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PubMed1992

Specificity of the proteus antibody response in rheumatoid arthritis.

Antibodies to proteus were determined by indirect immunofluorescence in 146 serum samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). An autoantibody screen was performed in the same samples and in 52 of these antibody titres to the viruses influenza A, adenovirus, rubella, and parvovirus were determined. There was no significant correlation between proteus antibodies and any of the other antibodies tested. Dividing the samples into those from patients with active (C reactive protein > 10 mg/l) and inactive RA showed that the only antibodies to be significantly increased in active RA were the proteus antibodies. These observations suggest that the proteus antibody response in RA is specific.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1992

P blood group phenotype, proteus antibody titres, and rheumatoid arthritis.

The interrelationships between P blood group phenotype, proteus antibodies and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were investigated in 140 patients with RA and 114 of their siblings who did not have RA. In the group with RA P2 subjects had significantly higher titres of proteus antibodies than P1 patients. This was not observed in the group without RA, or for antibodies to Escherichia coli. Although C reactive protein was the best predictor of proteus antibodies in the group with RA, the P blood group had an independent and significant influence. These observations suggest a testable model in which asymptomatic carriage of proteus in the urinary tract may lead to antibody production, which in turn may be important in the pathogenesis of RA.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1991

Cell-free and cell-bound hemolytic activities of Proteus penneri determined by different Hly determinants.

A collection of 45 Proteus penneri strains was characterized with respect to their hemolytic activity and representative cell-free or only cell-bound hemolysin possessing strains were chosen for further study. Extracellular Proteus penneri hemolysin, which was investigated earlier by hybridization, reacted with monospecific antiserum against alpha-hemolysin of Escherichia coli. In this paper we also show, using the colony hybridization technique, that the alpha-hemolysin-like determinant is widely distributed among Proteus penneri strains. Because one of the strains tested, which expressed a high activity of cell-bound hemolytic factor, did not carry such a Hly determinant, the presence of a second hemolysin is postulated. We cannot demonstrate any difference in hybridization patterns of alpha- and beta-hemolytic Proteus penneri strains and accumulation of the toxin molecule inside the cells was also not observed. The existence of another control mechanism, external to the hly operon, for hemolysin gene is suggested.

Blotting, Southern↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibition of motility and adherence of Proteus mirabilis to uroepithelial cells by subinhibitory concentrations of amikacin.

The effect of subinhibitory concentrations of amikacin on Proteus mirabilis motility and adherence to human uroepithelial and to HeLa cells was compared with that of gentamicin. In addition, the effect of both antibiotics on cell surface hydrophobicity was also examined. Exposure of bacterial cells in the logarithmic phase to one fourth of amikacin or gentamicin at one fourth of their respective minimal inhibitory concentrations causes the inhibition of swarming and motility of Proteus strains. Amikacin significantly reduced adhesion of Proteus strains to human uroepithelial cells and gentamicin exerts the same effect to a lesser extent. Such inhibitory concentrations of amikacin or gentamicin had no significant effect on the attachment ability of these strains to HeLa cells compared to the nontreated cells. Treatment of the bacterial cells with amikacin or gentamicin changed significantly the cell surface hydrophobicity towards the hydrophilic state compared to nontreated cells, and it was found to be strain dependent. Since motility and attachment ability are considered as pathogenic traits, these data indicate the impact of amikacin on the virulence factors especially in urinary tract infections with Proteus strains.

Amikacin↗

PubMed1976

[Bacteria of the Proteus genus in surface waters].

The authors present the results of quantitative and qualitative detection of bacteria of the Proteus group in the surface waters of various degree of contamination. By the new method of study there was revealed a number of regularities reflecting the ecology of these microbes in water. There proved to be a distinct correlation between the degree of water contamination by salmonellae and Proteus at various seasons of the year (the prevalence in spring and autumn and reduction in summer and winter). Pr. morgani prevailed over the other Proteus species in the water bodies relatively clean by other indices, this pointing to their prolonged survival and possibly reproduction in surface waters. This accounted for the correlation between the quantitative content of salmonellae and Proteus in highly contaminated waters in towns and a discrepancy in these indices lower than the town boundaries, where the processes of water self-purification begin to prevail.

