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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Selected chemical compounds as potential sources of massive poisoning. Physicochemical properties, poisoning symptoms, treatment].

Characteristics of 42 chemical compounds (17 gases and 24 liquids) sustaining potential danger of massive poisonings in case of accident or chemical disaster is presented. Description of each substance includes: physiocochemical properties, pathophysiology and symptoms of acute poisonings with those chemicals. Rules and procedures of treatment are presented including premedical first aid and medical treatment.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identifying housing that poisons: a critical step in eliminating childhood lead poisoning.

The purpose of our study was to develop a method to identify and prioritize "high-risk" buildings in Chicago that could be targeted for childhood lead poisoning prevention activities. We defined "high-risk" buildings as those where multiple children younger than 6 years with elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) had lived and where lead hazards were previously identified on environmental inspection. By linking 1997-2003 Chicago elevated blood lead surveillance, environmental inspection, and building footprint data, we found that 49,362 children younger than 6 years with elevated BLLs lived at 30,742 buildings. Of those, 67 were "high-risk" buildings and these were associated with 994 children with elevated BLLs. On average, 15 children with elevated BLLs had lived in each building (range: 10-53, median: 13). Almost two thirds (n = 43) of the high-risk buildings had two or more referrals for inspection to the same apartment or housing unit; of those, 40 percent (n = 17) failed to maintain lead-safe status after compliance. Linking blood lead surveillance, environmental inspection, and building footprint databases allowed us to identify individual high-risk buildings. This approach prioritizes lead hazard control efforts and may help health, housing, and environmental agencies in targeting limited resources to increase lead-safe housing for children.

Chicago↗
PubMed1980

Incidence of plant poisonings in Philadelphia noted as poison information calls.

During a one year period, plant calls were 5.3% of the total number of poison information calls. Of all confirmed plant exposures, 6.8% developed symptoms. Of all suspected plant exposures, 3.2% developed symptoms. Most (75%) of plant exposures occurred in children 3 years old and under. There was no difference between the sexes in exposures or symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Childhood lead poisoning on the US-Mexico border: a case study in environmental health nursing lead poisoning.

Human exposure to environmental hazards is a major public health problem along the US-Mexico border due to socioeconomic, cultural and political factors. Childhood lead exposure is endemic in areas of extreme poverty and substandard housing. Hispanic children of indigent, poorly-educated, disenfranchised families are at disproportionate risk. Risk management is contingent upon consideration of the interrelationships between socioeconomics, politics, and culture. This case study explains childhood lead poisoning in a colonia family living at subsistence level from such a perspective. The purpose of the study was to identify, explain, and ameliorate lead exposure pathways. Case study methodology was used to support or refute the proposition that these children were exposed to occupational lead. The children were the study sampling unit and the family a subunit. An embedded single case explanatory design was appropriate. Data were collected from exposure surveys, environmental and blood specimens, and review of medical records. Pattern-matching and explanation-building techniques were used to analyze data. The study illustrated how extreme poverty, lack of access to health services, social isolation, language and legal barriers, and hazardous occupations may be singularly common risk factors for Hispanic children on the US-Mexico border. The study is pertinent to public health nurses who work with this population.

Child↗
PubMed1974

Effective treatment for paraquat poisoning in rats and its relevance to treatment of paraquat poisoning in man.

After oral administration of a lethal dose of paraquat to rats the plasma concentration remained relatively constant over four to 30 hours and was related to the paraquat content of the small intestine over the first 16 hours. During the first 30 hours the concentration of paraquat in the lung rose progressively above that of the plasma to levels which are known to cause pulmonary damage. A treatment has been devised which prevents the absorption of paraquat into the plasma and prevents accumulation of paraquat in the lung. This treatment consists of a stomach was followed by four administrations of bentonite plus purgatives at two- to three-hour intervals. Even when treatment was delayed until 10 hours after administration of paraquat 80% survival was obtained. The relevance of this treatment to paraquat poisoning in man is discussed in the light of the finding that slices of human lung accumulate paraquat in the same way as those of rat lung.

Absorption↗
PubMed1982

Effects of packaging and appearance on childhood poisoning. Vacor rat poison.

Over a 13-month period, 14 patients were hospitalized at Milwaukee Children's Hospital for rodenticide ingestions. Ten of the 14 patients ingested Vacor Rat Poison (N-3-pyridylmethyl N'-p-nitrophenyl urea). Small children could easily mistake Vacor, which resembles corn meal, for breakfast cereal. To intervene for safer packaging of toxic substances, pediatricians need to be aware of the health hazard posed to children by attractive packaging.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Poisonous fish: first aid in cases of poisoning].

The author reveals aspects regarding the main fish species, vertebrate marine animals, having a habitat in our coastal area or which frequently visit our coasts which can produce some sort of poisonous lesion in humans whenever humans come into contact with these fish in their natural environment either accidentally or be being handled, especially while fishing. The author describes and identifies the species most frequently found in Spanish waters, pointing out their characteristics as well as the lesions they can produce, highlighting their symptoms and the corresponding recommended treatment in situ and in health centers.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative immunological study of protein extracts of poisonous and non-poisonous fishes (author's transl)].

