Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Rehydration Solutions”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

A randomised, double-blind clinical trial of a maltodextrin containing oral rehydration solution in acute infantile diarrhoea.

We compared the efficacy of a maltodextrin containing oral rehydration salts (ORS) solution with that of the WHO recommended glucose-ORS solution in a double blind randomized study of treating 69 children (33 in experimental group; 36 in control group) aged 4-36 months with acute diarrhoea causing mild to moderate dehydration. Both the groups of children were similar in initial clinical characteristics and received only ORS solutions. No significant differences in stool output (median 88.0, range 34-320 g/kg body wt. in experiment vs 75.0, 25-410 g/kg in control), intake of ORS solution (125.0, 58-360 ml/kg body wt. vs 154, 130-250 ml/kg), and duration of recovery from diarrhoea (2.0 d, range 1-6 vs 2.0 d, 1-9) were found between the groups. The haematocrit and serum electrolyte values in the two groups 24 hours after starting treatment were also similar. The results suggest that the ORS containing maltodextrin (50 g/l) in place of glucose has no advantage over WHO-ORS in correcting mild to moderate dehydration of children with acute diarrhoea.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1995

The presence of bicarbonate in oral rehydration solution does not influence fluid absorption in cholera.

BACKGROUND: On the basis of human perfusion studies it has been speculated that bicarbonate ions in oral rehydration salt solutions (ORS) to treat diarrhoea are more efficiently absorbed from the small bowel. We evaluated the role of bicarbonate in ORS by using a reduced purging rate in cholera as a proxy indicator for absorption efficiency in cholera-like severe diarrhoea. METHODS: In a double-blind randomized trial 60 patients received standard ORS containing bicarbonate or an identical solution except that sodium bicarbonate was replaced by an equimolar amount of sodium chloride (sodium, 90 mmol/l; potassium, 20 mmol/l; chloride, 80 mmol/l; bicarbonate, 30 mmol/l; glucose, 111 mmol/l; and osmolality, 331 mmol/l) after initial intravenous rehydration to correct initial dehydration and shock and until diarrhoea ceased. RESULTS: Five patients receiving standard ORS and eight receiving bicarbonate-free ORS required unscheduled intravenous therapy for recurrence of severe dehydration in spite of receiving ORS solution. ORS intake and purging rate, in ml/kg body weight/day, both including and excluding stool output during unscheduled intravenous therapy are closely similar in the two treatment groups. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that bicarbonate-containing ORS solution does not have any clinically significant effect on the absorption efficiency of ORS, either beneficial or adverse, and its use is relevant only for correction of metabolic acidosis of diarrhoeal dehydration.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Oral hydration of diarrhoeal dehydration. Comparison of high and low sodium concentration in rehydration solutions.

Oral hydration of diarrhoeal dehydration. Acta Paediatr Scand, 72:167, 1983.--Two groups of infants aged 2 to 20 months with moderate to severe dehydration were randomly assigned to either sucrose high sodium (90 mEq/l) or sucrose low sodium (58 mEq/l) solution in a double blind manner. Rehydration was assessed on clinical grounds and confirmed by serial determination of body weight, hematocrit, total serum protein and blood urea nitrogen. Twenty (80%) of 25 patients on sucrose high sodium solution and 20 (77%) of 26 patients on sucrose low sodium solution were successfully hydrated. Only the assigned sucrose-electrolyte solution was given during the average rehydration period of about 7 hours when the serum electrolytes were remeasured. Three patients on high sodium solution developed mild hypernatremia. Slight hyponatremia was encountered in 2 patients on low sodium solution. Purging rate was significantly higher in patients who failed as compared to those who succeeded. The results of this study suggest that oral sugar electrolyte solution with sodium concentration of 90 mEq/l is safe and effective in the majority of infants with diarrhoeal dehydration of diverse causes. However, intravenous fluids must be available particularly for those with a high purging rate as a significant number of them may fail.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

Acceptability of rice-based and flavoured glucose-based oral rehydration solutions: a randomized controlled trial.

