Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “POLAND”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Twenty-year experience with multimodal treatment of gastric cancer patients in Poland].

BACKGROUND: Poland is among the countries with high morbidity and mortality rates for gastric carcinoma (GC). Differences of GC biology depending on the geographical regions were assumed. In the literature, there are no reports from detailed clinicopathologic studies carried out in large series of GC patients in Poland. METHODS: Based on the prospectively collected data of 3 696 GC patients treated surgically between 1977-1999, potentially significant prognostic factors were analyzed to assess their prognostic value, and their time related distribution during the over 20-year period of the study. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 59.0 (SD 11.6) years and ranged from 20 to 93 years. The male-to-female ratio was 2.3. Overall cumulative 5-year survival was 0.28 (for early GC 0.85) and significantly increased over the period of study. Among factors analyzed the depth of invasion, lymph nodes status, tumor size, age, UICC-R classification and ratio of involved to removed lymph nodes are of statistically significant and most important prognostic value. In the over 20-year period of study the rate of diffuse type carcinoma according to Laurén increased, but the tumor locations did not change significantly. The rate of early GC did not change throughout the period of study but number of most advanced cases decreased. Chemo- and chemoimmunotherapy improved outcomes in some groups of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The basic clinicopathologic profile of Polish patients is similar to that reported in Western Europe and Japan, except for significantly higher early GC occurrence in Japan. According to the obtained results the prognosis of GC depends clearly upon the stage of the disease at the time of surgery. The improvement of outcomes during over 20 years of GC study in Poland was due to introducing better diagnosis and routine multimodal treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Organization of tinnitus management in Poland.

Spontaneous idiopathic tinnitus is a significant interdisciplinary therapeutic problem. Based on different programs of tinnitus treatment, we organized a team of physicians, psychologists and engineers in order to establish the needs for the first Tinnitus Clinic in Poland. At the same time, together with number of clinical centres, scientific societies and non-governmental organizations, we carried out training and an information campaign throughout the country and initiated the first epidemiological studies survey about tinnitus in Poland. Over a period of 2 years we have provided care for almost 1000 patients, including them in a IS 24-month therapeutic program at the clinic. As a method of choice, Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT) based on a neurophysiological model of tinnitus origin is used. We present here epidemiological data on tinnitus and hyperacusis in Poland.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Estimation of iron, copper, zinc and manganese intake from duplicate diets provided by hospitals in Poland, 1993-96.

Daily intakes of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) from whole-day food rations composed by dieticians and collected in hospital canteens in Krakow, Lodz, Olsztyn and Poznan, Poland, in the winters of 1993/94, 1995 and 1996, were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The average intake of Fe, 14 mg x day(-1), was satisfactory for both women and men; 13 mg Zn fulfilled the safe level for women (taken as the recommended minimum level to meet the needs of 97.5% of the population) but it was too low for men, and 1.3 mg Cu corresponded to 65-72% of the safe level set for this microelement in Poland. There is no recommended level set in Poland for Mn, but compared with recommended levels in Germany and the USA, the determined daily Mn intake equal to 3.7 mg should be sufficient. Statistical analysis confirmed higher amounts of Zn and Mn in diets collected in Krakow, higher Cu content in diets from 1996, and lower Mn content in food collected in 1995.

Copper↗
PubMed2000

Poland's syndrome with lung cancer. A case report.

Poland's syndrome, a rare congenital anomaly characterized by pectoralis muscle defect, has been reported in association with lymphoreticular malignancies and some solid tumors. Lung cancer associated with Poland's syndrome has not been previously described. We present the first report of a case of Poland's syndrome associated with lung cancer and demonstrate the CT findings.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Effectiveness of hypertension treatment assessed by blood pressure level achieved in primary care setting in Poland.