Suggesting an immunologic participation in the pathogeny of the ciguateric syndroms, the authors have prepared a proteic antigen from the flesh of poisonous and edible fish of the same species. They have shown that there is a total common antigenicity between toxic and non toxic extracts. They suggest a new immunologic approach, in the matter of intoxication by ciguateric fish.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Late lesions due to poison gas in survivors of the Iraqi poison warfare against the Kurdish people].

The purpose of this contribution was to demonstrate the extent of destruction of the human being by toxic war gases especially mustard gas. In spite of being several kilometers away from the scene of explosion, the surviving patients showed different residual symptoms of poison gas effects especially within the range of the skin, the eyes and the respiratory tract. There has been no effective treatment of these lesions found till nowaday and there would be perhaps none in a near future. No pathogenic organism already known could ever give rise to such destruction of the organism within a very short time. To make a comparison, the epidemic plague of 1349 (also called the huge plague year) should be mentioned here. It claimed 800 victims daily in Paris, whereas the disastrous event in the city of Halabja caused the death of 5000 people within less than 10 minutes. That is to say 8 times more than the daily victims of one of the last big epidemics of the middle ages. It is hopeless to assume that the production of these and similar destructive agents in the long run will be terminated. It is to be hoped however, that this horrible weapon never be delivered to persons who make use of it unscrupulously, as is already happened with the Kurdish people in Iraq.

Chemical Warfare↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acute nicardipine and nifedipine poisoning. Multicenter study. Cooperative study by the french poison control centers and the ARIT].

A study, that was realized by the French Association of Poison Control Centers, tried to estimate the toxicity of Dihydropyridine derivatives towards human beings, in comparison with other calcium antagonists, said to be more toxic. Though, the toxicity of the Dihydropyridine derivatives happens to be far less important considering the rarity or absence of their cardiac effects, it must not however be underestimated in the case of a mass ingestion, or if they are taken simultaneously with psychotropic or cardiotropic drugs.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Organic changes in rabbits and rats in thiometon poisoning. II. Relation between ECG curve changes in rabbits and rats and cholinesterase inhibition and lysosomal hydrolase activation in acute thiometon poisoning].

ECG records were analysed in rabbits and rats administered with Intration. Similarly, analysed were ECG records in the animals which, apart from the insecticide, received PAM and Toxobidin. On administration of the pesticide, cardiasthenia and lowered tension of R and R waves, prolonged duration of PQ segments and QT intervals were found. In addition, some animals exhibited the first-degree a-v block and second-degree block in the form of Wencke-bach's period. On administration of PAM and Toxobidin ECG curve elements were largely normalized. This implies that some of the ECG impairments are reversible, which may be accounted for by inhibition and reactivation of AChE and AhE. On the other hand, ECG records did not demonstrate myocardial necrosis in pesticide-poisoned patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Organ changes in rabbits and rats in phosphothioaliphatic acid poisoning. I. Effect of inhibition of cholinesterase and various marker lysosomal hydrolases on organ changes in rabbits and rats in phosphothioaliphatic acid poisoning].

In the blood of rabbits and rats poisoned with Intration, after 1, 3, 6 and 10 days of the experiment activities of AChE and ChE as well as those of beta-GR, AcP, AP and KT were checked. In addition, in the cardiac muscle, kidneys and liver, marker lysosomal hydrolases, i.e. beta-GR and AcP were determined. A long-standing reduction in the activities of AChE and ChE and increase in the activities in the concentrations of nonphysiologically great lysosomal hydrolases and AP were noted. A correlation between the inhibition of cholinesterase and organic lesions was found. Lysosomal enzymes share the responsibility for the necrotic process or rabbits' and rats' cardiac muscles. The use of oximes (PAM and Toxobidine) considerably contributed to reactivation of AChE and ChE and to normalization of the test marker enzymes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hormonal induction of liver tyrosine aminotransferase in animals with chronic poisoning by hepatotropic poisons].

A study has been made of the effect of ethanol and CCl4 on hormonal induction of tyrosine aminotransferase in mouse liver. Both the hepatotropic poisons administered for a long time lose the induction effect and considerably reduce the same effect exerted by hydrocortisone. Microscopic study has revealed fatty dystrophy of the liver cells and even the formation of the areas of necrosis as a result of administering CCl4. The liver tissue stroma has been shown to develop reactive inflammation.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1980

[The problem of hemoperfusion in poisonings: ineffectiveness in maprotiline poisoning].

A case of self-poisoning with maprotiline presenting with coma stage III was treated by resin hemoperfusion for 9 hours using an XAD-4 resin cartridge. Plasma levels of about 800 ng/ml maprotilin were initially found. After 5 hours of hemoperfusion progredient clinical improvement was noticed without decreasing tendency of the blood drug levels. The theoretical extraction efficiency calculated from the maprotiline blood levels and the perfusion rate yielded 50 mg for maprotiline and 16 mg for desmethylmaprotiline and was in good agreement with 60.5 mg of maprotiline and 17.3 mg of desmethylmaprotiline recovered from the resin cartridge at the end of the hemoperfusion. The in vitro binding capacity for maprotiline was estimated to be 230 mg per g of resin. These results demonstrate that XAD-4 resin efficiently binds maprotiline. However, because of the very low blood concentrations due to the large volume of distribution, whole body concentrations are minimally affected by resin hemoperfusion. Main complications consisted in thrombocytopenia extending over 24 hours after stopping hemoperfusion, anemia, a short initial decrease of blood pressure and an episode of premature ventricular beats.

Anthracenes↗