjects with SDA did not differ significantly when compared with subjects with SDA and RPD. Significantly more subjects who had an RPD in the past reported a limited mobility of the mandible, an impaired chewing capacity and chewing with the front teeth. They also reported more aesthetic complaints due to missing posterior teeth. It is concluded that within the populations investigated in this study oral function is not evidently improved by the insertion of a free-end RPD.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Acetylcholinesterase activities in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type.

We have studied, as a possible marker of cholinergic neurons, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 21 SDA patients and 9 controls of similar age with no neurological disease. The AChE activities were significantly lower in the SDA patients compared to the controls. The AChE activities were also lowered in the most severely demented patients compared to those who were less severely demented but the difference was not statistically significant. As a potential glia marker, beta-glucuronidase activity in CSF was studied, but no significant difference was found in the activities of the SDA patients compared to the controls. The reduced AChE activities in the CSF of the SDA patients may be related to the loss of cholinergic neurons or disturbed cholinergic metabolism in the brain.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The shortened dental arch: prevalence and normative treatment needs in a sample of older Canadian adults.

The concept of the shortened dental arch (SDA) was used to classify the dentition status and normative treatment needs of older adults. From 1982 to 1992, a descriptive survey was conducted in North York, Canada, of 1531 dentate adults aged 65 and over; 69% were nursing home residents. Based on the SDA concept, a "good" guadrant was defined as one which contained all premolar and anterior teeth. A "good" arch was defined as one which had two "good" quadrants. Only 6.3% of nursing home subjects and 7.5% of independently living subjects were classified as having "good" upper and lower arches; these subjects were considered to have a "functional dentition" by the criteria of the SDA concept. For subjects of both residence types, a higher percentage had a "good" lower arch (20%, 30%) as compared with a "good" upper arch (9%, 13%), and a higher proportion of non-denture wearers had "good" arches and quadrants compared with denture wearers. The most common reason for failure to meet SDA criteria was due to the loss of one or more upper premolar teeth; loss of lower canines was least frequently the reason. For subjects of both residence types, normative need for tooth extraction and prosthetic care was significantly associated with having no "good" arches. This was found for both denture wearers and non-denture wearers. Among non-denture wearers of both residence types, the need for urgent care was significantly associated with having no "good" arches.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Factors influencing accuracy of screw displacement axis detection with a D.C.-based electromagnetic tracking system.

Recent technical improvements and cost reductions in electromagnetic motion tracking systems invite their application to motion axis determination in the surgical setting. After evaluation of the accuracy of a state-of-the-art D.C. electromagnetic tracking system, which generates complete three-dimensional kinematic outputs from just a single receiver, we calculated screw displacement axes (SDA's) from its source data. The accuracy of SDA determination from such source data was evaluated for various rotational increment sizes around a revolute joint. A novel smoothing procedure, customized for this type of source data, was developed, enabling SDA detection from incremental rotations of less than 1 deg, at an accuracy appropriate for intra-operative measurement of human joint motion. Examples of SDA determination are given for motion tracking of a ball joint and of the elbow articulation.

Electromagnetic Phenomena↗
PubMed1999

Fate of pGFP-bearing Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef at 2 and 10 degrees C and effects of lactate, diacetate, and citrate.

Although beef has been implicated in the largest outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in the United States, studies on the fate of this pathogen have been limited. Problems in such studies are associated with detection of the pathogen at levels considerably lower than the levels of the competing microorganisms. In the present study, a green fluorescent protein-expressing E. coli O157:H7 strain was used, and the stable marker allowed us to monitor the behavior of the pathogen in ground beef stored aerobically from freshness to spoilage at 2 and 10 degrees C. In addition, the effects of sodium salts of lactate (SL) (0.9 and 1.8%), diacetate (SDA) (0.1 and 0.2%), and buffered citrate (SC) (1 and 2%) and combinations of SL and SDA were evaluated. SC had negligible antimicrobial activity, and SL delayed microbial growth, while SDA and SL plus SDA were most inhibitory to the total-aerobe population in the meat. At 2 degrees C, the initial numbers of E. coli O157:H7 (3 and 5 log(10) CFU/g) decreased by approximately 1 log(10) CFU/g when spoilage was manifest (>7 log(10) CFU of total aerobes/g), irrespective of the treatment. There was no decline in the numbers of the pathogen during storage at 10 degrees C. Our results showed that the pathogen was resistant to the salts tested and confirmed that refrigerated meat contaminated with the pathogen remains hazardous.

