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PubMed2005

[Simulation of Plutella xylostella population control by granulosis virus].

By means of the life table of acting factors combinations and the theory of modern population system control, this paper evaluated the efficacy of different combinations of application dosage and times of granulosis virus on Plutella xylostella control. The results showed that with gradually recovered natural enemies, the second generation of Plutella xylostella in the field of spring flowering Chinese cabbage would increase 4.1 times if no control methods were carried out to the first generation. After applying a suspension of 0.25 LE/L (Larval equivalent) two times, the egg and larval numbers of the second generation Plutella xylostella were reduced significantly, but the index of population increase was still beyond 1, while applying a suspension of 0.5 LE/L two times or 1 LE/L one time at the peak of 2nd instar larvae of the 1st generation could significantly reduce the egg and larval numbers, and the index of population increase was only 0.13. Therefore, if used appropriately, the granulosis virus originated from Plutella xylostella could control the damage of Plutella xylostella effectively.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Alternative strategies for selecting population controls: comparison of random digit dialing and targeted telephone calls.

PURPOSE: This project was carried out to identify a valid framework for selecting controls to be used in a population-based case-control study of breast cancer, and to compare participation rates and characteristics between women contacted using a standard random digit dialing (RDD) strategy and those who were sent a letter of presentation prior to telephone contact (targeted telephone calls, TTC). METHODS: Twelve hundred women, ages 20-74, were sampled from the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) and Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) records. Women for whom telephone numbers were obtained (N = 771) were randomly assigned to RDD or TTC. The respondents participated in a brief telephone interview. Odd ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate differences in characteristics of the respondents between the two contact strategies. RESULTS: Telephone numbers were obtained for 79% of women aged > or = 55 years and for only 38% of women aged < 55 years. Interviews were obtained for 48% of women for whom we obtained telephone numbers, and for 77% of women for whom eligibility was confirmed via telephone contact. Participation of target women appeared to be higher for the TTC than the RDD group (42% vs. 35%, p = 0.054). Among respondents who were > or = 55 years old, those in the TTC group were 80% more likely (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 0.9-3.4) to report a serious medical condition than women in the RDD group, 60% less likely (OR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2-1.0) to report having used oral contraceptives, and 80% less likely (OR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1-0.5) to report having had breast surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Characteristics of respondents differed according to method of contact. These differences, along with the sampling frame used, should be considered when interpreting findings of case-control studies.

Adult↗