The effectiveness of hypertension treatment remains low in many developed countries. The aim of our study was to evaluate the treatment effectiveness in hypertensives treated by general practitioners (GPs) in Poland. Twenty thousand three hundred and five hypertensive patients (mean age 60.1 +/- 12.0 years, 9918 women, 10 387 men), pharmacologically treated by 677 GPs in Poland, were investigated. Blood pressure (BP) in every patient was measured twice, within approximately a 5-min interval, in a seated position, using a mercury sphygmomanometer, after a rest of at least 10 min. Mean blood pressure from both measurements was used for further analysis. Measurements were carried out by a GP in the office. Every physician investigated 30 consecutive hypertensive patients. Of the investigated hypertensive patients treated, 8.3% had systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) < 90 mmHg (7.8% in women, 8.8% in men respectively; p > 0.05). Mean SBP in the investigated group was 161.9 +/- 20.4 mmHg, 162.7 +/- 20.8 mmHg in women and 161.1 +/- 20.1 mmHg in men, respectively; p < 0.05. Mean DBP was 95.4 +/- 11.0 mmHg. The difference between mean DBP in women (95.3 +/- 11.0 mmHg) and men (95.5 +/- 11.1 mmHg) was not significant, p > 0.05. Mean pulse pressure (PP) for the whole group was 66.5 +/- 16.3 mmHg. In this cohort, 26.7% of patients were treated with one, 37.6% with two, 26.7% with three, 8.2% with four and 0.8% with five antihypertensive drugs. Mean number of antihypertensive drugs prescribed for one hypertensive patient was 2.2 +/- 1.0. Effectiveness of hypertension treatment by GPs in Poland remained unsatisfactory despite frequent implementation of combined antihypertensive drug therapy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1994

Over 400 years of cancer control efforts in Poland.

The history of the struggle against cancer in Poland is presented from its beginning, marked by the first hospital for cancer patients established four centuries ago in Warsaw, to the implementation of the main goal of National Cancer Programmes, i.e., the recent construction of a large, modern Cancer Centre in Warsaw. Among the 100,000 new cancer cases each year in Poland, there are more than 70,000 deaths. In males, cancers most often involve the lung (30.5%), stomach (9.8%), larynx (5.5%), prostate (5.1%), and urinary bladder (5.0%). In females, cancers most often involve the breast (17.5%), cervix uteri (9.8%), lung (6.6%), stomach (6.2%), and ovary (6.2%). The estimated probabilities of five-year survival are 26.4% for males and 39.8% for females. Over 100 years of epidemiologic investigation have resulted in a clear epidemiologic picture of cancer in Poland.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

Genetic background of congenital chloride diarrhea in high-incidence populations: Finland, Poland, and Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.

Congenital chloride diarrhea (CLD) is an inherited intestinal disorder caused by mutations in the down-regulated in adenoma gene. In Finland, the disease is prevalent because of a founder effect, and all but one of the CLD-associated chromosomes carry the same mutation, V317del. In Poland, another area with a high incidence of CLD, as many as seven different mutations have been detected so far. A third known cluster of CLD, around the Persian Gulf, has not been genetically studied. We studied the allelic diversity of CLD in Poland, in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, and in three isolated families from North America and Hong Kong. Altogether, eight novel mutations were identified, making a total of 19 known CLD gene mutations. The Polish major mutation I675-676ins was found in 47% of the Polish CLD-associated chromosomes. Haplotype analysis and clustering of the I675-676ins mutation supported a founder effect and common ancestral origin. As in Finland, a major founder effect was observed in Arab patients: 94% of the CLD-associated chromosomes carried a nonsense mutation, G187X, which occurred in either a conserved ancestral haplotype or its derivative. Our data confirm that the same locus is mutated in all cases of CLD studied so far. In Poland, a relatively common founder mutation is likely to highlight a set of rare mutations that would very rarely produce homozygosity alone. This suggests that mutations in the CLD locus are not rare events. Although the disease is thought to be rare, undiagnosed patients may not be uncommon.

Chlorides↗
PubMed1997

Gender, the state, and constructing the old as dependent: lessons from the economic transition in Poland.

To critically examine the notion of the old as a "burden" to society, we use a political economic and gender-sensitive approach to explore the impact of the economic transition in Poland on retirement. Poland is an especially useful case for analyzing ways that divergent political economies shape the aging experiences of men and women, as differences between the two systems cannot be attributed to cultural variations. Overall, we find that old-age dependence in Poland is not inevitable; it is not created in a uniform manner for men and women; and it is not passively accepted by the old. Further, by examining economic activities in general, we show that retired men and women have been and are critical to the viability of both economic systems, albeit in different ways.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of patient exposure in computerised tomogram in Poland.

The increasing number of computerised tomography (CT) procedures performed in Poland in recent years has resulted in a growing contribution of these examinations to the whole exposure of the population to ionising radiation from medical sources. (The number of CT examinations in Poland was 170,000 in 1995 and 460,000 in 1999.) An evaluation is presented of doses to patients in CT examinations performed with different types of CT unit. To evaluate the exposure to patients dose linear product (DLP) was measured using a NOMEX dosemeter with a pencil chamber (PTW, Frieburg) and the cylindrical PMMA phantoms 'head' and 'body'. CTDI values were evaluated according to current methodology as described in European Guidelines (EUR 16262). The measurements were performed for seven types of CT unit made by different companies. The CTDI values were also compared to reference levels recommended by IAEA. In conclusion it was found that the value of collective effective dose (2200 man.Sv), has increased in Poland nearly 4 times in comparison to 1995, whereas the number of CT examinations increased nearly 3 times in this period. For most of the 'controlled' CT scanners the values of CTDI in head procedures are near to or higher than the IAEA Reference Level (50 mGy); this can result from the protocols, which are chosen without a dose analysis.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Poland's deformity reconstructions with a customized, extrasoft silicone prosthesis.