Acetates↗
PubMed1999

Gut vagal afferent lesions increase meal size but do not block gastric preload-induced feeding suppression.

Subdiaphragmatic vagal afferent (SVA) signals arising from gut sites may provide critical feedback for the control of food intake within a meal. To evaluate the role of SVAs in both spontaneous and scheduled meals, food intake was assessed in two paradigms in male Sprague-Dawley rats. In the first study, control (Con) rats (n = 6) and rats with subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation (SDA) (n = 7) had 12-h nightly access to Ensure liquid diet (1 kcal/ml). SDA rats had larger and fewer meals and maintained initial rapid rates of licking, yet total numbers of licks were unaffected. In the second study, Con (n = 8) and SDA (n = 7) rats had scheduled access to 12. 5% liquid glucose after overnight food deprivation. Glucose intake was assessed after 5-ml gastric preloads of 0.9% saline or glucose, peptone, and Intralipid solutions at three concentrations (0.5, 1, and 2 kcal/ml). Glucose and peptone preloads suppressed intake similarly in Con and SDA rats, whereas Intralipid was ineffective. These results suggest that meal-related SVA signals 1) are not critical in determining preload-induced feeding suppression after deprivation, yet 2) contribute to satiety during spontaneous meals.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2000

Duration of asthma and physiologic outcomes in elderly nonsmokers.

Airway and alveolar inflammation have been described in asthma. Prolonged inflammation may lead to airway remodeling, which can result in physiologic abnormalities. Elderly lifetime nonsmokers are an ideal population in which to examine the consequences of longstanding asthma. To test the hypothesis that airflow limitation and hyperinflation are associated with the duration of asthma, we evaluated airflow and lung volumes in a cohort of elderly asthmatic individuals. All subjects were > 60 yr of age and were lifetime nonsmokers (n = 75). Patients with asthma of long duration (LDA; n = 38) had asthma for >/= 26 yr (median = 40.0 yr); patients with asthma of short duration (SDA; n = 37) had asthma for < 26 yr (median = 9 yr). Patients with LDA had a significantly lower FEV(1)% predicted than did those with SDA (59.5 +/- 2.6% versus 73.8 +/- 3.1% [mean +/- SEM], respectively; p < 0.007). Regression analysis demonstrated that duration of asthma was inversely associated with FEV(1)% predicted (r = 0.264, p < 0.03). After bronchodilator administration, the patients with LDA continued to show airflow obstruction (FEV(1)% predicted = 65.4 +/- 2.9). Only 18% of patients with LDA attained a normal postbronchodilator FEV(1), whereas 50% of those with SDA were able to do so (p < 0.003). The FRC% predicted was significantly higher in subjects with LDA than in those with SDA (142.9 +/- 5.6 versus 124.1 +/- 4.4, respectively, p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed an association between FRC and duration of asthma that was independent of the degree of airflow limitation. These data suggest that the duration of asthma is associated with the degree of airflow limitation and hyperinflation. Moreover, these abnormalities can become irreversible over time, and may reflect distal airway and/or parenchymal changes as well as proximal airway remodeling.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Depletion of salivary gland epidermal growth factor by sialodacryoadenitis virus infection in the Wistar rat.