Ecology↗

PubMed2002

Precocious puberty in a female with Proteus Syndrome.

Proteus syndrome is a complex disorder comprising malformations and overgrowth of multiple tissues and characterized by its polymorphism and mosaicism. The syndrome is rare and sporadic. Oliveira M da C et al reported the first case of Proteus syndrome associated with precocious puberty in a boy. We are reporting a case of a 7-month old girl with Proteus syndrome who developed a juvenile granulosa cell tumor in one ovary causing precocious puberty. At our knowledge this is the first case of Proteus syndrome with precocious puberty in a female.

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Experimental substantiation of the possibility to obtain anti-Proteus plasma].

The possibility to produce the anti-Proteus plasma is experimentally substantiated. It is determined that polyvalent Proteus antigen immunization permits producing blood immune preparation, that is the high-active anti-Proteus plasma. its antibodies belonging to the class of immunoglobulin G. The anti-Proteus plasma in liquid (at t = 6 degrees divided by 2 degrees C) and in frozen (at t = 20 degrees-5 degrees C) forms retains the specific activity for 3 days and 6 months, respectively.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

[Proteus syndrome with cerebral vascular malformations].

INTRODUCTION: Proteus syndrome is a congenital hamartomatous dysplasia. This sporadic disorder involves the skeletal system, soft tissues, skin and vascular system. The most likely pathogenesis involves somatic mosaicism. Main manifestations included soft-tissue and epidermal nevi, partial gigantism, hemihypertrophy, exostoses, lipomas and vascular anomalies. The most common brain abnormalities are hemimegencephaly and migrational disorders. We present a case of Proteus syndrome with cerebral vascular anomalies which are not described previously. CLINICAL CASE: Our patient is a 61 year-old male who has hypertrophy of the four limbs, macrodactyly and hypertrophy of chest and abdomen asymmetric with mild facial asymmetry. Prominent and abundant of the four extremities and trunk, also asymmetric. Vascular tumors in the skin of trunk and left limb. Cerebral MRI shows venous angiomas and multiple cavernous malformations. CONCLUSION: Clinical diagnostic criteria of Proteus syndrome are documented in our patient. He also has brain vascular malformations which are not described previously in the literature. We consider that both findings are not a product of causality due to the high prevalence of systemic vascular hamartomatous malformations in these patients. We hypothesize that a single mutation, probably involving genes in relation with apoptotic control will be responsible of Proteus syndrome and cerebral vascular anomalies in our patient, due to a defect of angiogenesis.

Brain↗

PubMed1989

[Erythrocytic diagnostic agents for determining antibodies to Proteus O antigens].

Highly sensitive and specific erythrocyte diagnostic agents (ED) for the determination of antibodies to Proteus O-antigens have been obtained by the sensitization of formolated sheep red blood cells (SPBC) with activated lipopolysaccharides (LPS) without the use of mediators. The tannin treatment of formolated SRBC and/or the increase of temperature from 45 degrees C to 100 degrees C in the process of the preparation of ED have been found to produce no increase in effectiveness. Antibody ED permitting the detection of Proteus O- and H-antigens has been obtained by the sensitization of formolated chick red blood cells with immunoglobulin preparations to Proteus hydroxylamine antigens, carried out with the use of amidol. The experiments have shown the possibility of using this antibody ED for the determination of O-antibodies in the antigen neutralization test with nonactivated LPS used as an agglutinating agent. The passive hemagglutination test with antibody ED has proved to be a more sensitive method for the detection of O-antibodies than the antigen neutralization test with antigenic ED. The determination of Proteus etiology in the passive hemagglutination test with the use of antigenic ED has been shown to be highly effective in the examination of patients with chronic osteomyelitis at the stage of exacerbation.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

[Antagonistic interrelationships of Bifidobacterium bifidum i Proteus vulgaris in vitro in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic chicks].

