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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Use of laparoscopically mobilized peritoneum in the creation of a neovagina.

OBJECTIVE: To present an alternative technique for the creation of a neovagina. DESIGN: Case study. SETTING: Academic university gynecology clinic. PATIENT(S): A patient diagnosed with müllerian agenesis. INTERVENTION(S): Laparoscopically assisted creation of a neovagina by using peritoneum. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Patient morbidity and satisfactory intercourse. RESULT(S): The patient underwent the procedure satisfactorily and was discharged within 24 hours. She had no perioperative or postoperative complications, and she became satisfactorily sexually active. CONCLUSION(S): The use of laparoscopically mobilized peritoneum in the creation of a neovagina provided the patient with a functional vagina, allowing satisfactory intercourse.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Role of endocrine status and cell type in adhesion of human endometrial cells to the peritoneum in nude mice.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of different cellular types (epithelial and stromal endometrial cells and peritoneal cells) in the ectopic implantation of endometrium and to evaluate the importance of endocrine environment on the adhesion of endometrial cells to the peritoneum. DESIGN: Experimental prospective study. SETTING: University hospital, department of cell biology. ANIMAL(S): One hundred one nude mice. INTERVENTION(S): Monolayer culture of human epithelial and stromal endometrial cells obtained from patients undergoing hysterectomy or laparoscopy for benign disease. Intraperitoneal injection of cells into nude mice. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Two weeks after cell injection, adhesion of endometrial cells was evaluated by histological and immunohistochemical examination. RESULT(S): Mixed cultures of stromal and epithelial cells, but not purified epithelial or stromal cells alone, adhered to the mouse peritoneum and led to endometriotic-like nodules. Pretreatment of cells with estrogen alone or with estrogen and progestin resulted in a higher percentage of animals developing endometriotic-like nodules, whereas treatment with progestin alone did not affect endometriotic implantation. CONCLUSION(S): Our data indicate that the success of endometrial cell implantation is dependent on the cooperativeness between stromal and epithelial endometrial cells, as well as on the endocrine environment of endometrial cells, but not that of recipient animals. The results emphasize the role of both endometrial cell types for ectopic implantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A serial section study of visually normal pelvic peritoneum in patients with endometriosis.

Defined criteria were used to select small samples of visually normal study peritoneum for serial section light microscopy in 45 patients with biopsy-proven endometriosis and 10 patients without endometriosis. A glandular element compatible with possible endometriosis was found in only 1 patient. Visually normal peritoneum does not harbor a high prevalence of invisible microscopic endometriosis.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2001

Non-closure of visceral peritoneum at abdominal hysterectomy.

Our purpose was to determine whether non-closure of the visceral peritoneum alters post-operative outcome at abdominal hysterectomy. A prospective, randomized trial was performed. Of the 100 evaluable subjects, 50 had the visceral peritoneum left open whereas 50 were closed. Patients were observed for evidence of morbidity after the operation. Analysis of data was performed with use of the unpaired t-test for continuous variables. The visceral peritonization process at abdominal hysterectomy does not provide immediate post-operative benefits while unnecessarily lengthening surgical time and anesthesia exposure. We suggest that visceral peritonization process can be abolished at abdominal hysterectomy.

Female↗
PubMed1979

Biosynthesis of prostaglandin (PGI2) and 12L-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) by pericardium, pleura, peritoneum and aorta of the rabbit.

Prostacyclin generation by pericardium, pleura, peritoneum, aorta and dura mater of the rabbit was assessed as platelet aggregation inhibitory activity in platelet rich plasma. All tissues except the dura mater, were also incubated with labelled (1-14C) arachidonic acid and (1-14C) prostaglandin endoperoxide H2 and the various metabolites formed were identified radiochromatographically. Pericardium, pleura and peritoneum form substantially high amounts of prostacyclin and HETE indicating that these tissues contain both cyclo-oxygenase and prostacyclin-synthetase. They also show considerable lipoxygenase activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Expression of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in peritoneum and pericardium in the rat embryo by in situ hybridization histochemistry.

Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression in the thorax and abdomen was studied by in situ hybridization in rat tissue sections obtained from embryonic day 12 (E12) to E16. On E12 no signal was observed in any region. On E13 the first signals were detected particularly in serous membranes such as pericardium and peritoneum. By E14, the signal was strong in these membranes. On E15 the signal markedly diminished, and on E16 no signal was evident in serous membranes. This stage-specific expression of CRF mRNA in developing pericardium and peritoneum suggests that this peptide acts in pericardial and peritoneal development.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Ureteral implantation in peritoneum. Exceptional complication in renal transplantation].

Because of the extraperitoneal location, generally used for renal grafting, intraperitoneal urine leaks are a rare complication after transplantation. We report a patient on peritoneal dialysis who developed ascites, abdominal pain, anuria and shock suddenly after renal transplantation. The patient was immediately taken back to the operating room. An abnormal implantation of ureter into the peritoneum overlying the bladder when carrying out an unstented parallel incision extravesical ureterone-ocystostomy was identified. After correcting ureter implantation the patient had immediate diuresis, renal function rapidly improved, with no further complications. Contributing causes were poor exposure, thickened peritoneum secondary to recurrent peritonitis, and the presence of residual peritoneal dialysis fluid.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Pain during peritoneum pinching, a pathognomonic sign of peritoneal disease. Clinical research. Semiological value].

Pain induced by pinching the peritoneum betrays a pathology of that membrane. It is absent when the peritoneum is perfectly healthy. Pain is elicited by a special palpation technique. Clinically and statistically, the presence of this pain is pathognomonic, but it does not inform on the aetiology. In the present study the most frequent causes of positive abdominal peritoneal pinching test were peritoneal tuberculosis, followed by portal hypertension with or without liver cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Comparative carbon dioxide output through injured and noninjured peritoneum during laparoscopic procedures.

Tension pneumoperitoneum may force gas into a small injured vessel if the opening is kept patent by surrounding tissues. However, the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) that penetrates through injured or noninjured peritoneum has not been systematically determined. In 25 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic ultrasonography and cholecystectomy, CO2 output (VCO2) and O2 uptake (VO2) were measured at baseline and during anesthesia, pneumoperitoneum, laparoscopic surgical procedure (Surgery), and after hemostasis of the surgical field (Postsurgery). Before anesthesia, VCO2/BSA and VO2/BSA were 97.7 +/- 11.3 and 116.0 +/- 10.0 ml x min(-1) x m(-2), respectively. During anesthesia, they fell to 72.3 +/- 6.0 and 89.8 +/- 7.6 ml x min(-1) x m(-2), respectively (p < 0.05). VCO2/BSA increased to 96.0 +/- 11.1 at pneumoperitoneum (p < 0.05) and increased further to 126.1 +/- 11.0 ml x min(-1) x m(-2) at Surgery. It fell to 111.7 +/- 10.9 ml x min(-1) x m(-2) Postsurgery. VO2/BSA remained unchanged during pneumoperitoneum. Minute volume increased from 2.24 +/- 0.20 in anesthesia to 2.89 +/- 0.25, 4.01 +/- 0.32, and 3.46 +/- 0.28 L x min(-1) x m(-2) during pneumoperitoneum, Surgery, and Postsurgery, respectively, to maintain PaCO2. We conclude that the amount of CO2 absorbed following pneumoperitoneum prior to surgery is lower than that during Surgery or Postsurgery. The amount of CO2 absorbed through the surgical field was 2.3 times higher than that through the nonsurgical field while that from the peritoneum after hemostasis of surgical field was 1.6 times higher.

Absorption↗
PubMed1997

Calcifying fibrous pseudotumour of visceral peritoneum.

AIMS: Calcifying fibrous pseudotumour, a recently characterized rare but distinctive lesion, has been reported previously only in soft tissues and in the pleura. We describe four cases of calcifying fibrous pseudotumour which arose in the visceral peritoneum of the small bowel and stomach. METHODS AND RESULTS: In contrast to the calcifying fibrous pseudotumour of soft tissues which generally occurs in children, all four cases in our report occurred in adults. We consider the calcifying fibrous pseudotumour to be a distinctive tissue reaction. CONCLUSIONS: Its characteristic appearance of concentric whorls of lamellated collagen associated with psammoma bodies and other forms of dystrophic calcification is entirely different from all other lesions displaying hyaline collagenous deposits, such as inflammatory pseudotumour, desmoid, hyalinizing granuloma or fibrous plaques of peritoneum.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Immunohistochemical detection of an AGE, a ligand for macrophage receptor, in peritoneum of CAPD patients.

