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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Reciprocal limbic-cortical function and negative mood: converging PET findings in depression and normal sadness.

OBJECTIVE: Theories of human behavior from Plato to Freud have repeatedly emphasized links between emotion and reason, a relationship now commonly attributed to pathways connecting phylogenetically "old" and "new" brain regions. Expanding on this theory, this study examined functional interactions between specific limbic and neocortical regions accompanying normal and disease-associated shifts in negative mood state. METHOD: Regions of concordant functional change accompanying provocation of transient sadness in healthy volunteers and resolution of chronic dysphoric symptoms in depressed patients were examined with two positron emission tomography techniques: [15O]water and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose, respectively. RESULTS: With sadness, increases in limbic-paralimbic blood flow (subgenual cingulate, anterior insula) and decreases in neocortical regions (right dorsolateral prefrontal, inferior parietal) were identified. With recovery from depression, the reverse pattern, involving the same regions, was seen--limbic metabolic decreases and neocortical increases. A significant inverse correlation between subgenual cingulate and right dorsolateral prefrontal activity was also demonstrated in both conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Reciprocal changes involving subgenual cingulate and right prefrontal cortex occur with both transient and chronic changes in negative mood. The presence and maintenance of functional reciprocity between these regions with shifts in mood in either direction suggests that these regional interactions are obligatory and probably mediate the well-recognized relationships between mood and attention seen in both normal and pathological conditions. The bidirectional nature of this limbic-cortical reciprocity provides additional evidence of potential mechanisms mediating cognitive ("top-down"), pharmacological (mixed), and surgical ("bottom-up") treatments of mood disorders such as depression.

Affect↗
PubMed2005

Neural correlates of sad feelings in schizophrenia with and without blunted affect.

OBJECTIVE: There have been reports that patients with schizophrenia have decreased activity in the prefrontal cortex during emotion processing. However, findings have been confounded by sample nonspecificity and explicit cognitive task interference with emotion processing. We aimed to further investigate this by examining the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) activation in response to the passive viewing of sad film excerpts. METHODS: We presented film excerpts depicting sad and neutral social situations to 25 schizophrenia patients (14 with blunted affect [BA+] and 11 without blunted affect [BA-]) in an implicit perception task to evoke prefronto-limbic activity illustrated by blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: A random-effects analysis (2-sample t test) using statistical parametric mapping indicated that BA+ patients differed from BA- patients at a 0.05 level (P corrected for multiple comparisons). Consistent with our a priori hypothesis, BA- patients (relative to BA+ patients) showed significant activation in the right VLPFC. An exploratory analysis revealed the following loci of activation: caudate nucleus, VLPFC, middle prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and anterior temporal pole in the BA- group; and hippocampus, cerebellum, anterior temporal pole, and midbrain in the BA+ group. CONCLUSIONS: We observed not only hypofrontality in the BA+ group but also dysfunctional circuitry distributed throughout the brain. The temporal and midbrain activation seen in the BA+ group may indicate that these brain regions were working harder to compensate for inactivation in other regions. These distributed dysfunctional circuits may form the neural basis of blunted affect through impairment of emotion processing in the brain that prevents it from processing input efficiently and producing output effectively, thereby leading to symptoms such as blunted affect.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Sadness predicts death in older people.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if a question about symptoms of depression in a mail survey predicts mortality after adjusting for a large number of covariates. DESIGN: National cross-sectional survey of 141,589 enrollees in Medicare, age 65 and older. Analyses used multivariate logistic regression models with death as the outcome. RESULTS: Response to a question about sadness or anhedonia was associated with death in 2 years (OR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.2, 1.4). Results were consistent across age, gender, and presence/absence of known heart disease. Other responses associated with death were older age, male gender, and self-reported cancers, shortness of breath, heart failure, smoking, and other characteristics. Higher education and being married appeared to protect from death. DISCUSSION: A single survey question about feelings of sadness or anhedonia is predictive of death in 2 years.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

ICA-17043, a novel Gardos channel blocker, prevents sickled red blood cell dehydration in vitro and in vivo in SAD mice.

