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PubMedDate not supplied

Briquet's syndrome (hysteria) is both a somatoform and a "psychoform" illness: a Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory study.

We describe the results of a follow-up study on patients with hysteria using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) to evaluate the multiple complaints of these patients. MMPIs were obtained from 29 women with primary affective disorder and 37 women with Briquet's syndrome as part of a follow-up study of the St. Louis clinic 500. Patients with Briquet's syndrome were significantly less consistent and logical in answering MMPIs and were more likely to emphasize personal psychopathological conditions. They reported many more symptoms in many more problem areas than did women with primary affective disorder. Patients with Briquet's syndrome reported significantly more somatic symptoms and psychological/interpersonal problems than did the depressed group. It was suggested that such patients mimic multiple psychiatric and somatic disorders.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Treatment of schizoaffective disorders.

Studies that compare the treatment response of patients diagnosed as primary affective disorder or schizoaffective disorder are reviewed. Although relatively few controlled or uncontrolled studies of the chemotherapy of schizoaffective disorders have been conducted, available evidence suggests that: (1) lithium carbonate is effective in the initial treatment of both schizoaffective mania and mania; (2) antidepressants alone, neuroleptics alone, or their combination can be effective in the initial treatment of both schizoaffective depression and primary depression; and (3) prophylactic administration of lithium carbonate may reduce the frequency and duration of relapse in both schizoaffective manic and schizoaffective depressed patients. Thus, treatment studies indicate that the schizoaffective disorders are very similar to the primary affective disorders with regard to response to pharmacologic treatment. Evidence from this laboratory that schizoaffective manic patients respond more slowly than manic patients to lithium or neuroleptic treatment is presented.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1976

Psychiatric diagnosis and tricyclic plasma levels in 36 hospitalized overdose patients.

Thirty-six hospitalized patients who were considered by emergency room physicians to have ingested medically serious tricyclic overdoses were studied. The purpose of the project was to determine if psychiatric diagnosis and associated psychiatric factors correlated with the severity of the overdose as defined by plasma drug levels. Medically serious overdoses were ingested by patients with alcoholism, primary affective disorder, undiagnosed psychiatric illness, and Briquet's syndrome. Prior psychiatric treatment, prior admissions, prior overdoses, or precipitating events did not correlate with the medical severity of the ingestion. Attempting to predict the individual medical severity of the overdose from psychiatric factors resulted in a dangerous underestimation of the risk of patients with Briquet's syndrome and an overprediction in the case of primary affective disorder.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed2006

Restorative therapy of primary teeth severely affected by amelogenesis imperfecta.

OBJECTIVE: Primary teeth severely affected by amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) often show an extensive loss of enamel. Such defects are difficult to restore with resin composites, since neither the correct anatomic form nor the marginal fit can be guaranteed. METHODS AND MATERIALS: After clinical and scanning electron microscopic examinations were performed on replica models of 5 patients with primary teeth affected by AI, impressions were made without previous preparation by rotary instruments. Composite crowns and veneers were manufactured and luted adhesively using the total bonding technique and low-viscosity resin composite. RESULTS: The pre-restorative scanning electron microscopic analysis showed that the dentinal tubules were exposed and that the border of the residual enamel was in the process of splitting. The preoperative oral examination had revealed tooth discoloration, masticatory disturbances, hypersensitivity, and speech problems. After placement of the restorations, patients reported improvements in tooth sensitivity, articulation, and mastication. CONCLUSIONS: A new protocol for restoration of primary teeth with an extensive loss of enamel is offered. It is quick and easy to perform, highly esthetic, and can be applied in children younger than 4 years old.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1990

