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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Non-clinical factors associated with variation in cataract surgery waiting times in Manitoba.

Cataract surgery is the highest-volume surgical procedure in Canada, with over 200,000 performed annually, mostly (85%) on persons aged 65 or older. Concerns have been raised about wait times to access this procedure. This study explores the relationship between waiting times for cataract surgery in Manitoba and a variety of characteristics, including age, sex, socio-economic status, region of residence, health status, surgeon, and surgeon's caseload. The study included 6114 individuals who had first-eye cataract surgery between November 1, 1998, and March 31, 2000, in Winnipeg, MB. Significant predictors of variation in wait times were age, sex, having a hospitalization while waiting, and surgeon. The model explained 32.5 per cent of the variance in wait times; specific surgeon independently explained 29.5 per cent of the variance. Median waiting times varied widely by surgeon, ranging from 61 to 399 days. Differences in surgeons' expected wait times should be available to patients and referring clinicians.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[The effect of environmental factors in inflammatory bowel disease].

In an attempt to elicit risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease in Spain, we have carried out a case-control study in which we conducted personal interviews asking marital status, place of residence, economic status, use of tobacco and contraceptives, and the method of lactation in infancy. IBD was more common in patients with a low economic level; UC was predominantly found in rural population. No differences were found in the remaining categories. Our results differ from those reported from North and Central Europe.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characteristics of the radio-ecologic situation in the area of Totsk nuclear explosion and the immune status of schoolchildren residing in the vicinity].

Environmental pollution caused by radioactive and non-radioactive chemicals, and the immunity of schoolchildren who reside in the area exposed to the Totsk nuclear explosion (1954) are comparatively analyzed. The results indicate that the area under study has higher levels of 137Cs than that of a control area. There were immunological changes in children, which are obviously associated with the nuclear explosion.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship between housing conditions and health status of rooming house residents in Toronto.

BACKGROUND: Rooming houses are an important source of housing for low-income Canadians. Little information is available on the relationship between housing conditions and health status in this vulnerable population. METHODS: Interviews were conducted with a representative sample of 295 residents in 171 rooming houses in Toronto. Health status was assessed using the SF-36. The physical attractiveness of each rooming house was rated using the Multiphasic Environmental Assessment Procedure. Associations between the health status of residents and the physical attractiveness and organizational characteristics of rooming houses were examined. RESULTS: Rooming house residents aged 35 years and older had significantly poorer health status than their counterparts in the Canadian general population. Eight of the ten dimensions of individual health status assessed by the SF-36 were significantly correlated with the physical attractiveness of the rooming house in which the individual lived. However, there was no significant association between residents' health status and the rooming house's non-profit status, provision of meals, or the presence of an on-site landlord. CONCLUSIONS: Rooming house residents suffer from a high prevalence of ill health. Residents reporting worst health are concentrated in rooming houses in the poorest physical condition. This relationship may be mediated by selection processes that place the sickest individuals in the lowest-quality rooming houses, and/or by a direct effect of adverse housing conditions on health status. Further research is needed to elucidate these processes and to improve the health of this vulnerable population.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Resident training in breast imaging in Canada: current status.

The authors evaluated the current status of resident training in breast imaging in Canada to provide baseline data for guidelines on the amount and the nature of training necessary. Information was obtained, by means of a questionnaire or a telephone interview, from the directors of all 16 radiology residency programs and the 58 radiology residents in their final year at the time of the study. All programs offer training in breast imaging; the training is mandatory in 11 (69%) and elective in 5 (31%). Of the 58 residents, 52 had had some training in breast imaging at the time of the study. Of these, 24 (46%) had spent a period averaging 3.9 weeks exclusively on breast imaging. Forty-one percent of residents felt that the duration of their breast imaging training was too short, and 35% felt that they could not practise mammography independently after their rotation. The authors found that training in breast imaging across the country is highly variable. Although this training is being upgraded in many programs, deficiencies remain. Guidelines are needed to ensure a minimum standard for training in breast imaging.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1991

Elderly support and intergenerational transfer in Zimbabwe: an analysis by gender, marital status, and place of residence.

This paper describes elderly support and intergenerational transfer by gender, marital status, and place of residence for 150 elderly persons in Zimbabwe. The survey was conducted in September 1988, and includes information on background characteristics, income, and cash support from all sources, noncash support, and the support of elders to others. Conclusions and implications are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Are continuity clinic patients less satisfied when the resident is postcall?