The antagonistic relations between Bacterium bifidum, strain I/850 phi, and Proteus vulgaris, strain F-30, were studied. These organisms, when introduced together in equal doses into the digestive tract of gnotobiotic chickens in a single administration, were shown to create certain ecological correlations in various organs with the prevalence of bifidobacteria which exerted no negative influence on Proteus vulgaris. The additional daily administration of bifidobacteria for 3 days running in doses 1000 times as great as the initial dose, the content of both dibifobacteria and Proteus vulgaris in the intestine being at that time at its maximum, resulted in the suppression of the growth of Proteus vulgaris. Our findings indicate that the influence of the pH of the medium should be considered in order to obtain the evidence of significantly pronounced antagonistic relations between the two organisms in vitro.

Actinomycetaceae↗

PubMed1983

[Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus sensitivity to antibiotics and their combinations when cultured together].

Antibiotic sensitivity of Ps. aeruginosa associated with Proteus was lower than that of Ps. aeruginosa monocultures. This might result to some extent from interrelationships between Ps. aeruginosa and Proteus. Tobramycin, gentamicin and cephotaxim (claforan) proved to be the most active against Proteus cultures isolated from the associations. Eight combinations of gentamicin and tobramycin with carbenicillin, ampicillin or cephotaxim were tested. It was shown that the activity of all the combinations with respect to Ps. aeruginosa and Proteus was almost the same. No indifference or antagonism was observed. The combinations may be recommended for clinical use.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1994

[Determination of bacteriocinogenic types of strains of Proteus mirabilis].

The study was aimed at determination of bacterioenzymogenic activity of 351 Proteus strains (337 strains of Proteus mirabilis and 14 strains of Proteus Vulgaris) isolated in laboratory of Pediatric Institute of the Medical Academy in Lódź, mostly from urine (222 strains) and feces (99 strains). for determination of bacteriocinogenic properties, 15 index strains "S" were used. Of these, six were from collection of Senior (The University of Dundee Medical School, Scotland) and 9 from own Piatkowski collection (Lódź University). Detection of bacteriocinogenic strains and determination of their activity toward 15 index strains was performed by an own method (15). Out of total 551 strains tested, bacteriocinogenic properties were found in 263 (75%) of strains. Remaining 88 (25%) strains did not inhibit any of the 15 index strains. Sixty-two different types of bacteriocinogenicity were found. The results suggest that bacteriocinogenic typing of Proteus mirabilis strains permits for more precise characterization of properties of these bacteria useful for epidemiological purposes, than by application of other methods.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗

PubMed1976

[Inhibition of Proteus sp. by Nalidixic acid].

The investigation comprised 192-positive and Gram-negative strains of bacteria, including 111 Proteus sp. The degree of resistance of these strains to nalidixic-acid was investigated on blood agar with 25 mug, 40 mug, and 50 mug nalidixin-acid per ml medium. None of the Proteus strains were able to grow on medium with 50 mug nalidixic-acid per ml, whereas Streptococcus sp., Corynebacterium pyogenes, Peptococcus indolicus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and beta-toxic staphylococci all were found resistant to this concentration (Tables I and II), and could be reisolated in pure culture after having grown together with a Proteus strain on such medium (Table III). Blood agar with 50 mug nalidixic-acid per ml is therefore suitable for isolation of the above mentioned Gram-positive bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Proteus contaminated material.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗

PubMed1997

Patchy dermal hypoplasia as a characteristic feature of Proteus syndrome.