BACKGROUND: In patients on long-term continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), ultrafiltration (UF) capacity of peritoneal membrane may be impaired due to accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). This study aimed to elucidate the characteristics of a novel anti-AGE antibody, ODI-GLC19, and to demonstrate AGE accumulation in the peritoneum of CAPD patients using the antibody. METHODS: A monoclonal anti-AGE antibody (ODI-GLC19) was prepared by immunizing female balb/c mice using D-glucose-modified keyhole limpet hemocyanin. The characteristics of ODI-GLC19 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and receptor binding inhibition assay. Immunohistochemistry using ODI-GLC19 was performed to detect AGE in peritoneal tissues obtained from patients with nonrenal disease, and CAPD patients with normal and low UF. RESULTS: ODI-GLC19 reacted with glycolaldehyde-modified BSA (GA-BSA) and glucose-modified BSA (GLC-BSA), but not with imidazolone or N epsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine. GA-BSA and GLC-BSA strongly bound to cultured macrophages. Time-dependent recognition of newly formed GA-BSA by ODI-GLC19 was similar to that by macrophages. The binding of GA-BSA to macrophages was inhibited by ODI-GLC19 in a dose-dependent manner. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that ODI-GLC19-positive AGE was exclusively detected in peritoneal cells including macrophages, and its staining intensity was more prominent in the peritoneum of CAPD patients, especially with low UF, than in patients with nonrenal disease. CONCLUSIONS: A novel monoclonal anti-AGE antibody, ODI-GLC19, recognizes a ligand for an AGE receptor on macrophages. Incorporation of AGE into peritoneal cells including macrophages may be involved in progressive peritoneal dysfunction in CAPD patients.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Smooth muscle in the female pelvic peritoneum: a clinicopathological analysis of 31 women.

AIM: To study the presence and morphological features of smooth muscle in the subcoelomic mesenchyme with the aim of establishing both a normal range for the female pelvis, and its possible relationship to endometriosis, diffuse peritoneal leiomyomatosis (LPD) and other forms of 'müllerianosis'. METHODS: Seventy laparoscopically obtained pelvic peritoneal biopsies accessioned over a 16-month period were examined from 31 women clinically suspected of endometriosis. These biopsies were selected for the presence of assessable, appropriately oriented peritoneum, sufficiently distant from focal endometriosis to allow a presumption of 'normality'. The histological features and morphometric measurements of smooth muscle in these biopsies were documented. Pathological changes, where present, were recorded. RESULTS: Focal endometriosis was identified in 28 (40%) of the biopsies, nine (12.9%) displayed other manifestations of 'müllerianosis', 11 (15.7%) showed focal chronic inflammation or fibrosis only, and 22 (31.4%) displayed no specific pathological changes. Of 70 biopsies, 52 contained smooth muscle within the subcoelomic mesenchyme, directly below the peritoneal mesothelium. Biopsies in which smooth muscle was identified were predominantly from the region of the uterosacral ligaments (16/18) and pelvic side wall (22/25). The biopsies without a smooth muscle layer were predominantly from the pararectal area (7/8) or the rectal serosa (2/4). Where present, smooth muscle varied in prominence, depth, thickness of the layer and organisation of muscle bundles. Patterns ranged from thin, widely spaced and wispy fibres to a more or less continuous band of either horizontally and/or vertically organised fibres. Both focal and diffuse arrangements were evident. 'Neovascularisation' was observed laparoscopically in some areas that corresponded with prominent smooth muscle development. CONCLUSIONS: Smooth muscle occurs sufficiently frequently immediately beneath the peritoneum of the female pelvis, and with a sufficiently predictable anatomical distribution, to be regarded as a normal component of the microanatomy of this tissue in the patients studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

General anesthesia using the laryngeal mask airway during brief, laparoscopic inspection of the peritoneum in children.