Due to recent public debate and newly imposed resident work hour restrictions, we decided to investigate the relationship of resident call status to their ambulatory patients' satisfaction. Resident continuity clinic patients were asked to rate their level of satisfaction on a 10-point Likert-type scale. Using multiple regression approaches, these data were then assessed as a function of resident call status. We found that in 646 patient encounters, patient satisfaction scores were significantly less when the resident was postcall, 8.99 +/- 1.8, than when not postcall, 9.31 +/- 1.3. We herein discuss etiologies and implications of these findings for both patient care and medical education.

Continuity of Patient Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Functional health status of relocated nursing home residents.

This article presents the functional health status results of 49 nursing home residents who were involuntarily relocated from one institution to another. The purpose of the study was to determine whether there would be pre- to postmove changes in health status. Nursing personnel on both the day and evening shifts completed separate assessments of the residents' functional health status using the Long-Term Health Care Minimum Data Set instrument. These assessments were completed 2 to 3 months before and 3 to 4 months after the move. The interrater reliability was high; overall day-evening agreement was 82 percent. After the move, only receptive communication was rated higher; dressing, transferring, using the toilet, continence, and mobility were rated lower. Six functional activities showed no significant changes. Relocation does not appear to have a uniformly negative impact on functional status.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1999

Marital status, dementia and institutional residence among elderly Canadians: the Canadian Study of Health and Aging.

The association between marital status and mortality is well known; marital status has also been related to morbidity. In this paper, we examine the importance of marital status in relation to the presence or absence of dementia and to institutional residence, using data from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Three groups are compared: married, single and previously married. We show that the age-standardized prevalence of dementia and the proportions of elderly Canadians living in institutions with and without dementia are highest among single people and are also high for those who were previously married. These associations hold true for both women and men, but the relation between marital status and institutionalization is much stronger for men. Possible explanations and implications for the future care of the elderly are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

The changing selenium status of New Zealand residents.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper was to compile all the studies of selenium status carried out in Otago and in other areas of New Zealand in order to follow the history of selenium status in New Zealand residents over the last 20 years. DESIGN: Since 1970 baseline blood samples have been collected from several groups of healthy adult subjects, either for the assessment of Se status or to determine baseline Se levels as part of a number of other studies. A comparison has been made of selenium concentrations recorded in recent published and unpublished studies with earlier studies by the Otago research group, and also those by other groups in New Zealand. SETTING: Otago and other New Zealand centres. RESULTS: Blood selenium concentrations of Otago residents were consistently low from 1972 until 1988 at around 0.77 mumol/l, apart from a temporary increase in 1985, and then rose to reach 1.03 mumol/l in 1991 and 1.19 mumol/l in 1992-3. Blood selenium status reflected changes in the importation of Australian wheat. Correlations between selenium and glutathione peroxidase in whole blood and plasma were consistently high prior to 1989, but were no longer significant from 1990. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of a correlation between selenium and glutathione peroxidase in bloods collected after 1990 indicates that at least for glutathione peroxidase, the selenium intake of New Zealanders is now close to that required for saturation. Whether this is sufficient to meet the requirements for other functional selenoproteins or for a possible cancer prevention effect remains to be determined.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Independent effects of socioeconomic status and place of residence on the incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes in Western Australia.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence of type 1 diabetes in 0- to 14-year olds in Western Australia, from 1985 to 2002, by region and socioeconomic status. METHODS: Primary case ascertainment was from the prospective population-based Western Australian Diabetes Register, and secondary case ascertainment was from the Western Australian Hospital Morbidity Data System. The address at diagnosis was used to categorize cases into urban, rural and remote areas and into five socioeconomic groups using the Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage. Denominator data were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Poisson regression was used to analyze the incidence rates by area and socioeconomic status. RESULTS: There were a total of 1143 cases (904 urban, 190 rural and 49 remote). Case ascertainment was estimated to be 99.8% complete. The mean annual age-standardized incidence from 1985 to 2002 was 18.1 per 100,000 person years in urban (95% CI: 16.3-19.9), 14.3 per 100,000 in rural (95% CI: 11.4-7.3) and 8.0 per 100,000 in remote areas (95% CI: 5.8-10.3). The incidence was significantly higher in urban compared with rural (rate ratio 1.27, p = 0.001) and remote (rate ratio 2.28, p < 0.001) areas. The incidence increased with higher socioeconomic status. The incidence in the highest socioeconomic group was 56% greater than the lowest socioeconomic group (rate ratio 1.56, p < 0.001). These differences in incidence by socioeconomic status and region were independent of each other. CONCLUSIONS: Higher socioeconomic status and residence in the urban area are independently associated with an increased risk of childhood type 1 diabetes in Western Australia.

Adolescent↗