Male and female Wistar rats 2 to 15 months of age were inoculated intranasally with sialoda-cryoadenitis (SDA) virus and killed at 8 to 21 days post-inoculation (PI). Submandibular glands were evaluated by light and electron microscopy, and levels of salivary gland epidermal growth factor (EGF) were quantitated by cytochemistry and competitive radioreceptor assay. Apical granules in the epithelial cells of the granular convoluted tubules (GCT) were selectively depleted during the acute and convalescent stages of the disease. In addition, levels of immunoreactive EGF were reduced in affected submandibular glands, especially at 8 to 14 days PI with SDA virus, but some evidence of EGF depletion was seen at up to 3 weeks PI. A corresponding transient depletion of EGF receptor reactive salivary EGF was seen between 1 and 3 weeks after experimental SDA infection. These studies suggest that a clinical (or subclinical) infection with SDA virus could have significant effects on experimental studies on EGF-dependent functions, including reproductive physiology and carcinogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Gastric function and its contribution to the postprandial metabolic response of the Burmese python Python molurus.

The large intact prey ingested by Burmese pythons require considerable processing by the stomach before passage into the small intestine. To investigate the function and cost of gastric digestion and its contribution to postprandial metabolic response for the Burmese python, I examined the rate of gastric digestion, the postprandial profile of gastric pH and the effects of decreasing gastric workload on the metabolic cost of digestion, referred to as specific dynamic action (SDA). Ingested meal mass (equivalent to 25% of snake body mass) was reduced by 18% within 1 day postfeeding, by which time intragastric pH had decreased from 7.5 to 2. Gastric pH was maintained at 1.5 for the next 5-7 days, after which it returned to 7.5. The SDA generated by digesting an intact rat meal was reduced by 9.1%, 26.0%, 56.5% and 66.8%, respectively, when pythons were fed steak, ground rat, liquid diet or ground rat directly infused into the small intestine. The production of HCl and enzymes and other gastric functions represent an estimated 55% of the python's SDA generated from the digestion of an intact rodent meal. Additional contributors to SDA include protein synthesis (estimated 26%), gastrointestinal upregulation (estimated 5%) and the activities of the pancreas, gallbladder, liver, kidneys and intestines during digestion (estimated 14%). Operating on a 'pay before pumping' principle, pythons must expend endogenous energy in order to initiate acid production and other digestive processes before ingested nutrients can be absorbed and channeled into metabolic pathways.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Use of a structured descriptive assessment methodology to identify variables affecting problem behavior.

This study evaluated a variation of functional assessment methodology, the structured descriptive assessment (SDA). The SDA is conducted in an individual's natural environment and involves systematically manipulating antecedent variables while leaving consequences free to vary. Results were evaluated by comparing the results of an SDA with results obtained from an analogue functional analysis with 4 children who exhibited problem behavior. For 3 of 4 participants, the results of the two assessments suggested similar hypotheses about variables maintaining problem behavior. Interventions based on the results of the SDA were implemented for 3 children and resulted in significant reductions in rates of problem behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Polyagglutinability associated with the cad antigen.

Various anti-Cad and anti-Sda reagents were tested against a panel of Cad red cells in order to determine whether Cad and Sda antigens were identical. According to the results, although strong Sda reactivity was always found in Cad red cells, the two antigen specificities are not identical. The polyagglutinability of Cad red cells seems to be related to an anti-Cad present in all human sera but Cad, and not with anti-Sda antibody.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed2001

Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in genitourinary medicine clinic attendees: comparison of strand displacement amplification and the ligase chain reaction.

