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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

The effect of vitamin B2 and its derivatives on a dry-reagent strip theophylline assay.

This report describes the effect of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and its precursor vitamin B2 on an apoenzyme reactivation immunoassay system (ARIS) both in vitro and in vivo. It was observed that 10 nM/L FAD in the buffer causes a false-positive result in ARIS for theophylline by the value of 94 microM/L, whereas vitamin B2, flavin mononucleotide, adenosine, adenosine monophosphate, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) at the same concentration caused no such effect. Nevertheless, ADP at 2 microM/L can cause a drop in theophylline reading of 55 microM/L. However, the sera from four volunteers with normal liver functions who had taken 30 mg of vitamin B2 daily for a week showed no effect on theophylline reading.

False Positive Reactions↗
PubMed1976

Evaluation of a reagent-strip method for glucose in whole blood, as compared with a hexokinase method.

The hexokinase method (I) for glucose in biological fluids, proposed by the FDA as a potential national standard method, is compared with the Eyetone/Dextrostix/Control method (II) for measurement of glucose in whole blood. I used a new, two-step calibration procedure based on a 1.30 g/liter standard for the II system. The correlation coefficient for results by the two methods was 0.99 for 142 assays in duplicate. Recovery values were near 100% (I, range 100.0 to 106.2%; II, range 100.8 to 105.1%), and the coefficients of variation were respectively +/- 4.1% and +/- 4.5%. Considering the close correlation between the two methods, together with the simplicity, speed, and convenience of II, I conclude that it has great clinical utility, particularly in emergency situations. The precision and accuracy of II depends greatly on proper calibration and control procedures and on adequate training of the operator.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1986

Application of pattern-recognition techniques in wavelength selection for instrumentally read reagent strips.

Pattern recognition techniques--discriminant analysis and principal component analysis--are utilized in selecting the wavelengths for monitoring, by reflectance spectroscopy, color-generating reactions involving uric acid and cholesterol in serum. The data base we used was accumulated by a rapid-scanning reflectance spectrophotometer that measured reflectance at 16 wavelengths every 5 s after the reaction was initiated. The data were then analyzed in multidimensional space mainframe computer with commercial statistical software packages. The most appropriate wavelengths were those that yielded the largest generalized distance between analyte concentration by discriminant analysis and the largest weighting coefficient by principal component analysis. For uric acid, taking the ratio of reflectance measured at two wavelengths instead of at a single wavelength much better separates the clinically significant concentrations. For cholesterol, the initiated. The data were then analyzed in multidimensional space hemoglobin, can be clearly demonstrated y the "pattern" generated with principal component analysis. generalized distance between analyte generalized distance between analyte concentration by discriminant

Cholesterol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Urine analysis in a pediatric laboratory using reagent strips read visually (visual dip sticks)].

The Authors studied the possibility of using some dip sticks visual for urinalysis. One hundred of urine samples have been analyzed at the beginning with the instrumental laboratory analytical system and then with the dip sticks visual; the results put in evidence that there is a real discrepancy as far as glucose is concerned. Glucose is overestimated in dip sticks visual method. Bilirubin, blood and proteins are in a decreasing order the most different items. Concerning to pH the results have been comparable. Specific weight cannot be compared to the laboratory method, on the other hand it can be used for screening. On the whole the Authors are quite satisfied about dip sticks visual method; it can be used in order to accelerate diagnosis and avoid pre-analytical mistakes.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Value of macroscopic urine examination and reagent strips for the detection of hematuria and proteinuria in the mass diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis, before and after treatment].

In this study, dip-stick examination for the detection of hematuria and proteinuria, and macroscopic examination of the urine as diagnostic methods for mass screening for urinary schistosomiasis, were compared with the technique of urinary filtration for Schistosoma haematobium eggs. Dip-sticks and macroscopic examination were proved to be simple and rapid. Before treatment, the revealing of hematuria by dip-stick was shown to be a sensitive method by comparison with filtration, but it is not specific. The tests for proteinuria, and macroscopic examination are more specific, but less sensitive. Nevertheless, all these methods give similar prevalences as distributed by age groups. Dip-sticks and macroscopic exams could therefore be duly considered for the detection of new high endemic regions. After treatment, these methods result in less valid prevalences than those obtained by filtration, but their specificity increases; they become good indicators of clinical improvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The use of Baye's theorem and other indices of agreement in evaluating the use of reagent strips in screening rural schoolchildren for Schistosoma haematobium in Zambia.

The diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium disease on the basis of history and physical examination alone is often difficult. Tests have thus been developed to allow an early and more accurate diagnosis. However these tests have substantial imperfections and many different results obtained from these tests must be integrated into a diagnostic conclusion about the probability of disease in a given patient. Also the accuracy of these tests in detecting S. haematobium disease is critically dependent not only on its sensitivity and specificity but also on the prevalence or pretest likelihood of disease in the population under study. The diagnostic accuracy of haematuria, proteinuria and the combined criteria tests in detecting S. haematobium eggs in schoolchildren are evaluated by calculating the sensitivity and specificity and also by the use of 'Bayes' theorem of conditional probability. The graphic relation between the predictive value of a given test result and the pretest risk of disease in the test subjects was obtained for each of these tests. This method reveals that the prevalence of S. haematobium disease is an important determinant of the predictive value of any test result in the individual patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Detection of neonatal hypoglycemia--a comparison of three reagent strips.