A prominent feature of sickle cell anemia is the presence of dehydrated red blood cells (RBCs) in circulation. Loss of potassium (K(+)), chloride (Cl(-)), and water from RBCs is thought to contribute to the production of these dehydrated cells. One main route of K(+) loss in the RBC is the Gardos channel, a calcium (Ca(2+))-activated K(+) channel. Clotrimazole (CLT), an inhibitor of the Gardos channel, has been shown to reduce RBC dehydration in vitro and in vivo. We have developed a chemically novel compound, ICA-17043, that has greater potency and selectivity than CLT in inhibiting the Gardos channel. ICA-17043 blocked Ca(2+)-induced rubidium flux from human RBCs with an IC(50) value of 11 +/- 2 nM (CLT IC(50) = 100 +/- 12 nM) and inhibited RBC dehydration with an IC(50) of 30 +/- 20 nM. In a transgenic mouse model of sickle cell disease (SAD), treatment with ICA-17043 (10 mg/kg orally, twice a day) for 21 days showed a marked and constant inhibition of the Gardos channel activity (with an average inhibition of 90% +/- 27%, P <.005), an increase in RBC K(+) content (from 392 +/- 19.9 to 479.2 +/- 40 mmol/kg hemoglobin [Hb], P <.005), a significant increase in hematocrit (Hct) (from 0.435 +/- 0.007 to 0.509 +/- 0.022 [43.5% +/- 0.7% to 50.9% +/- 2.2%], P <.005), a decrease in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (from 340 +/- 9.0 to 300 +/- 15 g/L [34.0 +/- 0.9 to 30 +/- 1.5 g/dL], P <.05), and a left-shift in RBC density curves. These data indicate that ICA-17043 is a potent inhibitor of the Gardos channel and ameliorates RBC dehydration in the SAD mouse.

Acetamides↗
PubMed1999

Hypericum in seasonal affective disorder (SAD).

Volunteers from the membership of the SAD Association took part in a postal survey, before and after eight weeks' treatment with Hypericum (Kira), using an 11-item rating scale. The maximum score is 44 and the mean score in 168 patients using Kira alone was 21.3. This fell to 13 at endpoint (p < 0.001). The corresponding figures for 133 patients using Kira + light therapy were 20.6 and 11.8, respectively (p < 0.001). In both groups, there was significant improvement in anxiety, loss of libido and insomnia. There were no significant between-group differences on any measure except that improvement in sleep was greater in the Kira + light group (p < 0.01). On the results of this survey, Hypericum would appear to be an effective treatment for SAD.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2003

Assessing Axis I symptomatology on the SADS-C in two correctional samples: the validation of subscales and a screen for malingered presentations.

The Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Change Version (SADS-C; Spitzer & Endicott, 1978b) is a brief, highly reliable structured interview with clinical applications to diverse populations. This investigation involved reanalyses of data from 2 earlier studies (Rogers, Grandjean, Tillbrook, Vitacco, & Sewell, 2001; Ustad, Rogers, & Salekin, 1998). Focusing on 2 clinical samples from a metropolitan jail, we investigated its subscales via exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. A good model fit was found (comparative fit index =.92; robust comparative fit index =.94) for 4 subscales (Dysphoria, Psychosis, Mania, and Insomnia) with good interrater reliability (M intraclass coefficient =.95) and clinical relevance. As a preliminary screen for feigned mental disorders, 2 detection scales (Symptom Combinations and Symptom Selectivity) were moderately successful. By maximizing negative predictive power, the SADS-C detection strategies proved effective at ruling out feigning for mentally disordered offenders with a high likelihood of genuine disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Super agonist actions of clothianidin and related compounds on the SAD beta 2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes.