Bleeding time in patients with hepatic cirrhosis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of an abnormal bleeding time in patients with cirrhosis and to relate this to known factors that affect primary haemostasis and to the severity of liver disease. DESIGN: Prospective clinical and laboratory study in patients admitted for complications or investigations of liver disease. SETTING: Royal Free Hospital hepatobiliary and liver transplantation unit. SUBJECTS: 100 Consecutive inpatients aged 17-74 with various forms of cirrhosis, including alcoholic, biliary, autoimmune, viral, and cryptogenic. At least 10 days had elapsed since any episodes of bleeding, resolution of sepsis, or alcohol intake. No patient was taking any drug known to affect primary haemostasis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Bleeding time as measured with the Simplate double blade template device. A bleeding time longer than 10 minutes was considered abnormal. Other measures were platelet count, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, packed cell volume, and blood urea, serum bilirubin, and serum albumin concentrations, all measured on each subject at the same time by standard laboratory methods. RESULTS: A weak but significant correlation existed between the bleeding time and the platelet count (rs = 0.483; p less than 0.001). There were significantly lower platelet counts, longer prothrombin times, and higher blood urea and serum bilirubin concentrations in the 42 patients with bleeding times of 10 minutes or more compared with the 58 patients with bleeding times less than 10 minutes. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the bilirubin concentration as well as the platelet count was independently correlated with the bleeding time. The combination of a platelet count greater than 80 x 10(9)/l and a prothrombin time less than 17 seconds (usually taken as safe limits for performing routine liver biopsy) did not predict a normal bleeding time. Ten of 39 patients fulfilling these criteria had a prolonged bleeding time. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged bleeding time is common in patients with cirrhosis, even in those with prothrombin times and platelet counts within "safe limits" for invasive procedures. The severity of liver disease as assessed by the bilirubin concentration plays an important part in determining the bleeding time in cirrhosis. The bleeding time should be measured when assessing patients for invasive procedures who have a raised bilirubin concentration or poor hepatic function, even if the platelet count and prothrombin time are considered adequate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Depression and its treatment in alcoholics: a review.

The relationship between Affective Disorder and Alcoholism is complex and has been studied extensively. Increased rates of depression are reported in alcoholics and in families of alcoholics. Some studies report that drinking behaviour may be influenced by the coexistence of depressive disorder while others indicate that depressed mood has little impact on the course and treatment of alcoholism. Some people who are depressed turn to alcohol as a form of self-medication and many of these have positive results from it, both due to the pharmacological effects of the drug and the self-limiting nature of most depressive episodes. Those with more severe depression, however, are less likely to benefit in this way. Excessive alcohol taken under such circumstances results in diminishing returns; alcohol becomes more of a contributor to the problem than a solution to it. There is no convincing evidence that drugs including anti-depressants and lithium are effective in the treatment of depressed alcoholics, except for those minority of patients where the diagnosis of primary affective disorder can be established. In such cases the indications for lithium and anti-depressant usage are similar as for non alcoholics with affective disorder. Decisions about the choice of treatment to be offered the alcoholic must be made as quickly and as accurately as possible and can only be done after a careful assessment, which may include hospitalization. It is worth noting that the pharmacologically induced depression of heavy drinking and the depression associated with the withdrawal phase may be clinically similar to the depression of primary affective disorder.

Affect↗
PubMed1999

Identification of a single ancestral CYP1B1 mutation in Slovak Gypsies (Roms) affected with primary congenital glaucoma.

Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is an autosomal recessive eye disease that occurs at an unusually high frequency in the ethnic isolate of Roms (Gypsies) in Slovakia. Recently, we linked the disease in this population to the GLC3A locus on 2p21. At this locus, mutations in the cytochrome P4501B1 (CYP1B1) gene have been identified as a molecular basis for this condition. Here, we report the results of CYP1B1 mutation screening of 43 PCG patients from 26 Slovak Rom families. A homozygous G-->A transition at nucleotide 1505 in the highly conserved region of exon 3 was detected in all families. This mutation results in the E387K substitution, which affects the conserved K helix region of the cytochrome P450 molecule. Determination of the CYP1B1 polymorphic background showed a common DNA haplotype in all patients, thus indicating that the E387K mutation in Roms has originated from a single ancestral mutational event. The Slovak Roms represent the first population in which PCG is found to result from a single mutation in the CYP1B1 gene, so that a founder effect is the most plausible explanation of its increased incidence. An ARMS-PCR assay has been developed for fast detection of this mutation, thus allowing direct DNA based prenatal diagnosis as well as gene carrier detection in this particular population. Screening of 158 healthy Roms identified 17 (10.8%) mutation carriers, indicating that the frequency of PCG in this population may be even higher than originally estimated.

Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases↗
PubMed1995

[Does primary tumor affect the prognosis in postmastectomy locoregional recurrence in breast carcinoma?].

