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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Cylinder wakes in flowing soap films.

We present an experimental characterization of cylinder wakes in flowing soap films. From instantaneous velocity and thickness fields, we find the vortex-shedding frequency, mean-flow velocity, and mean-film thickness. Using the empirical relationship between the Reynolds and Strouhal numbers obtained for cylinder wakes in three dimensions, we estimate the effective soap-film viscosity and its dependence on film thickness. We also compare the decay of vorticity with that in a simple Rankine vortex model with a dissipative term to account for air drag.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Cluster persistence of two-dimensional soap froth.

We report on the persistence decay of cell clusters in dynamical simulation of two-dimensional soap-froth as a function of the cluster volume fraction. Both slow gas diffusion and fast dynamical topological processes between cells are incorporated in the simulation. While the simulation yields decay rate in good agreement with two-dimensional soap-froth experiment, it shows a faster decay in comparison to measurements and calculations of persistence in other curvature-driven systems. The fraction of individual cells that contain persistent area also decays due to significant cell movements, confirming that the neighbor swapping T1 topological transition is important in froth coarsening.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with an antiseptic soap and nasal mupirocin among colonized patients--an open uncontrolled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Aim of the study was to determine the clinical efficacy of a new antiseptic liquid soap (Stellisept scrub), based on the combination of undecylenamidopropyltrimonium methosulphate (4%) and phenoxyethanol (2%), for eradication of MRSA among colonized patients who do not receive antibiotic therapy. METHODS: Over two years 50 MRSA patients in 6 hospitals were observed. Treatment was defined as the daily application of Stellisept scrub for the antiseptic body and hair wash (at least 60 s) in combination with nasal mupirocin. A treatment cycle was a minimum of 5 days treatment. Screening was carried out at least 48 h after the treatment cycle was finished, with 24 h between each of the requested three or more samplings, which included the nasopharynx, groin, axilla, perineum and other MRSA-positive skin areas. RESULTS: Fifteen cases were retrospectively excluded (lack of outcome documentation, concomitant antibiotic therapy, open wounds). All 35 patients had colonization with MRSA before antiseptic treatment on the skin, in the groin (80%), the axilla (25.7%), the perineum (20%) or other skin areas (14.3%). Colonization at more than one skin sites was found in 34.3%. Nasal colonization was found in 21 of 28 patients (75%), 7 patients were without nasal screening prior to the antiseptic treatment. After one treatment cycle MRSA was eradicated in 25 patients (71.4%), after a second cycle the total eradication rate was 91.4%, after a third cycle the rate increased to 94.2%. No patient discontinued the antiseptic treatment due to dermal intolerance of the product. CONCLUSIONS: Progressive eradication of MRSA carriage was observed with the antiseptic soap and mupirocin. The eradication rate was not biased by concomitant antibiotic treatment, screening during treatment or lack of evidence for colonization in contrast to other studies with other preparations.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Standardized medical record: a new outpatient osteopathic SOAP note form: validation of a standardized office form against physician's progress notes.

The accuracy and efficiency of recording information on a one-page standardized Outpatient Osteopathic SOAP Note Form (SNF) was compared with that obtained using the physician's progress notes (PPN). Use of the SNF in lieu of the PPN would assure the physician that proper clinical data were recorded to ensure proof of need and care in any instances of refused reimbursement. Moreover, standardized SNFs could be used to document and analyze present treatment protocols, enabling medical advances. Ten osteopathic physicians, who were skilled in osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT), enrolled 300 patients. Initial and follow-up examinations totaled 959 visits (statistical cases); 76 statistical variables were compared. Essentially all information recorded in the PPN was recorded on the SNF. A significant difference (P < .05) was found between the PPN data set and the SNF data set in all but 17 of the 76 variables. Greater content of information almost always was found with the SNF data set. In addition, the SNF contained information not found in the PPN, most notably the severity and response to treatment of detected somatic dysfunctions. Participating physicians stated that the SNF takes about the same amount of time to fill in as the PPN. This makes the SNF a practical instrument for accurately and efficiently obtaining patient data in all physicians' offices. The validation study conducted demonstrated that the Outpatient Osteopathic SOAP Note Form easily and accurately reflected information recorded in the PPN and that data recorded may be used by physicians in their individual practices or for the conduct of osteopathic research.

