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PubMed2003

Supply and demand: negotiating the prescription drug labyrinth to reduce costs.

Prescription drug costs are increasing at a rate of 15% to 17% a year and a look into the future does not bring much better news. Employers can expect to see more numbers like these as doctors more aggressively treat diseases using drug therapy, the population continues to age and pharmaceutical companies continue to spend billions of dollars on direct-to-consumer advertising aimed at consumers who are desensitized to the true costs of their prescriptions. In this environment, it is unlikely that companies can realistically expect to reverse costs of even to avoid cost increases. However, this article provides employers with a prudent approach to managing both the supply and demand sides of the prescription drug equation in order to reduce their level of increase. Supply-side management focuses on negotiations with vendors, while the demand side focuses on managing employee utilization.

Cost Control↗
PubMed1993

Development of standards for providing prescription drugs by mail.

The development and implementation of practice standards for a mail-service pharmacy are described. Literature, licensing regulations, and existing national practice standards were reviewed. Selected mail-service pharmacies were surveyed on their practice standards. Patients who had received prescription drugs by mail from a university hospital pharmacy were asked their opinions of the service in a telephone survey. Based on the information gathered, a set of practice standards was drafted. The draft was considered by a panel of experts who reached a consensus on mail-service pharmacy practice standards. The standards were implemented at a university hospital's outpatient pharmacy. Standards of practice for mail-service pharmacies were developed and applied at a university hospital outpatient pharmacy. Other pharmacies may find the standards useful.

Drug Prescriptions↗
PubMed1990

The IAEA/WHO TL dosimetry service for radiotherapy centres 1969-87.

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) started a postal dosimetry service in 1966 using lithium fluoride (LiF) thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD). The World Health Organization (WHO) joined the programme in 1968. Dosimeters were sent on 29 occasions to primary standards laboratories or to the 'Bureau International des Poids et Measures' to guarantee the traceability to primary standards of absorbed dose. The mean deviation was -0.26 +/- 0.18% (1% SD of the mean). One SD for a single result was about 1%. The number of intercomparisons made during the whole period is about 2,000 from about 700 radiotherapy centres in 89 countries. To date only 60Co machines have been included. The mean deviation of all the results from the centres was -0.25, and 1% SD for a single result 6.7%. About 5% of the centres had deviations larger than 30%, at least on one occasion. It is shown that the accuracy in dosimetry improves considerably for those departments participating more than once in the TL dosimetry service.

Calibration↗
PubMed1989

What benefits do general practitioners see in electronic links to hospitals, family practitioner committees and community services?

A postal questionnaire concerning attitudes towards, and uses for electronic links was sent to 136 Nottinghamshire general practitioners (GPs) in November 1988 and yielded 128 responses (94%). While electronic links to Family Practitioner Committees (FPCs) and local hospitals were viewed positively by 90% of the responders, such links to community services were not so welcome. Overall most doctors rated 'very useful' the transmission of laboratory and x-ray results, the receipt of interim hospital discharge letters, and the booking of open access appointments. Computer users, who made up 35% of the sample, were statistically more likely to be positive towards links to FPCs and hospitals, and most of them rated 'very useful' examples of electronic information transfer, compared to non-users. This survey encourages plans to electronically link together disparate sections of the health service. Practices already computerised, of which there are surprisingly large numbers, are the obvious first sites and were the most enthusiastic about such links.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1980

A survey of personal aids supplied by post to arthritics.

A postal survey was mounted to investigate the use of the British Rheumatism and Arthritis Association's (B.R.A.A.) postal aids service. Of the 288 persons who ordered aids between B.R.A.A. and 446 from other sources. Many simple aids were valuable and well used; several had faults, which in many cases could easily have been rectified if the manufacturers been aware of them. Respondents appreciated the speedy provision of aids but many had problems which would have been better solved by attendance at an Aids Centre or Occupational Therapy Department. A quarter of the subjects were unaware that departments of social services provided aids.

Arthritis↗