BACKGROUND: The diagnostic criteria of Proteus syndrome include various lesions of localized overgrowth such as digital gigantism, hemihyperplasia with unilateral macrocephaly, epidermal nevus, and mesodermal hamartomas such as lipoma, lymphangioma, hemangioma, or fibroma. Hyperplasia of the plantar dermal tissue may result in a characteristic cerebriform appearance. However, hypoplastic lesions involving various tissues such as subcutaneous fat or muscles also may be observed in this syndrome. This paradoxical phenomenon has so far been underestimated, and the presence of circumscribed lesions of dermal hypoplasia has been entirely ignored. OBSERVATIONS: We report 4 cases of Proteus syndrome associated with large patches of dermal hypoplasia, resulting in a more prominent appearance of venous vasculature. CONCLUSIONS: Patchy dermal hypoplasia appears to be a characteristic feature within the spectrum of Proteus syndrome. The anomaly should not be confused with partial lipohypoplasia that may likewise be associated with this multisystem birth defect. From a review of the literature, we conclude that patchy dermal hypoplasia may have occurred in several previous cases. In the future, recognition of this cutaneous anomaly may help to establish the diagnosis in otherwise doubtful cases. To explain the coexistence of lesions of dermal hyperplasia and hypoplasia, we propose the genetic concept of "twin spotting." At the gene locus of Proteus syndrome the embryo would carry 1 allele giving rise to dermal overgrowth, whereas the corresponding allele would be responsible for a diminished proliferation of cutaneous fibroblasts. Somatic recombination may result in 2 different populations of cells homozygous for either allele.

Child↗

PubMed1977

Typing of Proteus strains by proticine production and sensitivity.

A simple, reliable and highly discriminating scheme for the bacteriocine typing of Proteus has been developed. Strains are typed on MacConkey's agar according to their ability to produce a proticine active against one of 14 indicator strains having a single and specific proticine sensitivity and also according to their sensitivity to the different proticines of 13 proticine-producing strains. This new scheme of combined production and sensitivity typing was formulated after 250 strains of Proteus from clinical material had been examined for the production of proticines active against the 24 indicator strains of Cradock-Watson's proticine typing scheme and for proticine activity and sensitivity towards each other. Three new types of proticinogenic strains were discovered and defined. Strains producing proticines of types 1, 2 and 3 were isolated frequently. These common proticines could be subtyped by their different actions on newly characterised indicator strains. By means of this production/sensitivity (P/S) typing scheme, 250 Proteus strains were differentiated into 90 distinct types, whereas typing by sensitivity alone distinguished only 40 types and typing by production alone distinguished only 20 types (including subtypes).

Bacteriocins↗

PubMed1986

[Comparative evaluation of different methods for typing bacteria in the genus Proteus].

The work presents the comparative evaluation of different methods used for differentiating bacteria of the genus Proteus. A scheme of the combined typing of Proteus is presented. This scheme includes the determination of enzymatic and serological variants with the subsequent additional bacteriocinogenic and phage typing. Among the Proteus strains in our collection (600 strains), 123 sero-enzymatic variants, 71 enzymo-lysogenic variants, 64 enzymo-bacteriocinogenic variants, 162 sero-lysogenic variants, 164 sero-bacteriocinogenic variants and 52 bacteriocinogeno-lysogenic variants have been detected.

Bacteriophage Typing↗

PubMed1985

[Characteristics of bacteria in the genus Proteus isolated from patients with sporadic and group intestinal diseases].

The biochemical and biological properties of 148 Proteus strains isolated from patients both in sporadic intestinal infections and in a case of group infection in children's hospital was studied. The study revealed that the etiological factor of the group infection was P. mirabilis belonging to rare serovar 48:2. Proteus organisms isolated in sporadic infections belonged to a great number of serovars. No relationship between the isolated serovar and the nosological form of the intestinal disease was established. Among the Proteus strains under study, 82 strains showed atypical biochemical properties in 1 test or more. No correlation between the clinical diagnosis and the occurrence of atypical strains was established.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1989

Rheumatoid arthritis and Proteus: a possible aetiological association.

The presence of specific anti-Proteus antibodies in active, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, has been demonstrated by four different techniques: indirect bacterial agglutination, ELISA, Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, anti-HLA-DR4 tissue typing sera have been shown to bind to Proteus microorganisms, thereby suggesting some molecular similarity or cross-reactivity between bacteria and HLA antigens. The concept is proposed that Proteus-reactive arthritis occurs during active phases of RA and tissue damage is mediated through immunological activity involving HLA antigens.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