Data Collection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of soap operas in nurse education.

Storylines about health issues are common in non-medical soap operas. It is not clear whether they are included primarily for their dramatic value, or if there is an intention to raise awareness of a particular health issue. The aim of this article is to provide a rationale for the use of soap operas in the classroom and, whether intentional or otherwise, how the issues raised can be used specifically in the education of nurses.

Drama↗
PubMed2000

Use of a computer-assisted clinical case (CACC) SOAP note exercise to assess students' application of osteopathic principles and practice.

Osteopathic medical students are future osteopathic physicians, and how they view the manipulative aspect of patient care will have an effect on the distinctiveness of osteopathic medicine. To encourage students' application of osteopathic principles and practice, a Web-based computer-assisted clinical case (CACC) was designed, for which students were required to submit a SOAP (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan) note. Results from the CACC-SOAP note exercise indicate that the experience engages medical students and can determine the students' abilities to recognize osteopathic principles in patient care.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed2000

Healthy life expectancy of Thai elderly: did it improve during the soap-bubble economic period?

Healthy life expectancy (HLE) of Thai elderly was studied to clarify the health benefit for the elderly population in Thailand during the soap-bubble economic period by comparing their HLE and life expectancy (LE) in 1986 and 1995. The information on the perceived health status of Thai elderly, aged 60 and over, from two national surveys in 1986 and 1995 and the life tables of correspondent years were used for calculating healthy life expectancy. Both life expectancy (LE) and healthy life expectancy (HLE) of Thai elderly have markedly increased between 1986 and 1995. Regardless of sex, the HLE-LE ratios of nearly all age groups increased from 1986 to 1995. This suggests that the unhealthy life duration had been compressed. Women spend more years than men both active and inactive at every age; however, the proportion of life that is expected to be active is less for women. In conclusion, health and well-being of Thai elderly population significantly improved during the soap-bubble economic period (1989-1996) of Thailand.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Soap gets in your eyes.

We present a previously unreported series of five cases of acute angle closure glaucoma associated with watching the Australia soap opera "Neighbours". Two cases were bilateral and associated with watching two episodes of "Neighbours" on the same day. The pathogenesis, and possible role of watching soap operas in the causation of primary angle closure glaucoma is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Outpatient Osteopathic SOAP Note Form: preliminary results in osteopathic outcomes-based research.

One of the persistent challenges facing the osteopathic medical profession has been the lack of a reliable, easy-to-use, validated system for recording, collecting, and evaluating clinical findings in a format that is suitable for long-term data collection. As a result of the recent emphasis on outcomes-based research in the field of medicine, the creation and use of a standardized tool for the osteopathic profession has been pursued with increased urgency. In this study, the authors used participant-completed and previously validated Outpatient Osteopathic SOAP (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan) Note Forms (SNFs) and Outpatient Osteopathic SOAP (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan) Note--Follow-up Forms to obtain answers to 17 outcomes-based questions that the profession must address to meet the new challenges and demands of outcomes-based research. A consortium of 10 osteopathic physicians and 196 osteopathic residents and undergraduate fellows submitted a total of 3908 patient SNFs for analysis. Answers to these 17 questions were computed using appropriate statistical determinants (eg, frequencies, correlations). Retrospective analysis indicated that, in addition to the outcomes addressed in this study, use of the SNF could be extended to the following functions: pre- and postdoctoral tracking, outcomes research into the efficacy of osteopathic intervention, medical science research, autonomic correlation with disease entities, etiology of musculoskeletal dysfunction, billing information, and internal comparison studies between osteopathic physicians. A long-term goal of the SNF project is to create an electronic national database for osteopathic outcomes-based research.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1990

[A pilot test of the efficacy of a povidone-iodine-based surgical soap].