BACKGROUND: Prognosis following locoregional recurrence of breast cancer after mastectomy often is described as fatal. However, certain subgroups with better prognosis are supposed. We analysed established prognostic factors for their influence on post recurrence survival in order to discriminate favourable from unfavourable subgroups. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1979 and 1989 163 patients with a local or regional recurrence of breast cancer following mastectomy were treated at the Department of Radiation Oncology of the University of Würzburg. One hundred and forty had an isolated recurrence, without evidence of distant disease at the time of recurrence. Median follow up for patients alive at the time of analysis was 102 months from diagnosis of recurrence. Thirteen prognostic factors were tested. RESULTS: Out of the 140 patients 94 (58%) developed distant metastases within the follow-up period. Metastatic-free rate was 42% at 5 years and 38% at 10 years following recurrence. Recurrences occurred in 50% of patients within the first 2 years from primary surgery, in 83% within 5 years. In univariate analysis statistically significant influence on survival rates was found for pT, pN-status, lymphatic vessel invasion, blood vessel invasion, tumor necrosis, hormonal receptor status, presence or development of distant metastases, time to recurrence and site and extension of recurrence. Two- and 5-year survival rates ranged from 64% to 81% and from 40% to 60%, respectively in the favourable subgroups compared to a survival rate ranging from 15% to 44% at 2 years and 0% to 29% at 5 years in the unfavourable subgroups. In patients with involved axillary lymph nodes, the absolute number of nodes did not prove to have significant influence on overall survival. Histopathological grading did not reach statistical significance levels although an influence on survival was observed. Preceding adjuvant radiotherapy did not influence post-recurrence survival rates. Also preceding adjuvant systemic therapy showed no significant impact on survival. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that primary axillary status correlated most strongly with overall survival (p < 0.001) followed by tumor necrosis (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The mentioned prognostic factors may be useful in determining the adequate (local and systemic) therapy and the best time for it. Our data support previous findings, that certain subgroups with favourable prognostic features exist and they might still have a chance for cure by an adequate local treatment, whereas subgroups of patients with unfavourable prognostic factors have to receive systemic therapy immediately following local therapy because of the forthcoming systemic progression.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Infrequent frameshift mutations of polynucleotide repeats in multiple primary cancers affecting the esophagus and other organs.

Frequent frameshift mutations of simple nucleotide repeats in the protein-encoding regions, as well as replication errors (RERs) at microsatellite loci, have recently been demonstrated in gastrointestinal tumors. These genetic instabilities have been considered indicative of an increased risk of accumulating mutations in cancer-associated genes and of developing multiple cancers. We studied frameshift (or insertion/deletion) mutations of simple nucleotide repeats in five genes (TGFbeta type II receptor [TGFbetaRII], E2F4, MSH2, MSH3, and MSH6) in 23 tumors from 12 patients who had synchronous cancers of the esophagus and other organs. Genetic instability at four microsatellite loci, as well as mutations in the TP53, APC, and KRAS2 genes, were also studied. No frameshift mutations were observed in the TGFbetaRII, MSH3, and MSH6 genes. RER and a deletion mutation of BAT26 in MSH2 were present in one (1/23; 4%) gastric cancer. This tumor also carried a deletion mutation in the serine (AGC) repeat of the E2F4 gene. Mutation screening of the TP53, APC, and KRAS2 genes revealed that the synchronous cancers did not carry the same mutations. Our results suggested that genetic instability, such as insertion/deletion mutations in simple nucleotide repeats, is not significantly associated with the development of multiple primary cancers of the esophagus and other organs, and that these synchronous cancers developed independently according to their different environmental factors.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

Dietary preferences in early lactation cows as affected by primary tastes and some common feed flavors.

A sequential elimination trial was conducted to test the effects of primary tastes on the preference ranking of TMR diets by six multiparous Holstein cows from 8 to 21 DIM. Four additives and a control were examined; the most preferred (highest total intake) was eliminated after segments of 5, 4, 3, and then 2 d. Diets tasting sweet (sucrose, 1.5% of dietary DM), sour (HCl, 1.25%), bitter (urea, 1%), and salty (NaCl, 4%) were tested. Four of the cows most preferred the sweet diet, and DMI of that diet averaged 12.8% more than for the control, which was next preferred. The probability of a diet being chosen first when all diets were presented together was sucrose, .59; control, .36; urea, .04; NaCl, .01; and HCl, .003. Another experiment used the same procedure; however, the additives tested were anise, monosodium glutamate, dehydrated alfalfa meal flavor, and molasses flavor (1.48 g of flavor/kg of DM). Control and monosodium glutamate ranked first equally. The probability of choosing each flavor first in this set was .5 for the control and monosodium glutamate diets and < .01 for molasses, alfalfa, and anise. Rankings were not significantly affected by variation among cows in either experiment. Of the additives tested, only sucrose seemed to have the potential to increase intake.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1989

High energy shock waves do not affect either primary tumor growth or metastasis of prostate carcinoma, R3327-MatLyLu.

