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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Can patients read what we want them to read? Analysis of the readability of printed materials for health education].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze readability and legibility of a systematic sample of health education materials made available at a health center, and to propose recommendations for improvement. DESIGN: Observational, descriptive study. SETTING: An urban health center in Madrid, Spain. MATERIAL: A sample of text from 326 health education documents. MAIN MEASURES: The 326 texts were classified according to target reader, organism responsible for publication, topic, and date of publication. A sample of 500 words from each document was analyzed with Microsoft Word 2000 to determine the Flesch readability score and sentence complexity index, and to calculate the INLEG index. Print size and accompanying graphics were also analyzed. RESULTS: Readability of the materials was generally acceptable, with a mean Flesch score of 13.56. However, the type tended to be too small (mean 11.37 points). In 32% of the documents there were no illustrations, and no date of publication was given in 46%. CONCLUSIONS. The readability and legibility in the group of documents we analyzed could both be improved by following the recommendations offered here. Further research is needed on the techniques used to analyze readability and legibility, especially with regard to the latter.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed2001

Neural networks for internal reading and visual imagery of reading: a PET study.

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurements with positron emission tomography (PET) were made on 10 volunteers in rest condition as well as while the subjects, with closed eyes, (i) internally listed the letters of the alphabet and cited the first verse of the Hungarian national anthem, (ii) visualised the capital letters of the alphabet, and (iii) visualised the capital letters of the first verse of the Hungarian national anthem. Significant changes in rCBF indicated various networks of cortical neuronal populations active during the tasks. Internal listing, as compared to the rest condition, activated the left precentral gyrus. Visualising the letters of the alphabet, when compared to the rest condition, activated a cortical network comprising fields along the banks of the left and right intraparietal sulci, the left medial frontal, precentral and occipital sulci, and the right superior frontal gyrus. Visualising the letters of the anthem, when compared to the rest condition, activated a cortical network comprising fields along the banks of the left and right intraparietal sulci, the left medial and inferior frontal gyri, and the right anterior cingulate gyrus. Contrasting the two visualisation tasks revealed task specific activation in the left lateral occipital gyrus (alphabet vs. anthem visualisation) and in the left anterior cingulate gyrus (anthem vs. alphabet visualisation). The data indicate that visual imagery of letters of the alphabet or a text engages a widespread network of cortical fields in the visual association cortices and the frontal cortex, without the engagement of the primary (V1) and secondary (V2) visual cortical areas. This finding supports the hypothesis that neuronal populations engaged by visual imagery and visual perception only partially overlap. The networks, activated in the visualisation tasks, have a core which is identical in the different visualisation tasks. The core network is complemented in a task-specific manner by the recruitment of additional cortical neuronal populations.

Adult↗