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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Delayed cranial neuropathy after neurosurgery caused by herpes simplex virus reactivation: report of three cases.

BACKGROUND: Delayed cranial neuropathy is an uncommon complication of neurosurgical interventions of which the exact etiology is uncertain. Several authors have hypothesized that reactivation of herpesviruses may play a role. CASE DESCRIPTIONS: The first patient underwent microvascular decompression of the left facial nerve because of hemifacial spasm. Nine days postoperatively, he developed severe facial weakness on the ipsilateral side. The polymerase chain reaction for herpes simplex virus (HSV) was positive in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Treatment with intravenous acyclovir was initiated, after which a rapid and marked improvement was observed. The second patient developed left-sided facial numbness 20 days after microvascular decompression of the left facial nerve. The polymerase chain reaction for HSV was positive in the CSF. Treatment with intravenous acyclovir resulted in full recovery. The third patient underwent a suboccipital craniectomy with excision of a meningioma located at the left petrosal apex. Three months postoperatively, she developed multiple cranial neuropathies (involving cranial nerves V, VI, VIII, and XII). This was accompanied by serologic evidence of HSV reactivation and a positive polymerase chain reaction for HSV in the CSF. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous acyclovir. CONCLUSIONS: The 3 reported cases provide evidence that delayed postoperative cranial neuropathy can be caused by HSV reactivation and can involve multiple cranial nerves. An increased awareness of this treatable postoperative complication is warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The risk for otolaryngologists who treat patients with AIDS and AIDS virus infection: report of an in-process study.

The risk of contracting acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a concern to otolaryngologists and other health care workers. Failure to appreciate this valid concern is dangerous, but overestimating it may be equally injurious to the delivery of good patient care. We review the data on antibody titers and recovery of cultured virus in blood, saliva, middle ear fluid, cerumen, tears, and nasal mucous. We also report the initial findings of a prospective study of otolaryngologists at the San Francisco General Hospital. It appears that the risk of transmission of AIDS is low and can be minimized by sound infection control measures similar to those for hepatitis B.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2004

Dynamics of HIV-1 recombination in its natural target cells.

Genetic recombination is believed to assist HIV-1 diversification and escape from host immunity and antiviral therapies, yet this process remains largely unexamined within the natural target-cell populations. We developed a method for measuring HIV-1 recombination directly that employs reporter viruses bearing functional enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) genes in which recombination produces a modified GFP gene and GFP fluorescence in the infected cells. These reporter viruses allow simultaneous quantification of the dynamics of HIV-1 infection, coinfection, and recombination in cell culture and in animal models by flow-cytometric analysis. Multiround infection assays revealed that productive cellular coinfection was subject to little functional inhibition. As a result, generation of recombinants proceeded according to the square of the infection rate during HIV-1 replication in T lymphocytes and within human thymic grafts in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID)-hu (Thy/Liv) mice. These results suggest that increases in viral load may confer a compounding risk of virus escape by means of recombinational diversification. A single round of replication in T lymphocytes in culture generated an average of nine recombination events per virus, and infection of macrophages led to approximately 30 crossover events, making HIV-1 up to an order of magnitude more recombinogenic than recognized previously and demonstrating that the infected cell exerts a profound influence on the frequency of recombination.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Mitral valve vegetation and cerebral emboli in a primary antiphospholipid syndrome patient who had hepatitis C virus infection: report of a case and review of the literature.

We report the case of 36-year-old woman who came to us with a history of recurrent miscarriages and who was later diagnosed as having primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The patient was referred to us with generalised seizures; cranial MRI revealed multiple embolic infarcts in both frontal lobes and a focal cortical infarct in the left frontoparietal lobe. Her echocardiography showed mitral valve vegetation and insufficiency. The patient was put on oral anticoagulant therapy and during her 8-month follow-up period no thrombotic events occurred. We report this case because it was the first in which PAPS, valvular disease, a cerebral embolic event and HCV infection were coexistent in the same patient. We also review other cases in which there was valvular vegetation and a cerebral ischaemic event associated with PAPS.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of tests for heterophile antibodies with a test for specific IgM-antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus. Brief report.

Seventy serum samples from 54 patients with clinically suspected infectious mononucleosis were examined, using the Paul-Bunnell-Davidsohn test, a rapid slide test and an ELISA for the detection of IgM antibodies against the viral capsid antigen (VCA) of Epstein-Barr virus. The ELISA technique was the most sensitive, detecting IgM in 29 sera, whereas only 19 sera were positive in the Paul-Bunnell-Davidsohn test (titre greater than or equal to 64). However, using a titre of greater than or equal to 32 as a diagnostic level, the number of positive sera was 23, the same as for the rapid slide test. There was a high agreement (91%) between the heterophile antibodies tests and the VCA-IgM ELISA. The Paul-Bunnell-Davidsohn test still holds a place in the serologic diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis, but sera should always be tested for VCA-IgM in cases of heterophile antibodies negative mononucleosis.

Antibodies, Heterophile↗