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PubMed2001

The partnership imperative: joint working between social services and health.

This paper explores the partnership between social services and primary care, in one geographical area, in relation to five potential types of obstacle: structural; procedural; financial; professional; and status and legitimacy. It examines the theory of partnership and the Government's attitude towards it. It uses semi-structured interviews with a range of stakeholders to study partnership in practice. Finally, it highlights some of the challenges for the future.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMed2000

Ethical dilemmas in general hospitals: differential perceptions of direct practitioners and directors of social services.

Two distinct groups of social workers in general hospitals, fourteen directors of social work services and eighteen direct practitioners, were interviewed concerning their perception, ranking and resolution patterns of ethical dilemmas. The reverse order of importance and somewhat different content of ethical dilemmas identified by the two groups reflect their differential position in the hierarchy of hospitals and the difference in their experience in dealing with ethical dilemmas vis-à-vis clients. The directors tended to depend more on internal loci of authority, and were far more concerned with how to interpret and apply the relevant laws than the direct practitioners. Their decision making patterns seemed to be more virtues focused in contrast to the utilitarian and rights based focus of the direct practitioners. The findings emphasize the need for social workers' knowledge of ethical theories, rules and principles, and ethical self-knowledge. They also point out the need for written protocols of debates and/or detailed descriptions of applications of ethical decision making models to case situations in practice. The latter may provide guidelines for social workers in similar situations in the future, and at the same time be used as material for teaching and supervision.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Awareness of the new long-term care insurance system and social services for elderly care in non-medical junior college students.

The present study was conducted in order to investigate the awareness of the new long-term care insurance and social services for the elderly care among young people. Non-medical junior college students answered a self-administered questionnaire about the new long-term insurance and other related matters. The present study revealed that only a small percentage of students knew about "the new public long-term care insurance system" (13% for males and 11% for females), "care-manager" (11% and 8%), or "care-plan" (9% and 5%) in 1999, just one year before this insurance system took effect. In contrast, more than one third of the students knew about "home-help service" (41% and 47%), "long-term care institution for the elderly" (33% and 35%), and "elderly care nursing home" (33% and 36%). However, these rates were much lower than the rates among nursing students in 1998. An educational program for non-medical students should be recommended to help them to understand our rapidly aging society and to take an interest in public policies and social services for the elderly in Japan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The health and social service needs of gay and lesbian elders and their families in Canada.

PURPOSE: This article reports the findings of a study, undertaken in 2000, whose purpose was to gather information about the experiences and realities of gay and lesbian seniors and their families from across Canada in accessing a broad range of health and social services in the community, and to examine the role of health care and social service organizations in shaping access and service delivery. DESIGN AND METHODS: This study used a qualitative exploratory design based on focus group interviews. Perspectives of older gay men and lesbians and their families involved in organizations addressing these issues, as well as professionals from both gay and lesbian health organizations and mainstream elder care organizations were sought. RESULTS: Specific reference was made to the impact of discrimination on the health and access to health services of these populations. Issues relating to invisibility, historic and current barriers to care, and the nature of service options are identified. IMPLICATIONS: Recommendations for change are highlighted, including those related to best practice programs and policies in the long-term care sector.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Accountability in social service contracting: the state action doctrine and beyond.

The privatization of government services in the United States is not a new phenomenon. The growth of privatization has meant a greater role for private enterprise in the public sector. However, the privatization of social services leads inexorably to questions about where the responsibility for protecting citizen rights lies. Furthermore, as a greater number of public services are contracted out to private service providers, accountability may be redefined or de-emphasized. This study focuses on the current state of privatization and the constitutional accountability of private social service providers. It also suggests alternative methods to ensure accountability to service recipients and the public in the contracting process.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

A comparison of psychotropic drug use between the general population and clients of health and social service agencies.

The purpose of this research was to study the epidemiology of psychotropic drug use among the general population and to draw comparisons to drug use among clients of medical, mental health, and social services in the same jurisdiction. Results showed considerably higher percentages of users for all drug categories among agency clientele. Age and sex differences in drug use replicated previous research in the general population but were noticeably absent among the clients of local services. Notably, the proportion of long-term daily users of minor tranquilizers in the agency population was about three times that of the general population. However, tranquilizer users in the two populations were similar in many respects. Results of the study are discussed in terms of the need for screening for persons with psychotropic drug problems in health and social services.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The prevalence of learning disability in a Health and Social Services Board in Northern Ireland.