Nucleic acid amplification (NAA) methods for the diagnosis of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection perform well but are technically demanding. Strand displacement amplification (SDA) assay is a new NAA method that offers technical simplicity but its comparative diagnostic performance is unknown. Here, we compare the diagnostic performance of ligase chain reaction with that of SDA in first-catch urine (FCU) samples from both male and female patients and in endocervical swab (ECS) specimens. Attendees (715 men, 291 women) of a city-centre genitourinary medicine clinic were studied. FCU specimens were collected from all the men and from 205 of the women in the study. Two ECS specimens were collected from each of the women. Discordant results were resolved using an in-house nested polymerase chain reaction technique. Samples positive in two out of the three assays were considered positive. Prevalence of C. trachomatis infection was 9.2% and 9.1% in the men and women, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of SDA in FCU specimens from the men were 95.5%, 100%, 100% and 99.5%, respectively. In the female group, the figures for FCU and ECS specimens were 77.3%, 100%, 100% and 97.3%, and 90.9%, 100%, 100% and 97.3%, respectively. In this high-prevalence population, SDA assay is an effective method for the detection of C. trachomatis in FCU specimens in men and in ECS (but not FCU) specimens in women. Further studies in lower-prevalence populations are required.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed2003

The Black Seventh-Day Adventist exploratory health study.

African Americans are at high risk for stroke and dementia. Modifications of lifestyle, however, might lower this risk. The Seventh-Day Adventist (SDA) Church encourages both spiritual adherence and a healthy lifestyle. Members are encouraged to exercise and are discouraged from smoking, drinking alcoholic or caffeinated beverages, or eating meat. The present study describes an exploratory project in 2 Black SDA congregations (N = 82) designed to characterize the lifestyle, dietary, and spiritual health habits of these congregations, and to test the feasibility of collecting such information in the Black SDA community at large. Three separate data collection methods are described and evaluated. Data demonstrate that the sample differs significantly from the African-American community at large in dietary, lifestyle, and spiritual health habits. The Black SDA community represents a unique opportunity to test the effects of diet, lifestyle, and spirituality on risk for stroke and dementia.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1987

Effect of cigarette smoking and dietary factors on the amount of N-nitrosothiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid and N-nitroso-2-methyl-thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid in human urine.

The effects of cigarette smoking and dietary factors on urinary excretion of N-nitrosothiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid (NTCA; N-nitrosothioproline) and N-nitroso-2-methylthiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid (NMTCA; N-nitroso-2-methylthioproline) were studied in a male volunteer and in healthy Japanese subjects from the general population and Seventh-Day Adventists (SDA). Twenty-four-hour urine samples from the male volunteer were collected on 20 smoking days and 20 nonsmoking days during ingestion of a fixed diet, and the amounts of urinary N-nitrosamino acids were analysed by gas chromatography-thermal energy analysis. Cigarette smoking caused about two-fold (significant) increases in the amounts of NTCA and NMTCA in the volunteer. In the male subjects from the general population, not controlled for diet, the amounts of NTCA and NMTCA in 24-h urines of smokers were also significantly higher than those of the nonsmokers. The urinary excretions of NTCA and NMTCA in SDA were lower than those of nonsmokers in the general population. It was concluded that cigarette smoking is one of the important factors in determining the amounts of NTCA and NMTCA in human urine. Dietary factors also apparently influence the urinary levels of these N-nitrosamino acids. In addition, an apparent sex difference in the urinary excretion of NTCA and NMTCA (about two-fold higher in females) was observed in the general population but not in SDA. The N-nitrosoproline (NPRO) level was significantly higher in SDA than in nonsmokers in the general population.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Molecular cloning of a murine N-acetylgalactosamine transferase cDNA that determines expression of the T lymphocyte-specific CT oligosaccharide differentiation antigen.