A PVP-iodine containing surgical soap (low-iodine) was tested by 20 volunteers (14 women and 6 men) under conditions usually present in surgical clinics. The results proved the efficacy of this soap, as its usage entails a significant decrease in the number of germs. Two of the volunteers presented diverging results. The results of that study, confirmed by other studies, are interpreted and discussed.

Disinfectants↗
PubMed1997

Television and the reflexive project of the self: soaps, teenage talk and hybrid identities.

The purpose of this paper is to report on qualitative research into the role of television soap opera as a resource employed by teenagers in identity work. The central methodological strategy has been to enable young people to do the research themselves. Twenty groups of young people (aged 14-15) were recruited to talk about soap opera without an adult presence. The stress in the paper is on the formative nature of language in lending form to ourselves from the disorderly flow of everyday talk and practice. I argue that the girls construct reflexive identities in two grammatical forms. Identities are instanciated in the flow of language as well as in the self-narrative of 'I'. I am centrally concerned with the production of multiple, hybrid identities amongst British Asian girls. They see themselves as Asian yet distance themselves from aspects of tradition by virtue of their participation in other domains of British culture. They are both in and out of British society and Asian culture. These identities are complicated by gender relations so that ethnic and gender identities 'cross-cut or dislocate each other'.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The properties of covalently immobilized trypsin on soap-free P(MMA-EA-AA) latex particles.

The covalent immobilization of trypsin onto poly[(methyl methacrylate)-co-(ethyl acrylate)-co-(acrylic acid)] latex particles, produced by a soap-free emulsion polymerization technique, was carried out using the carbodiimide method. The catalytic properties and kinetic parameters, as well as the stability of the immobilized enzyme were compared to those of the free enzyme. Results showed that the optimum temperature and pH for the immobilized trypsin in the hydrolysis of casein were 55 degrees C and 8.5, both of which were higher than that of the free form. It was found that K(m) (Michaelis constant) was 45.7 mg . ml(-1) and V(max) (maximal reaction rate) was 793.0 microg . min(-1) for immobilized trypsin, compared to a K(m) of 30.0 mg . ml(-1) and a V(max) of 5 467.5 microg . min(-1) for free trypsin. The immobilized trypsin exhibited much better thermal and chemical stabilities than its free counterpart and maintained over 63% of its initial activity after reusing ten times.

Enzymes, Immobilized↗
PubMed1990

Production of exopolysaccharides by Acinetobacter strains in a controlled fed-batch fermentation process using soap stock oil (SSO) as carbon source.

The production of two extracellular capsular heteropolysaccharides by two different Acinetobacter strains has been studied in separate controlled fermentation processes with a view to their industrial applications as specific dispersing agents. The first, emulsan, is an extracellular polyanionic amphipathic heteropolysaccharide (MW 10(6) D) made by A. calcoaceticus RAG-1. It forms and stabilizes oil in water emulsions. The other, biodispersan (PS-A2), is another extracellular zwitterionic heteropolysaccharide (MW 51 kD) made by A. calcoaceticus A2. This polysaccharide disperses big solid limestone granules forming micron-size water suspension. Both polysaccharides are synthesized within the cells, exported to their outer surface to form an extracellular cell-associated capsule and released subsequently into the growth medium. The polymers were produced in a computer-controlled fed-batch intensively aerated fermentation process. A commercially available and cheap fatty acids mixture (soap stock oil) served as the carbon source, and was fed in coordination with the required nitrogen. The coordinated feed of carbon and nitrogen was operated on the basis of two metabolic correlations: The first correlation related the cell protein produced and the ammonium nitrogen consumed with the outcoming coeffients of 24 and 21 mM NH3/g protein for the emulsan and the biodispersan fermentations respectively. The second correlation linked the consumption of the fatty acids with that of the nitrogen source dictating the appropriate C/N ratio of the feed into the operating fermentor. These ratios were 7.7 g C/g N for the emulsan fermentation and 8.5 gC/g N in the case of the biodispersan production process.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1983

A comparison of pre-operative bathing with chlorhexidine-detergent and non-medicated soap in the prevention of wound infection.

