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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Fifth somatosensory cortex (SV) representation of the whole body surface in the medial bank of the anterior suprasylvian sulcus of the cat.

The physiological properties of neurons in the medial bank of the anterior suprasylvian sulcus (ASSS-m) of the cat's cortex were studied using unit recording techniques. Receptive fields (RFs) on the face are represented in the most rostral aspects of the ASSS-m. Of these neurons, 84% responded to light touch of the skin on the contralateral region of the face and 12% responded to mechanical stimulation of facial hair. In addition, 4% of the neurons responded to light touch to the skin or mechanical stimulation of the hair on the contralateral face and also to visual stimuli. The RFs of neurons responsive to the hindlimb and tail are located in the most caudal aspects of the ASSS-m. 22% of these neurons responded to the light touch to the skin and 78% responded to movement of hair. The RFs of neurons responsive to the trunk area in the ASSS-m are located between the facial and hindlimb regions. Of these neurons, 2% responded to light touch of the skin and 98% responded to movements of hair. Some neurons which responded to stimulation of hair or skin on the trunk included forelimb and/or hindlimb areas. In addition, some neurons had RFs on both sides of the trunk including the shoulder area. These regions were in area 5a. Various features of representation in ASSS-m distinguish this region from other somatosensory areas. We designate the ASSS-m as the fifth somatosensory cortex (SV).

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Normal human endometrial cells in culture: characterization and immortalization of epithelial and stromal cells by SV 40 large T antigen.

Thirty endometrial biopsies were cultured in order to separate stromal and epithelial cells. Using epidermal growth factor (EGF), cortisol, cholera toxin, insulin with 5% horse serum for epithelial cells or a medium with 20% fetal calf serum for stromal cells, we could specifically enrich endometrial culture in epithelial or stromal cells and culture them for 1 or 2 months. These cultures retained the phenotypic characteristics of epithelial (cytokeratins, mucin HMFG 1) and stromal (vimentin, smooth muscle actin, desmin) lineage by immunostaining analysis. Epithelial and stromal cultures from one individual were respectively immortalized by the SV 40 large T antigen. The immortalized cell lines kept the phenotype of the normal cells from which they derived.

Actins↗
PubMed1987

DNA breakdown of 3T3 and SV 40-transformed 3T3 cells cultured in suspension.

It was examined what effect of suspension culture exerted on prelabeled DNA of 3T3 and SV 40 transformed cells (SV3T3). On an alkaline sucrose density gradient the small size DNA of 3T3 cells increased with time of suspension, while that of SV3T3 did not. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that prelabeled DNA of suspended 3T3 cells became small on a neutral sucrose density gradient, in an alkaline and a neutral elution. When SV3T3 cells were treated with dimethylsulfoxide, the smaller DNA appeared on an alkaline sucrose density gradient.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Rodent tracheal epithelial cells in vitro: a comparative study of normal cells, enhanced growth variants, SV-40 transformed cells and their interactions.

Tracheal epithelial cells of the golden Syrian hamster can be successfully cultivated in vitro and applied as a model system of respiratory tract epithelium. By morphology and growth characteristics of tracheal epithelial cells, "normal cells", "enhanced growth variants" and "transformed cells" were distinguished in vitro. Hamster tracheal epithelial cells, transformed by Simian virus (SV)-40 expressed in cell nuclei the specific tumor (T-) antigen and showed an accumulation of tumor suppressor protein p53 by immunofluorescence. Cocultivation of "enhanced growth variants" and of "transformed cells" on a "feeder layer" of normal hamster tracheal epithelial cells revealed remarkable differences in loss of "contact inhibition of growth". A "cytokine" released by NIH-3T3 cells stimulated cell proliferation and seems to be important for cell growth of hamster tracheal epithelial cells. Preliminary characterization of the "cytokine" disclosed a molecular weight of more than 30 kDa, a relative thermostability and a loss of activity by treatment with mercaptoethanol indicating disulfide bridges in a molecule.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed2004

Stent implantation in very small coronary arteries: the Tsunami SV International Registry.

The aim of this multicenter registry was to examine the in-hospital and long-term clinical outcomes of patients who underwent Tsunami SV stent implantation for the treatment of lesions involving coronary arteries with a reference diameter of <2.5 mm. The angiographic success rate was 97.5%. No in-hospital or 30-day major adverse cardiac events occurred. During the 6-month follow-up, there was 1 cardiac death (1%), and 5 subjects (4.8%) underwent repeat target lesion revascularization.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, down-regulates interleukin-12 transcription in SV-40-transformed lung epithelial cells.