Two monoclonal antibodies termed CT1 and CT2 define a cell surface oligosaccharide molecule expressed on restricted populations of murine lymphocytes. This oligosaccharide structure is largely associated with the extracellular domain of the CD45 family of tyrosine phosphatases, molecules required for lymphocytes to proliferate in response to antigen stimulation. Previous work has shown that the oligosaccharide structure recognized by the CT antibodies is identical, at least in part, to that of the human Sda blood group, a structure formed through enzymatic addition of N-acetylgalactosamine in beta 1,4-linkage to a sub-terminal galactose substituted with an alpha 2,3-linked N-acetylneuraminic acid residue. We have used a mammalian transient expression cloning approach to isolate a murine cDNA that determines expression of an oligosaccharide structure recognized by the CT antibodies as well as human anti-Sda serum. The nucleotide sequence predicts a 510-amino acid type II transmembrane protein characteristic of other mammalian glycosyltransferases. Enzymatic characterization of the protein expressed by this cDNA demonstrates that it encodes a beta 1,4-N-acetylgalactosamine transferase activity that can add to the low molecular weight acceptor 3'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine, to form the nonreducing terminal tetrasaccharide Sda blood group structure. This cDNA shares 51% nucleotide sequence identity with a cDNA encoding the human GM2/GD2 synthase, particularly throughout the regions encoding their putative catalytic domains. Southern blot analysis demonstrates that these two cDNA's represent distinct loci in the murine genome. The CT-GalNAc transferase cDNA isolated here represents a tool with which to define the role(s) of lymphocyte cell surface CT determinants, and may facilitate the isolation of the human Sda blood group locus through cross-hybridization approaches.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Coronavirus infections in the laboratory rat: degree of cross protection following immunization with a heterologous strain.

One hundred and twenty-one specific pathogen-free male Wistar rats eight to ten weeks of age were used to evaluate the efficacy of Parker's rat coronavirus (PRC) in affording cross protection on subsequent challenge with virulent sialodacryoadenitis (SDA) virus. Sixty-two animals were inoculated intranasally on day 0 and 21 days later with approximately 10(2) median tissue culture infective doses (TCID50) of the tenth passage of PRC replicated in L-2 cells. Animals were selected at random postvaccination to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PRC by histopathology, immunohistochemistry and serology. At three and six months postvaccination (PV), vaccinated and seronegative control rats were inoculated intranasally with approximately 10(3) TCID50 doses of virulent SDA virus. Challenged rats were then killed at 6, 10 and 14 days postchallenge and necropsied. Evaluations were based on lesion indices in lacrimal and salivary glands and respiratory tract, the presence of viral antigen by immunohistochemistry, and antibody response. Lesions were observed in rats killed PV, but in general, they were significantly reduced compared with those present in seronegative animals post-exposure to virulent SDA virus (p < or = 0.05). However, they were still considered to be an unacceptable level for a routine vaccination procedure. Potvaccination antibody titers to rat coronavirus were evident in all animals tested at three or six months prior to challenge with SDA virus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1990

Anthropometric parameters of schoolchildren with different life-styles.

Height and weight data obtained from a 2-year longitudinal survey were analyzed for 2272 children aged 6 through 18 years who were attending public schools or Seventh-Day Adventist (SDA) schools in southern California. The SDAs do not use alcohol or tobacco, and many adhere to a lacto-ovovegetarian diet. For both sexes, in each school group, the mean height and weight were at or above national reference values. Age-adjusted regression analysis showed that SDA school-boys were 1.6 cm taller than public schoolboys. There were no significant differences in height for girls. After controlling for height, boys and girls in the SDA schools were found to be leaner than their public school peers, ie, 1.27 and 1.16 kg, respectively. These results suggest that a health-oriented life-style in childhood and adolescence, such as the one followed by SDAs, is compatible with adequate growth and associated with a lower weight for height.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Alginate hydrogel microspheres and microcapsules prepared by spinning disk atomization.

Our spinning disk atomization (SDA) can, relative to other existing techniques, produce micron-sized particles with very narrow size distribution. The aim of this work is to present this technology for the production of alginate microspheres and microcapsules. We atomized and gelled aqueous alginate solutions into very narrowly dispersed microspheres with sizes ranging from 300 to 600 microm. Here, the interest is to produce, at high rate, particles of a given size with a narrow size distribution and also to show a new method of encapsulation using SDA. The viscosity and flow rate contributions in the drop formation is qualitatively analyzed to show how they affect droplet size. In addition, a technique for high degree of encapsulation is presented in which yeast is used as a model system. The production of yeast-loaded microspheres by SDA shows the potential of the technique for biotechnology applications.

Biocompatible Materials↗