We investigated the possibility that extracorporeal high energy shock wave (HESW) treatment of solid tumors increased metastatic tumor cell spread using a rapidly metastasising rat prostate tumor variant (R3327-MatLyLu). Volume of HESW treated primary tumor, the volume of metastatic lymph nodes and the number of lung tumor nodules formed were compared with values in untreated control rats. HESW treatment resulted in marked hemorrhage and readily visible hematoma at the focal point of treatment. Tumor histology directly after treatment showed extravascular blood cells due to breakage of blood vessels. Contrary to previous reports we could not observe a delay in tumor growth rate in either small or medium sized tumors. More importantly the extent of metastatic spread was not influenced by HESW treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Outbred Sprague-Dawley rats from two breeders exhibit different incidences of neuroanatomical abnormalities affecting the primary cerebellar fissure.

A significant variation in the incidence of alterations in the cellular organization along the primary fissure of the cerebellum is observed in outbred Sprague-Dawley rats obtained from Hilltop Animal Labs (89.9%) and Charles River Canada (34.1%). In this abnormality, there are areas in the depths of the primary fissure which lack pial cells, exhibit fusion of the apposing molecular layers, and contain ectopic granule cells, often with an associated disorganization of the cortical laminae. The extent and incidence of the abnormality can vary between individuals and litters, but the general incidence rate for a given breeder appears to be consistent over extended breeding cycles. This finding has serious implications for the use of outbred animals from different breeders when collecting data during the course of an experiment and when comparing and replicating data from different laboratories.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Effect of cimetropium bromide on esophageal motility and transit in patients affected by primary achalasia.

The effect of cimetropium bromide, a new anticholinergic agent, in patients with primary achalasia was studied. Twenty such patients (12 females and 8 males, mean age 38 years, range 15-56) were studied. Diagnosis was performed by radiology, endoscopy, and manometry. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure and body wave amplitude were measured by means of a five-channel catheter constantly perfused by a low-compliance pneumohydraulic pump. Patient received cimetropium bromide 10 mg intravenously over 3 min or placebo in a double-blind manner. In five patients esophageal transit evaluated by scintiscanning was studied on separate occasions after cimetropium bromide or placebo. Baseline mean lower esophageal sphincter pressure was 46 +/- 5 mm Hg and mean amplitude of body waves was 30 +/- 8 mm Hg. Cimetropium bromide induced a significant decrease in sphincter pressure and body wave amplitude that measured 13 +/- 3 mm Hg and 8 +/- 4 mm Hg, respectively, 15 min after the end of infusion. The decrease was maintained for 45 +/- 5 min. A marked reduction in repetitive body waves was also noted. Esophageal transit was also accelerated with cimetropium bromide. Maximal stomach radioactivity was observed after 8 +/- 1.8 sec while with placebo this was reached after 65 +/- 1.5 sec (P < 0.01). It is concluded with cimetropium bromide reduces LES pressure and shortens transit in primary esophageal achalasia. It may be useful in the treatment of this esophageal motility disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Nematospiroides dubius: factors affecting the primary response to SRBC in infected mice.

Mice infected with Nematospiroides dubius were incapable of responding normally to i.p. or i.v. challenge with SRBC. The HA and PFC response to SRBC in infected animals was characterized by a severe depression of antibody to SRBC on day 4 and a reduced HA peak titre during the following week. The greatest depression of the response to SRBC was associated with an interval of 14 days between infection and the administration of antigen, suggesting that a particular stage of the parasite contributed significantly to immunodepression during this critical period. It was proposed that a combination of parasite induced damage to the intestine, release of parasite secretory/excretory products and loss of appetite by the host produced trauma during which the host was incapable of responding normally. However, mice given low-level and long-standing infections also showed reduced responses to SRBC, although these animals were not severely depressed. It is possible that this generalized weakening of host immunocompetence is the inevitable consequence of a parasite mechanism which operates more specifically to suppress the expression of homologous immunity at the intestinal level.

Animals↗