Inhibition of histone deacetylation results in increased gene expression. Trichostatin (Ts)A, a specific histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, up-regulates transcription of some genes but represses expression of others. We quantified histone acetylation in SV-40-transformed lung epithelial cells using flow cytometry. Further, to evaluate the effect of TsA on transcription of genes associated with airway inflammation, we measured interleukin (IL)-8 production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as well as IL-12 transcription by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, in the transformed cells after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of TsA. Pretreatment of cells with TsA before LPS stimulation induced hyperacetylation of histones (especially in the S phase of the cell cycle), enhanced IL-8 production, and suppressed IL-12p35 and IL-12p40 mRNA accumulation. Thus we have demonstrated a useful way to detect hyperacetylation at the single-cell level, as well as the ability of an HDAC inhibitor to repress genes in epithelial cells.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1999

Sequence analysis and expression of the aspartokinase and aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase operon from rifamycin SV-producing amycolatopsis mediterranei.

A approximately 4.8 kb KpnI fragment, from the upstream region of the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase gene (mutAB) of rifamycin SV-producing Amycolatopsis mediterranei, was cloned and partially sequenced. Codon preference analysis showed three complete ORFs. ORF2 is internal to ORF1, and encodes a polypeptide corresponding to 172 amino acids, whereas ORF1 encodes a polypeptide of 421 amino acids. They were identified as the encoding genes of aspartokinase alpha- and beta-subunits by comparing the amino acid sequences with those in the database. The downstream ORF3, whose start codon was overlapped with the stop codon of both ORF1 and ORF2 by 1 bp, was identified as the aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase gene (asd), encoding a polypeptide of 346 amino acids. Subclones containing either the ask gene or the asd gene were constructed, in which the genes could be expressed under Lac promoters. Two subclones could transform E. coli CGSC 5074 (ask-) and E. coli X6118 (asd-) to prototrophy, supporting the functional assignments. Southern hybridisation indicated that the approximately 4.8 kb sequenced region represented a continuous segment in the A. mediterranei chromosome. It is concluded that ask and asd genes are present in an operon in A. mediterranei, and therefore that organisation of these two genes is the same as in most gram-positive bacteria, such as Mycobacteria, Corynebacterium glutamicum and Bacillus subtilis, but is different from Streptomyces akiyoshiensis.

Actinobacteria↗
PubMed1998

Malignant transformation of Syrian hamster kidney cells in vitro by interaction of airborne particulates and simian virus (SV-) 40.

Permanent inhalation of great variety of air pollutants raises serious problems concerning adverse effects on human health. Especially in airborne particulates more than 1000 inorganic and organic compounds have been detected, among them also carcinogens and mutagens, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic-aza-compounds, carbonic acids, phenols, ketons, heavy metals, etc. The role of airborne particulates in genesis of the most common cancer in man, the bronchogenic carcinoma, is still unresolved. Samples of airborne particulates were collected at locations of the highly industrialized Rhine-Ruhr region (Germany) employing a high volume sampler HVS-150 (Ströhlein Instruments) prepared with glass fibre filters. Samples were extracted in a Soxhlet-apparatus with dichloromethane. Using a rotating evaporator the solvent was evaporated and the residual substances dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide for cell culture experiments. Carcinogenic activity of extracts of airborne particulates was evaluated by the bioassay of 'enhancement' of malignant cell transformation in vitro. In this bioassay, exponentially growing cell cultures from kidneys of the Syrian golden hamster were treated with various concentrations of extracts of airborne particulates for 18 h. Thereafter, exposed and control cultures were infected with the papovavirus simian virus (SV-) 40 (Strain RH 911) at a multiplicity of infection (M.O.I.) of 300-500 ID50. A strong dose-dependent 'enhancement' of cell transformation frequency occurred in kidney cultures of the Syrian golden hamster pretreated with extracts of airborne particulates and thereafter infected with the simian virus 40. It has to be emphasized, that very low quantities of extractable substances corresponding to particulates collected from 0.5 m3 of air, induced a strong highly significant increase in cell transformation frequency. Inoculation of transformed cells into syngeneic animals produced in a high percentage malignant tumors, mostly sarcomas.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1975

Mechanism of inhibition of RNA polymerase II and poly(adenylic acid) polymerase by the O-n-octyloxime of 3-formylrifamycin SV.