The authors prospectively examined the cardiorespiratory changes seen with general anesthesia using the laryngeal mask with spontaneous ventilation during brief laparoscopic inspection of the peritoneum in children. Anesthesia consisted of halothane in 50% oxygen/air and a caudal epidural block. The patient was allowed to ventilate spontaneously without assistance. Baseline measurements of heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2), tidal volume, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation were recorded every 1 min for 5 min prior to the start of laparoscopy and every minute during the laparoscopic procedure. A total of 15 patients were enrolled in the study ranging in age from 15 to 90 months (35.5 +/- 23.8 months) and in weight from 10 to 26.4 kg (14.9 +/- 4.9 kg). The length of the laparoscopy varied from 3 to 9 min (6.1 +/- 2.1 min). Although clinically insignificant, there was an increase in the heart rate from a baseline value of 141 +/- 9 to 148 +/- 9 beats/min (p = 0.0016) and in the SBP from a baseline value of 97 +/- 6 mm Hg to 101 +/- 7 mm Hg (p = 0.0087). The baseline tidal volume prior to the start of laparoscopy was 5.2 +/- 1.1 mL/kg and increased to 6.4 +/- 1.4 mL/kg during laparoscopy (p < 0.0001) while the respiratory rate increased from 32 +/- 4 to 40 +/- 6 breaths/min (p < 0.0001). ETCO2 increased from a baseline value of 47 +/- 6 to 53 +/- 6 torr (p = 0.0059). The maximum value of the ETCO2 was 55 torr or greater in 6 patients, exceeded 60 torr in 3 patients, with a maximum value of 63 torr. The increased ETCO2 returned to baseline within 2 to 7 min (4.7 +/- 1.5 min) following completion of the laparoscopy. There was no significant change in oxygen saturation. Our initial experience suggests that general anesthesia may be provided using the laryngeal mask during brief laparoscopic inspection of the peritoneum.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1998

Neutrophil migration into the peritoneum is P-selectin dependent, but sequestration in lungs is selectin independent during peritonitis.

Neutrophil (PMN) influx into the peritoneal cavity in response to bacterial peritonitis is an indispensable aspect of host defense. PMNs also are responsible for the remote organ injury observed after major abdominal infection. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of selectin blockade on PMN migration into the peritoneum and on PMN sequestration in the lungs, early in the course of peritonitis. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was performed on P-selectin-deficient (P-def) mice and their genetic controls (C57). Both groups were treated with anti-E-selectin antibody, anti-L-selectin, or isotypic control immunoglobulin G at the time of CLP. 6 h after CLP, mice were sacrificed. Peritoneal PMN migration decreased in P-def mice compared with C57 controls after CLP. Blockade of E- or L-selectin alone in controls did not alter peritoneal PMN influx or circulating PMNs after CLP. In the P-def mice, treatment with anti-E-antibody or anti-L-antibody nearly eliminated PMN influx into the peritoneum. In contrast, circulating PMNs markedly increased after CLP in P-def mice when compared with baseline values. Lung myeloperoxidase increased in all groups of mice following CLP. Blockade of P-selectin with anti-P-selectin antibody elicited a response similar to that observed in the P-def mice. In conclusion, P-selectin mediates PMN influx into the peritoneal cavity, while E- and L-selectins do not appear to play any significant role in the 6 h time period following CLP. Lung PMN sequestration, after CLP, occurred independent of P-, E-, or L-selectin expression. Blockade of P-selectin during peritonitis appears to be potentially deleterious by preventing early PMN influx into the compartment containing the septic focus.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The development of the genital peritoneum in domestic mammals. An analysis of the literature and nomenclature.

This review presents and discusses the reasons for the currently employed anatomical terminology relating to the genital peritoneum of various domestic species, based upon its prenatal development. When reviewing the development of genital organs, attention must be paid to changes in the related peritoneum in order to define currently used terminology more clearly. The relevance of some terms such as Caudal genital ligament, Plica gubernaculi, Plica iguinalis and genital fold is considered. A system of serosal folds, the Plica gonadoinguinalis or genitoinguinalis, seems to be a useful term to be added to the Nomina Embryologica Veterinaria.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