This article reports two studies that replicate previous investigations of the effectiveness of Chemstrip bG, Dextrostix and Visidex for making nursing assessments of hypoglycemia in the newborn. The article also describes a third study that combines results of the first two studies with results of previous studies in the literature in an attempt to improve the reliability and validity of the findings. In the first study, 102 blood samples were tested using either Chemstrip bG or Dextrostix and then compared with laboratory blood glucose levels. Because of the small number of hypoglycemic samples, a second study was devised in which six samples of cord blood were artificially titrated to known levels of glucose. In this study, Visidex as well as Chemstrip bG and Dextrostix were used. Eighty-five percent, 50 percent and 90.4 percent of the hypoglycemic samples were detected by Chemstrip bG, Dextrostix and Visidex, respectively. Data available in the literature from previous studies investigating the same question were then compiled and analyzed. The composite sample of 402 infants for Dextrostix and 484 for Chemstrip bG resulted in the finding that less than half of the hypoglycemic infants tested with Dextrostix were detected whereas Chemstrip bG detected 90 percent of them. The conclusion reached is that both Chemstrip bG and Visidex can be considered adequate screening techniques for nursing assessment of hypoglycemia in the newborn, while visually read Dextrostix is unacceptable in clinical practice.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1989

Within-clinic reagent strip lipid measurement.

The agreement between the Reflotron dry chemistry analyser and laboratory methods for measurement of total cholesterol and triglycerides was assessed by studying the between-method variability for individual samples. A paired comparison of replicate measurements from venous blood was made for 105 cholesterol and 90 triglyceride specimens. There was no significant mean difference between the two methods for cholesterol measurement (difference 0.02 mmol l-1, 95% Cl -0.07 to 0.10 mmol l-1) but there were wide limits of agreement (+/- 2SD) of -0.87 to 0.90 mmol l-1. Some of the differences in measurement were large enough to be clinically misleading and would result in inconsistencies in diagnostic assignment between the two methods. Both methods achieved relatively poor repeatability which limited the agreement possible (coefficient of repeatability, defined as 2SD of the differences, 0.59 mmol l-1 for the Reflotron and 0.38 mmol l-1 for the laboratory). The repeatability of triglyceride measurement was similar for the Reflotron and laboratory (coefficient of repeatability 0.24 mmol l-1 and 0.27 mmol l-1, respectively). However, there was a significant systematic difference between methods, with the Reflotron reading 0.30 mmol l-1 less than the laboratory method (95% Cl 0.26 to 0.35 mmol l-1) and the limits of agreement between the methods were -0.09 to 0.70 mmol l-1. It is important that clinicians recognize the limits of agreement between dry chemistry analysers and laboratory methods and take these into account when using them to screen for hyperlipidaemia or to monitor treatment of hyperlipidaemic diabetic patients.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1996

Microalbuminuria screening by reagent strip predicts cardiovascular risk in hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that qualitative microalbuminuria (MAU) screening in a practice setting would identify non-diabetic hypertensive patients at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease. DESIGN: We enrolled general practitioners throughout Germany, who obtained histories, physical examinations, and routine laboratory values as clinically indicated on treated or non-treated hypertensive, non-diabetic patients. MAU was measured with a albumin-sensitive, immunoassay test strip. We studied 11 343 non-diabetic hypertensive patients. RESULTS: The patients' mean age was 57 years, 51% were men and mean hypertension duration was 69 months. Twenty-five per cent had coronary artery disease, 17% had left ventricular hypertrophy, 5% had had a stroke, and 6% had peripheral vascular disease. MAU was present in 32% of men and 28% of women (P < 0.05). In patients with MAU, 31% had coronary artery disease, 24% had left ventricular hypertrophy, 6% had had a stroke, and 7% had peripheral vascular disease. In patients without MAU, these rates were 22%, 14%, 4%, and 5% respectively: lower in every category (P < 0.001). Further, in patients with coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, MAU was significantly greater than in patients who did not have these complications (P < 0.001). MAU increased with age, severity of hypertension and duration of hypertension, was associated with higher plasma creatinine values, and was more common in patients with hyperlipidemia (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: On the basis of our survey, we conclude that qualitative MAU determinations identify hypertensive patients with particular cardiovascular risk in a practice setting.

Aged↗
PubMed1971

Reagent strips and conventional tests for acid production from mannitol and coagulase activity of Staphylococcus: a comparative study.

A total of 244 Staphylococcus strains were tested simultaneously for acid production from mannitol and for coagulase activity with reagent-impregnated paper strips and with their conventional counterparts. Significant correlation was obtained with 97.9% of the strains for mannitol and with 95% for the coagulase test. The paper strip method is a combined test for both mannitol and coagulase tests, thus making it more convenient and simpler than conventional methods. The results are obtained rapidly within 6 hr by the paper strip method. However, as the paper strip method is designed for the aerobic system, the conventional tests were also carried out under aerobic conditions to compare the results.

Acids↗