Factors affecting the inhibition of RNA polymerase II from rat liver by the O-n-octyloxime of 3-formylrifamycin SV (AF/013) were investigated. Using either native or denatured calf-thymus DNA as template, almost complete inhibition of RNA polymerase II was observed when AF/013 was added directly to the enzyme. Considerable resistance to AF/013 was observed when RNA polymerase II was preincubated with denatured DNA at either 0 or 37 degrees. However, under similar conditions, no resistance was observed when enzyme was preincubated with native DNA. Only when AF/013 was added to the ongoing reaction using native DNA did a resistance to AF/013 occur. The inhibition of RNA polymerase II by AF/013 was competitive with respect to all four nucleoside triphosphate substrates. The inhibition by AF/013 remaining after enzyme-DNA complex formation also appeared competitive with nucleoside triphosphate levels. The effect of exogenous protein (bovine serum albumin, BSA) on the inhibition of RNA polymerase II was also investigated. BSA reduced the extent of inhibition by AF/013, but did not alter the competitive nature of inhibition. Concurrently, the inhibition of highly purified nuclear poly(A) polymerase from rat liver, a template independent enzyme which incorporates AMP in a chain elongation reaction, was examined. As in the case of RNA polymerase, poly(A) polymerase was inhibited by AF/013 in a manner competitive with the nucleoside triphosphate substrate. The competitive nature of inhibition of RNA polymerase by AF/013 with respect to all four nucleoside triphosphate substrates, before and after enzyme-DNA complex formation, as well as the competitive nature of inhibition of poly(A) polymerase with respect to ATP tend to indicate that the major effect of AF/013 on RNA polymerase II is at the level of the substrate binding as opposed to a specific inhibition of initiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

4-Deoxypyrido[1',2':1,2]imidazo[5,4-c]rifamycin SV derivatives. A new series of semisynthetic rifamycins with high antibacterial activity and low gastroenteric absorption.

A series of 4-deoxypyrido[1',2':1,2]imidazo[5,4-c]rifamycin SV derivatives (6-11) were prepared that demonstrated high antibacterial activity suitable for an intestinal disinfectant. These compounds are zwitterionic in nature and are poorly absorbed through the gastroenteric tract but maintain the ability to cross the bacterial cell wall. X-ray crystallographic data are presented to demonstrate the zwitterionic nature of these compounds. The structure-activity relationship of this novel series of antibiotics is discussed and the derivative with the highest ratio between subcutaneous and oral activity (6) was selected for clinical development. At the outset of this work several 3-(quaternary ammonium bromides) (1-5) were prepared and tested for antibacterial activity. These compounds were demonstrated to be too polar to even cross the bacterial cell wall but led to the synthesis of 6-11.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Synthesis and quantitative structure--activity relationships of some antibacterial 3-formylrifamycin SV N-(4-substituted phenyl)piperazinoacethydrazones.

A series of 14 3-formylrifamycin SV N-(4-substituted phenyl)piperazinoacethydrazones has been synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. The compounds were found active against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium phlei, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis but not as active as rifampin. The compounds also exhibited significant activity against Clostridium perfringens and in this bacterial system some were more active than rifampin. The QSAR showed that the activity against B. subtilis depended only on lipophilicity, and the regression equation was linear. A parabolic relationship between the antibacterial activity and lipophilicity of the compounds was found in Staph. aureus. Additionally, the activity was dependent upon the electronic and steric effects of the phenyl substituents. The sensitivity of M. phlei to the compounds was found to correlate well with a linear combination of hydrophobic, electronic, and steric parameters. No statistically significant correlation was possible between the physicochemical parameters studied and the activity of the compounds against C. perfringens and M. tuberculosis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

The role of polyamine depletion and accumulation of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine in the inhibition of growth of SV-3T3 cells treated with alpha-difluoromethylornithine.