To compare the actions of clothianidin, a neonicotinoid acting on insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and related compounds with that of imidacloprid, the compounds were tested on the Drosophila SAD-chicken beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes using two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiology. The maximum response of the SAD beta 2 nicotinic receptor to clothianidin was larger than that observed for acetylcholine. Ring breakage of the imidazolidine ring of imidacloprid resulting in the generation of a guanidine group was critical for this super agonist action.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1997

[The efficiency of alprazolam for seasonal affective disorder (SAD, autumn/winter type)].

We experienced a 49 years old female SAD patient who showed a good response the next day after alprazolam 1.2 mg administration. The back ground EEG of the patient showed a abnormal EEG with slow waves. The personality was colored with historical features. The nadir of body core temperature from rectum slightly delayed in remission phase compared with depressive phase. The patient became hypomania and calmed down gradually. Alprazolam treatment is seemed to be available for SAD patients.

Alprazolam↗
PubMed2000

Happy alone? Sad young men in East Asian gay cinema.

This essay chooses as its texts three films representing contemporary gay male subjects from each of the "three" China's: HK, Taiwan, and the Mainland. Relocating the homoerotic image of the "sad young man," a trope popular from Hollywood rebellion films of the 1950s and 1960s, to contemporary China, I discuss how this masculine icon has been transformed from one of heroic rebellion to one of existential isolation. Indeed, as the politics of both the outmoded Confucian family and fractured Chinese nationhood intersect, what the sad young (gay) man rebels against is a political fluctuation which is no longer fixed; as the young man's opposition is no longer fixed, so too does he become alienated even from his own rebellious cause.

Art↗
PubMed2005

[Interrater reliability for diagnosis in adults of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder using K-SADS-E].

The diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in adults lacks adequate assessment instruments. The aim of this investigation is to evaluate the interrater reliability of the sections of K-SADS-E adapted for the diagnosis of these disorders among adults. The adaptations were limited to asking questions directly to the patient, investigation of a later onset of symptoms, and asking for adult specific symptoms. Six trained raters scored 16 recorded interviews. Kappa coefficients were 1.00 for ADHD diagnosis in the past, 0.91 for subtype in the past, 1.00 for ADHD diagnosis in the present, 0.95 for subtype in the present, 1.00 and 0.89 for ODD diagnosis in the past and present, respectively (all with p < 0.001). These results reveal excellent agreement for the ADHD and ODD diagnosis in adults using the adapted form of the Portuguese version of K-SADS-E.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[The expression of sadness in a working class bairro in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil].

This paper examines the peculiarities of the expression of emotion in a poor neighborhood from Northeastern Brazil, the bairro of Nordeste de Amaralina, in Salvador, Bahia. Focusing on the expression of sadness, we built a scheme in which to understand how the informants perceive, identify, and deal with this emotion in the course of their daily lives. We attempted to reach an understanding of the wavs people in the bairro interpret sadness. In order to accomplish this goal. we built a semantic network which revealed three main clusters of emotional expression: the inner set, the bodily set, and the interactional set. We came to realize the various superpositions benween the universe of emotional expression and the local concept of person.

English Abstract↗
PubMed2002

Safety studies of the oral rabies vaccine SAD B19 in striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis).

Safety of the modified live rabies virus vaccine, SAD B19, was studied in striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis). Seven skunks received 10(7.9) foci formatting units by direct oral administration. In four cages, a vaccinated animal was placed with a control animal, the other three vaccinated skunks were housed individually. Saliva and nasal swabs were collected 1, 2, 4, 24, 48, and 72 hr post-vaccination. From all vaccinated and control animals (n = 11) blood samples were collected 0, 28, 56, 84, and 296 days post-vaccination. Three of seven vaccinated skunks seroconverted. None of the control animals had detectable levels of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies. Also no vaccine virus was isolated from the nasal and saliva swabs collected from any animal. Thus, SAD B19 was innocuous for skunks in our study after direct oral administration at field concentration.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1999

Depression without sadness: alternative presentations of depression in late life.