The Southern Health and Social Services Board is one of four in the province and encompasses three administrative areas. The survey included ascertained mild cases of learning disability, and both ascertained and unascertained individuals functioning at levels below IQ 50. The prevalence of mild learning disability is within the limits reported in the literature and is discussed in the context of the 'new morbidity'. However, the rates of severe learning disability (IQ < 50) in all three areas are high--between 7.9 and 10.2 per 1000 in the 15-19-years-old age group--and confirm the findings of an earlier survey. Half of all cases live at home in 'intact' families. In families with a sole carer, the mother is seven times more likely to fill the role than the father.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

AIDS training and social services.

To be effective, AIDS training must be based on an understanding of the specific requirements of participants. Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour concerning AIDS have been investigated among the general public and a variety of health care professionals, but the needs of Social Services Department personnel have not been directly addressed. This study looked at the relationships between the information possessed by a sample of social work teams, their attitudes, predicted behaviour and self-rated anxiety concerning AIDS. The purpose was to facilitate the planning of an AIDS training course. Results showed significant associations between the possession of more information, positive attitudes, appropriate predicted behaviour, lower self-rated anxiety and social work qualification. Younger people were more likely to be well informed, hold positive attitudes and display appropriate predicted behaviour. The implications for AIDS training for Social Services Department personnel are discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Social services: the Navajo way.

The development of child welfare services in Indian Country followed enactment of the 1975 Indian Education and Self-Determination Act and the 1978 Indian Child Welfare Act. These acts allow tribal contracting with the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) to provide social services. Because the BIA model has not fit well with Navajo needs, the Navajo Nation Division of Social Services is creating a more holistic case management paradigm for child and family services, which is more congruent with its culture and its rural, sparsely populated land.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Health and social services for children with neuromuscular diseases].

BACKGROUND: Information from parents of children with neuromuscular diseases and from the children 16 years later is used to discuss specialist medical care towards this group in view of new treatment possibilities and the Norwegian health and social service reforms over the same period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Parents of 100 children with neuromuscular disease were interviewed in 1981 about their children's health and their use of health and social services. The interviews were repeated in 1997 with 58 of 68 children still living. RESULTS: A comparison of the sets of information from 1981 and 1997 shows the progression of disease and current marital status of the informers. In 1997 we found that compared with findings from 1981, they had closer contact with local health services and less contact with specialised medicine. INTERPRETATION: Our findings suggest that treatment programmes and better coordination of specialist medical follow-up are needed for people with neuromuscular diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Zero-based budgeting: implications for social services?

It is now fact that there is a commitment to the implementation of Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB) at the federal level. In all likelihood, the adoption of the zero-based approach will have unique implications for the administration and administrators of social service agencies. The following article explores the impetus behind budgetary reform, with a primary focus on the current appeal of ZBB. The author strongly suggests that there are similarities between the now passé Planning, Programming, and Budgeting System and ZBB that permit inferences about any implementation difficulties that ZBB may experience. It is further suggested that ZBB will present social workers with situations and opportunities that will severely challenge many on their current approaches to social service administration.

Budgets↗
PubMed1982

Declining public social service resources: a managerial problem.

Declining budget conditions in many social service settings suggest that education must provide future graduates with very different managerial skills. When human service organizations are perceived as evolving political structures, populated with a variety of individuals who represent diverse values and claims, resource scarcity often results in growing conflict and a preoccupation with individual and subunit survival. This changing organizational context will require increasing political skill on the part of managers as well as an ability to harmonize new approaches with prior service values in achieving consensus around solutions to service delivery problems.

Budgets↗
PubMed2006

The "geography" of child maltreatment in Israel: Findings from a national data set of cases reported to the social services.

OBJECTIVES: This article examines the "geography" of reported cases of child maltreatment in Israel by determining its frequency and rates according to nationality, area of residence, and size and type of locality. METHOD: The study collected data at the local level in Israel based on reports to social services of cases of child maltreatment during 2000; locality is the unit of analysis. RESULTS: The rate of reported cases of child maltreatment was 17.8 per 1,000 children in Israel in 2000. The rates varied, however, among different localities. They were lower in Arab localities (9 per 1,000 children) than in the Jewish ones (20 per 1,000), higher in large cities and other socioeconomic affluent localities (19 per 1,000), and varied according to the geographic area. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates considerable variation in rates of reported cases of child maltreatment by locality and by population makeup. Thus, to fulfill the Israeli legislation of mandatory reporting of any reasonable suspicion of child maltreatment, the state should better develop policies and services that encourage reporting of child maltreatment among the Arab and ultraorthodox populations and in smaller or socioeconomic disadvantaged localities. Furthermore, the social services must build a bridge to the minority populations in Israel, developing their trust in these services and increasing their propensity to use them.

Adolescent↗