The effects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine, a specific inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, on cell growth rate, polyamine content and the content of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine in SV-3T3 transformed mouse fibroblasts were studied. DL-alpha-Difluoromethylornithine at 1 mM or higher concentrations decreased the growth rate by over 90% after 2 or more days of exposure, but the cells remained viable, although quiescent for at least 9 days. Addition of 10 microM-spermidine or -spermine or 50 microM-putrescine at any time throughout this period completely reversed the inhibition of growth. Treatment with alpha-difluoromethylornithine decreased putrescine and spermidine contents by more than 98% and that of spermine by 60%, but cells exposed to exogenous polyamines did not require complete replenishment of the polyamine pools to resume growth. In fact, a virtually normal growth rate was obtained in cells lacking putrescine, having 2% of normal spermidine content and 156% of normal spermine. These results suggest that the well-known increase in putrescine and spermidine in cells stimulated for growth is not essential for this to occur and that mammalian cells can utilize spermine as their only polyamine. A substantial reversal of the growth-inhibitory effect of alpha-difluoromethylornithine was produced by a number of polyamines not normally found in mammalian cells, including the spermidine analogues aminopropylcadaverine and sym-homospermidine, which were partially converted into their respective spermine analogues by addition of an aminopropyl group within the cell. The spermine analogue sym-norspermine was also effective, but the maximal growth rate produced by these unphysiological polyamines was only 60-70% of that produced by the normal polyamines. These results indicate that spermidine and spermine have the optimal length for activation of the cellular processes critically dependent on polyamines and should help in identifying these processes. Exposure to alpha-difluoromethylornithine leads to an enormous rise in the concentration of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine, which reached a peak at 530-fold after 3 days of exposure and steadily declined to 140-fold after 11 days. This increase was abolished by addition of exogenous polyamines, which rapidly decreased the activity of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. The increase in decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine is unlikely to be solely responsible for the decrease to the same extent by spermine, sym-norspermidine and sym-homospermidine, which produce 97%, 16% and 60% of the control growth rate, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase↗
PubMed1987

Increase in S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase in SV-3T3 cells treated with S-methyl-5'-methylthioadenosine.

Treatment of SV-3T3 cells with the spermine synthase inhibitor S-methyl-5'-methylthioadenosine [AdoS+(CH3)2] led to a large increase in the activity of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) without affecting ornithine decarboxylase. The elevation of AdoMetDC activity was due to an increased amount of enzyme protein, as demonstrated by radioimmunoassay and by immunoblotting. The increase in AdoMetDC protein was caused by at least three factors: an increase in the amount of translatable mRNA, an increased translation efficiency of the mRNA and an increase in the half-life of the protein. The depletion of spermine brought about by AdoS+(CH3)2 appeared to be responsible for the increased synthesis of AdoMetDC and for part of the decrease in its rate of degradation. An additional stabilization of the enzyme protein was probably due to the binding of AdoS+(CH3)2, which is also a weak inhibitor of AdoMetDC. These results demonstrate the importance of cellular spermine concentrations in regulating the activity of AdoMetDC, which is a key enzyme controlling polyamine synthesis.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1985

The implication of bilitranslocase function in the impaired rifamycin SV metabolism in Gilbert's syndrome.

1. The plasma disappearance rate and the increment in plasma unconjugated bilirubin after intravenous administration of 5.9 mumol of rifamycin SV (RSV)/kg body wt. were investigated in 51 subjects with Gilbert's syndrome and 35 control subjects of both sexes. 2. Both the plasma disappearance rate and the unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia after RSV administration were higher (P < 0.001) in Gilbert's syndrome. Females, both normal and with the syndrome, showed a significantly shorter t1/2 and a lower hyperbilirubinaemic response as compared with males. A linear correlation (P < 0.001) was present between RSV plasma half-life and the hyperbilirubinaemic response. 3. In vitro, RSV was shown to inhibit sulphobromophthalein (BSP) uptake in rat liver plasma-membrane vesicles with a Ki of 20 mumol/l. Evidence that this effect was due to competition for bilitranslocase was sought on preparations of the purified protein. Under these experimental conditions, RSV inhibited BSP binding with a Ki of 17 mumol/l. 4. Since RSV competes with BSP for binding to bilitranslocase in vitro, the data are interpreted as suggesting that reduced bilitranslocase function might underlie the delayed RSV plasma clearance and the exacerbated unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia present in Gilbert's syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium smvA, yddG and ompD (porin) genes are required for the efficient efflux of methyl viologen.