A randomised controlled trial of the closure or non-closure of peritoneum at caesarean section: effect on post-operative pain.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the analgesic requirement in the post-operative period after closure or non-closure of the peritoneum at the caesarean delivery with a standardised anaesthetic and surgical technique. DESIGN: A randomised double-blind controlled trial was performed on 100 women who underwent elective caesarean delivery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Analgesic requirement assessed by morphine usage via patient controlled analgesia pump over the first 24-hour period after surgery, oral analgesia used during the first four days, postoperative pain assessed by a visual analogue scale and a verbal rating scale, and patient satisfaction assessed by verbal rating scale were the main outcome measures. RESULTS: Pain scores at 24 hours were similar in both groups (43.5 in closure and 40.5 in non-closure) but during the first 24 hours the non-closure group had used significantly less morphine than the closure group (0.64 mg/kg of body weight vs 0.82 mg/kg, P = 0.04). The patients in non-closure group had significantly higher satisfaction scores after 24 hours than the closure group. CONCLUSION: Non-closure of both visceral and parietal peritoneum at the caesarean section produces a significant reduction in the post-operative use of patient controlled analgesia pump morphine and significantly higher patient satisfaction at 24 hours post-operatively.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Enhancement of the transmesothelial resistance of the parietal sheep peritoneum by epinephrine in vitro: ussing-type chamber experiments.

The peritoneal mesothelium constitutes an ion transport barrier that is taken advantage of in peritoneal dialysis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of epinephrine on the electrical transmesothelial resistance (R(TM)) of the isolated parietal sheep peritoneum by means of Ussing-type chamber experiments. Intact parietal (diaphragmatic) peritoneal samples were obtained from adult sheep immediately after sacrifice and transferred within 0.5 h to the laboratory in a cooled Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution (4 degrees C, pH 7.5), bubbled with 95% O2-5% CO2. A parietal peritoneal planar sheet was mounted in a Ussing-type chamber. Epinephrine (10(-7) M) was added to the apical and the basolateral side. The R(TM) was measured before and serially after the addition of epinephrine for 30 min. As active ion transport is temperature-dependent, all measurements were performed at 37 degrees C. The results were calculated as means with standard errors (x +/- SE) of six independent experiments. The control R(TM) was 20.05 +/- 0.61 ohm x cm2. The addition of epinephrine to the basolateral side within 1 min induced an increase of R(TM) to 21.8 +/- 0.45 ohm x cm2, which decreased thereafter progressively to reach control values again after 15 min. A similar effect of epinephrine on the apical side was apparent with a rapid rise of R(TM) to 22.5 +/- 0.66 ohm x cm2 and a subsequent decrease (P < 0.05). A clear association between the R(TM) and active ion transport was established from previous studies. The results of our study indicate a rapid action of epinephrine on the parietal peritoneum permeability.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Leukotriene B4 receptor (BLT-1) modulates neutrophil influx into the peritoneum but not the lung and liver during surgically induced bacterial peritonitis in mice.

Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a rapidly synthesized, early neutrophil chemoattractant that signals via its cell surface receptor, BLT-1, to attract and activate neutrophils during peritonitis. BLT-1-deficient (BLT-1(-/-)) mice were used to determine the effects of LTB4 on neutrophil migration and activation, bacterial levels, and survival after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Male BLT-1(-/-) or wild-type (WT) BALB/c mice underwent CLP. Tissues were harvested for determination of levels of bacteria, myeloperoxidase (MPO), LTB4, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), and neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocyte [PMN]) numbers at 4 and 18 h after CLP. PMN activation was determined by an assessment of phagocytosis ability and CD11b expression. Survival was also determined. BLT-1(-/-) mice had decreased numbers of PMNs in the peritoneum at both 4 and 18 h after CLP but increased numbers of PMNs in the blood at 18 h compared with WT mice. Liver and lung MPO levels were significantly higher in BLT-1(-/-) mice at both 4 and 18 h after CLP, with increased bacterial levels in the blood, the liver, and peritoneal fluid at 4 h. Bacterial levels remained higher in peritoneal fluid at 18 h, but blood and liver bacterial levels at 18 h were not different from levels at 4 h. PMN phagocytosis and CD11b levels were decreased in BLT-1(-/-) mice. LTB4 levels were similar between the groups before and after CLP, but MIP-2 levels were decreased both locally and systemically in BLT-1(-/-) mice. Survival was significantly improved in BLT-1(-/-) mice (71%) compared with WT mice (14%) at 48 h post-CLP. Thus, LTB4 modulates neutrophil migration into the mouse peritoneum, but not the lung or liver, after CLP. Despite higher bacterial and PMN levels at remote sites, there was increased survival in BLT-1(-/-) mice compared to WT mice. Decreased PMN activation may result in less remote organ dysfunction and improved survival.

Animals↗