Older adults often deny feeling sad while exhibiting other characteristics of depression. Elderly patients with depression who do not present with sadness often have unexplained somatic complaints and exhibit a sense of hopelessness. Anxiety and anhedonia (a general loss of ability to feel pleasure) are also encountered frequently. Other features that may indicate underlying depression include slowness of movement and lack of interest in personal care. A screening device, such as the Center for Epidemiologic Studies--Depression Scale, Revised (CES-D-R), may identify depression in suspicious cases. When this condition is identified, treatment should generally include the use of an antidepressant medication, usually a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Spa therapy and sadness].

The feeling of sadness is said to be an individual problem which can take advantage of an adequate Spa therapy in all its complexity. The sadness as a feeling of disproportional affective reaction with mental consequences, can find relief in the Spa cures and their different structural elements like the hydrothermal techniques, psychical actions, environmental features..., etc. These Spa cures have many favourable effects not only on the body but also on the mind, being capable of liberating the mind of worries and respecting the peculiar personality and way of suffering of the patient.

Balneology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An anniversary of the Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic in Novi Sad--a half-century of progress, education, learning and practice].

Maxillofacial Surgery is an independent surgical specialty dealing with diagnostics and therapy of malignant and benign tumors, injuries, deformities and congenital anomalies of head and neck, as well as infections in the same region. It originates in central European states. Origin and development of Maxillofacial surgery in Serbia is connected to the name of dr Atanbas Pulja, in 1912 y. during the First Balkans War. Maxillofacial surgery in Novi Sad represents a scientific, educational and research base and center. The members of the staff include 7 specialists, out of which 2 are professors and 2 assistant professors. Maxillofacial Clinic is a part of the Institute of Surgery, which is a part of the Clinical Centre of Novi Sad. Head of the Clinic is Full Professor dr Jovan Ristić.

Health Facilities↗
PubMed2001

Melatonin secretion in SAD patients and healthy subjects matched with respect to age and sex.

Among the competing hypotheses concerning the aetiology of SAD is the melatonin hypothesis, which is the target of this study. 5 test subjects with SPAQ seasonality score (SS) > or = 9 and 5 controls with SS 3/4 4 participated in the study. The participants took saliva samples at home. Samples were collected 4 times a day for 3 days in March, 1999. Melatonin concentrations were determined by RIA. No significant differences in circadian rhythms were found between the groups; i.e. the curves for both groups ran parallel. However the concentrations of melatonin in the SAD patients were found to be on average 2.4 times as high as in the control group; the difference is significant at p<0.001. Our results support the melatonin hypothesis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of Professor Stanoje Stefanovic in the organization of education at the Medical School in Novi Sad and his contribution to the development of internal medicine--on the 10th anniversary of his death (1911-1991)].

This paper presents the role of Academician Stanoje Stefanović in organization of teaching activities in internal medicine and physiopathology at the Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad as well as his contribution to development of internal medicine in Novi Sad and Province of Vojvodine. It also deals with chronological evolution of the Department of Internal Medicine of the General Provincial Hospital into a modern Clinic of Internal Diseases.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed2005

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soils of Novi Sad and bank sediment of the Danube River.

Concentrations of 16 EPA polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the surface soil samples of Novi Sad city urban area and in the Danube bank sediment sample were measured in 2001. The sampling sites were chosen in order to cover the whole city area and the results correspond to a network of six representative sampling sites. The total content of PAHs ranged from 307 to 1452 microg/kg with arithmetic mean value of 667 microg/kg and median of 382 microg/kg that represented typical PAH level of soils throughout Novi Sad urban area. Value of total PAHs content obtained in bank sediment sample along the Danube River was 975 microg/kg. Benzo(a)pyrene known to be carcinogenic formed 6-14% of the sum concentration of the identified PAHs for all investigated samples. Data were compared with the ones found for soils and river sediments throughout the world, and with target values set by Dutch authorities for unpolluted soil. The total carcinogenic potency for each sampling site was calculated and compared with the ones obtained on the base of the target concentrations. It was revealed only one sampling site with carcinogenic potency below the value calculated for unpolluted soil.

Carcinogens↗