In Gram-negative bacteria, a subset of inner membrane proteins in the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) acts as efflux pumps to decrease the intracellular concentrations of multiple toxic substrates and confers multidrug resistance. The Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium smvA gene encodes a product predicted to be an MFS protein most similar to QacA of Staphylococcus aureus. Like mutations in qacA, mutations in smvA confer increased sensitivity to methyl viologen (MV). Mutations in the adjacent ompD (porin) and yddG (drug/metabolite transporter) genes also confer increased sensitivity to MV, and mutations in smvA are epistatic to mutations in ompD or yddG for this phenotype. YddG and OmpD probably comprise a second efflux pump in which the OmpD porin acts as an outer membrane channel (OMC) protein for the efflux of MV and functions independently of the SmvA pump. In support of this idea, the pump dependent on YddG and OmpD has a different substrate specificity from the pump dependent on SmvA. Mutations in tolC, which encodes an OMC protein, confer increased resistance to MV. TolC apparently facilitates the import of MV, and a subset of OMC proteins including the OmpD porin and TolC may facilitate both import and export of distinct subsets of toxic substrates.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

The self-association of protein SV-IV and its possible functional implications.

The protein SV-IV, a major protein secreted from the rat seminal vesicle epithelium, is a basic protein with immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and procoagulant activity. Predictions suggested that this protein is very flexible, with its three tyrosyl residues presumably located in water-exposed segments of the primary structure. The solution behaviour of the protein was investigated by two types of spectroscopic techniques. Modifications of the spectral characteristics of tyrosyl residues induced by changes of protein concentration were demonstrated by absorption and fluorescence experiments. In addition, secondary structure rearrangements associated with a possible self-association equilibrium were highlighted by far-UV CD spectra. The equilibrium, confirmed by chromatographic techniques, appears to control some biological properties of the protein.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

A novel transmembrane serine/threonine protein kinase gene from a rifamycin SV-producing amycolatopsis mediterranei U32.

Genomic DNA sequencing in the vicinity of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase gene (mutAB) from a rifamycin SV-producing Amycolatopsis mediterranei U32 allowed us to clone, sequence, and identify a gene encoding a novel serine/threonine protein kinase (amk). The sequence contains a complete ORF of 1821 base pairs encoding a predicted protein of 606 amino acids in length. The N-terminal domain of the protein shows significant homology to the catalytic domain of other protein kinases from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic sources. It also contains all the structural features that are highly conserved in active protein kinases, including the Gly-X-Gly-X-X-Gly motif of ATP-binding and the essential amino acids known to be important for the recognition of the correct hydroxyamino acid in serine/threonine protein kinase. This protein kinase gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and was shown to have the ability of autophosphorylation. The autophosphorylated site was found to be the threonine at position 164 by labeled phosphoamino acid analysis and site-directed mutagenesis. The C-terminal half of protein kinase was found to contain strong transmembrane structures by PhoA fusion protein analysis, suggesting that Amk protein kinase is a transmembrane protein. A Southern hybridization experiment showed that this type of protein kinase is distributed ubiquitously and might play significant physiological roles in the various species of streptomycetes. However, overexpression of amk gene in Streptomyces cinnamonensis showed no effect on methylmalonyl-CoA mutase activity, monensin production and the hyphae morphology. Although its biological role is still unknown, Amk protein kinase is the first transmembrane serine/threonine protein kinase described for genus Amycolatopsis.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1998

Identification of a novel core type in Salmonella lipopolysaccharide. Complete structural analysis of the core region of the lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella enterica sv. Arizonae O62.

For the first time, the complete structure of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core region from Salmonella enterica has been identified that is different from the Ra core type generally thought to be present in all Salmonella LPS. The LPSs from two rough mutants and the smooth form of S. enterica sv. Arizonae IIIa O62, which all failed to react with an Ra core type-specific monoclonal antibody and were resistant to phage FO1, were analyzed after chemical modification using monosaccharide analysis, mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy. In the novel core type, the terminal D-GlcNAc residue present in the Ra core type, is replaced by a D-Glc residue. The O-specific polysaccharide is alpha1-->4-linked to the second distal Glc residue of the core. Furthermore, phosphoryl substituents attached to O-4 of L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (Hep) I and II were identified as 2-aminoethyl diphosphate (on Hep I) and phosphate (Hep II). [structure: see text] Abbreviations in Structure I are as follows: Hepp, L-glycero-D-manno-heptopyranose; Kdo, 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid; PPEA, 2-aminoethyl diphosphate; R, O-specific polysaccharide. The presence of this novel core type in LPS of S. enterica should be taken into account in the development of a general antibody-based diagnostic system for Salmonella.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