In a 60-week cross-over study on 5536 patients in 20 wards of three city hospitals (two general and one orthopaedic), pre-operative bathing with chlorhexidine-detergent failed to influence the incidence of postoperative infection, in spite of the relatively high incidence of infection with skin organisms. Of the patients bathing pre-operatively with chlorhexidine-detergent, 5.4 per cent subsequently became infected (4.0 per cent of clean wounds) and of those bathing with unmedicated soap 4.9 per cent (3.5 per cent of clean wounds). A single pre-operative bath with chlorhexidine-detergent would, therefore, appear to be of dubious value in preventing postoperative wound infection.

Baths↗
PubMed1988

Effect of chlorhexidine-containing detergent, non-medicated soap or isopropanol and the influence of neutralizer on bacterial pathogenicity.

In handwashing experiments with Salmonella typhimurium the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) on the pathogenicity of surviving bacteria was assessed with and without a neutralizer in a mouse model of infection. Without neutralizer the LD50 of CHX handwash fluids was raised. Neutralizer in suspensions of untreated bacteria caused a reduction of LD50 up to 1.2 logs. Thus, in contrast to soap or alcohol, CHX without neutralizer exerted a slight 'depathogenizing' action and neutralizer a slight 'pathogenizing' effect in the experimental model used. However, in comparison to the efficiency of handwashing procedures which reduce the number of bacteria available for transfer by at least 3.0 to 4.2 logs, the size of these effects seems to be negligibly small and unpredictable. Therefore, the single most important parameter in assessing the potency of disinfectants remains the reduction of viable counts with time.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed1989

An in-use comparison of chlorhexidine gluconate 4% w/v, glycol-poly-siloxane plus methylcellulose and a liquid soap in a special care baby unit.

The effectiveness and harshness of three hand-wash agents, chlorhexidine gluconate 4%, glycol-poly-siloxane gel and a bland liquid soap were studied in-use in a Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU). Each product was used for consecutive 2-week periods by the same groups of 8 health care workers among the 56 in the SCBU. The first group had normal skin, the second had 'sensitive skin' and the third group were known MRSA nasal carriers. Blood agar and methicillin mannitol salt agar were inoculated before and after hand washing and differences in colony counts calculated. Nursing activities before washing were graded from clean to dirty on an eight-point scale and correlated with before-wash colony counts. Product acceptability was assessed with a self-reporting questionnaire. Chlorhexidine was the most effective product in reducing skin microflora but users preferred to wash with the gel preparation. The sensitive-skin group achieved the best effects from washing, irrespective of the product used. Nasal carriers of MRSA recorded the lowest reduction levels of methicillin-resistant organisms but achieved the same reduction levels as the normal-skin group for other microflora. No relationship could be established between the pre-wash activity and the pre-wash colony count. The weekly MRSA colonization rate in neonates on the SCBU remained unaffected by any of the products tested.

Chlorhexidine↗
PubMed1990

A comparison of the effect of chlorhexidine antisepsis, soap and antibiotics on bacteriuria, perineal colonization and environmental contamination in spinally injured patients.

The effect of chlorhexidine antisepsis on bacteriuria, perineal colonization by coliforms and environmental contamination by these organisms was investigated in spinally injured patients treated by intermittent catheterization. Patients were body washed daily in chlorhexidine and chlorhexidine cream was applied to the glans penis after each catheterization. Urine cultures were obtained each day. A statistically significant reduction in bacteriuria was achieved by antisepsis in male patients not receiving antibiotics, from 74% of urine cultures in patients receiving soap to 60% with antisepsis (P less than 0.01). No effect of antisepsis was found on perineal coliform colonization, nor on contamination of bed sheets or the environment by these organisms. There was a significant reduction in perineal coliforms by antibiotics.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

The role of soap and nutrition in producing human diseases I.

Direct clinical observation gives insight to the hypothesis of daily soaping by humans as the cause of arteriosclerosis. The constant resupply to sebaceous glands by hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and lipid compounds raises plasma concentrations and accordingly these compounds plaque out of suspension onto arteriolar intimal surfaces.

Arteriosclerosis↗