The acceptability of prepackaged rice-based (Oresol-R) and flavoured (Oresol-F) glucose-based oral rehydration salts (ORS) solutions was compared with that of standard glucose-based ORS (Oresol-G) in a randomized field trial. Additionally, it is determined if presenting rice-based ORS as a solution that would help stop diarrhoea (Oresol-K) enhanced its acceptability. A total of 437 non-dehydrated children aged less than five years presenting to health centres with acute diarrhoea were randomly assigned to the three ORS groups. Acceptability was determined by the amounts of ORS consumed at home by children still with diarrhoea on 24- or 48-hour follow-up. The amounts of ORS consumed by children given Oresol-R (54 [95% CL 38-70] mL/kg/24 h) and Oresol-F (47 [24-70]) were similar to the amount of Oresol-G (44 [32-56]). ORS consumption was not affected by the child's age, nutritional status, feeding before the episode, duration of diarrhoea at health centre visit, maternal education and previous ORS use. Informing the caretaker that rice-based ORS would help stop diarrhoea did not lead to increased consumption of the solution (Oresol-R 54 [38-70] mL/kg/24 h; Oresol-K 50 [32-68]). Solution preparation was likewise similar among the treatment groups. Reactions to the different ORS types were generally favourable but did not differ between the groups.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Body fluid shifts in soldiers after a jogging/walking exercise in the heat: effects of water and electrolyte solution on rehydration.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationships between dehydration and body fluid shifts and the effects of ingesting water or oral rehydration solution or no fluid during and after exercise in the heat [mean (SE)] temperature, 40.5 (0.66) degrees C and 32 (3.7)% humidity. DESIGN: PRE and POST three hours exercise comparative study. SETTING: Zimbabwe National Army Wafa-Wafa Training Camp, Kariba, Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: 18 male soldiers volunteered to be studied during and after a 20 km (three hour) jogging/walking exercise in full kit. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Body mass, total body water, extracellular water, intracellular water, plasma osmolality, plasma sodium, and volume changes compared using paired t-test. RESULTS: Total body water decreased by 4.9 (0.38) 1 (p < 0.02) in soldiers exercising without fluid, 1.5 (0.3) 1 (oral rehydration solution), 2.4 (0.8) 1 (water). Extracellular water decreased by 3.6 (0.3) 1 (p < 0.05), 1.3 (0.2) 1, 1.7 (0.3) 1, and intracellular water decreased by 1.3 (0.1) 1, 0.2 (0.01) 1, 0.7 (0.01) 1 respectively in these groups. Plasma volume decreased by [mean (SE)] 16 (1.4)% on no fluid, three (0.3)% on oral rehydration solution, five (0.3)% on water. Plasma osmolality increased significantly from 285 (1.0) to 301 (2.3) mosmol.kg-1 (p < 0.001) in subjects exercising without fluid and from 283 (2.0) to 291 (0.7) mosmol.kg-1 (p < 0.02) in subjects taking oral rehydration solution. No significant increases were observed when taking water only. CONCLUSIONS: During dehydration, total body water loss was derived from both fluid compartments but extracellular water contributed the most. Effective rehydration depends on adequate replacement of electrolytes lost from each fluid compartment. Water alone may not provide adequate rehydration.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Alanine- and glucose-based hypo-osmolar oral rehydration solution in infants with persistent diarrhoea: a controlled trial.

To evaluate the efficacy of a hypo-osmolar and a standard (World Health Organization) oral rehydration salt (ORS) solution in persistent diarrhoea, a randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in 55 children. After a 1-day observation period the children were assigned to one of three solutions: standard ORS (WHO-ORS) (osmolality 311 mosmol/l), hypo-osmolar ORS containing L-alanine and glucose (osmolality 255 mosmol/l) and i.v. polyelectrolyte solutions (osmolality 293 mosmol/l) for ongoing replacement of stool loss for the next 4 days. Excellent acceptability of ORS (101-160 ml/kg body weight/day) by the children was observed. There were no significant differences in the total intake of solutions and food, and frequency of stools among the groups. Stool outputs were significantly less in infants receiving hypo-osmolar ORS than in those receiving WHO-ORS for 0-24 h (p = 0.04), 0-48 h (p = 0.01), 0-72 h (p = 0.04) and 0-96 h (p = 0.03). The results indicate a sufficient scope of ORS practice in persistent diarrhoea. Furthermore, we found that a hypo-osmolar ORS containing L-alanine and glucose is as efficacious as an iv solution and more effective than WHO-ORS for replacement of ongoing stool loss in persistent diarrhoea.

Bicarbonates↗
PubMed1994

Use of rice-based oral rehydration solution in a large diarrhoea treatment centre in Bangladesh: in-house production, use and relative cost.

Glucose-based oral rehydration salt (ORS) is an appropriate and cost-effective tool to treat diarrhoeal dehydration. In patients with a high purging rate, particularly due to cholera, rice-based ORS has been shown to substantially reduce stool output compared to glucose ORS. However, it is not used in the hospitals or diarrhoea treatment centres largely because of the non-availability of a ready-to-use inexpensive packaged product and because of the problem of cooking. In a large diarrhoea treatment centre in Bangladesh (with an annual ORS consumption of approximately 140,000 litres), we have maintained in-house production of rice ORS and used it routinely for more than 600,000 patients over the last nine years. Semi-literate health workers cook rice ORS and supervise mothers in its use. Rice ORS is less costly (US $0.15 per patient treated compared with US $0.37 for glucose ORS) and is well accepted. It is an attractive alternative to glucose ORS in many fixed facility treatment centres in countries where rice is a staple and cholera is endemic. The process of its in-house preparation and use is described in this report which may assist hospitals wishing to use rice ORS in treating diarrhoea patients. Availability of a low cost ready-to-use rice ORS packet (which needs no cooking) with adequate shelf-life will increase its use at fixed facilities.

Bangladesh↗