Chest and breast reconstruction with a customized prosthesis in 5 patients with Poland's syndrome are presented. The customized, textured silicone prostheses are fabricated from an extrasoft silicone polymer that more closely approximates the softness of natural tissue. Two women and three men underwent the reconstructive procedure. Both women had composite implants made of the solid, extrasoft polymer in the superior portion and silicone gel with a saline fill option for the breast portion. The men were reconstructed with solid, textured prostheses that filled the various chest deficiencies and irregularities of their Poland's deformity. Seroma formation was seen in 2 patients and needle aspirations were required to resolve the problem. All patients have comfortable, soft, and aesthetically acceptable results after a mean of 5 years. The reconstructive technique presented with this initial group of patients is a simple, alternative procedure to the more complex surgery of muscle transposition. The extrasoft polymer is an advance in implant technology that merits consideration for use in a customized prosthesis when reconstructing patients with Poland's syndrome deformity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Retrospective evaluation of 131I deposition density and thyroid dose in Poland after the Chernobyl accident.

The 131I deposition in Poland after the Chernobyl accident on 26 April 1986 was evaluated from the determined 129I deposition and the estimated 129I/131I ratio at the time of the arrival of fallout. Concentrations of 129I and 127I were determined by neutron activation analysis in uncultivated soils from 16 locations in Poland. Determination of 137Cs in soils was carried out by gamma spectrometry. The atomic ratio of 129I/131I at the time of fallout arrival was estimated using the 129I/131I ratio at the time of the accident, which, on the basis of the core inventory data, was assumed to be 22.8. It was estimated from the time of fallout arrival and from the weighed mean atomic ratio that the 129I/131I ratio for Poland was 32.8. The calculated 131I deposition ranged from 63.2 to 729 kBq m(-2). High deposition of 131I occurred in the locations with rainfall but occasionally also in locations without rainfall. Committed equivalent doses from 131I were evaluated for 5-y-old children, 10-y-old children, and adults using the computer model CLRP for the situations with and without countermeasures including iodine prophylaxis. The highest thyroid doses from inhalation and ingestion without countermeasures were 178 mSv, 120 mSv, and 45 mSv for 5-y-old children, 10-y-old children, and adults, respectively. The countermeasures reduced these doses by about 30%.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2002

Endoscopically assisted reconstruction of male and female poland syndrome.

Poland syndrome produces deformities of the breast and chest wall that can be highly disfiguring in both men and women. Incisions from traditional surgical approaches can be unsightly, especially if a muscle harvest is used as part of the reconstruction. Herein is described a case series in which minimally invasive techniques were used to reconstruct defects in male and female patients with Poland syndrome. When evaluating patients with Poland syndrome, one should consider using minimally invasive techniques as an alternative reconstructive option.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of poland syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Poland syndrome is a congenital nongenetic anomaly characterized by unilateral chest wall hypoplasia, ipsilateral hand abnormalities, and hemivertebrae. It has not ben described so far in the fetus. CASE: The patient was referred for suspected left-arm hypomelia at 22 weeks of gestation. On ultrasonography, we confirmed the presence of severe left-sided hypomelia and detected an asymmetry of the rib cage and 3 thoracic hemivertebrae. The absence of heart defects led us to make the putative diagnosis of Poland syndrome. After termination of pregnancy, the diagnosis was confirmed by the pathologist. CONCLUSION: The possibility of diagnosing Poland syndrome in utero is important for proper management and counseling. If the syndrome is suspected in a fetus, counselors may refer to specific postnatal data to provide the couple with survival rates, treatment options, and results and morbidity figures. If the pregnancy is terminated, a detailed necropsy is warranted to confirm the diagnosis because familial transmission has been reported.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The middle phalanx in Poland syndrome.

The classic deformity of Poland syndrome consists of the combination of unilateral aplasia of the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major muscle and an ipsilateral hypoplastic hand with simple syndactyly and short fingers. The current study specifically investigates the abnormalities of the middle phalanx in a series of 15 patients with Poland syndrome. The degree of hand hypoplasia and finger brachydactyly was classified into 3 grades: mild (n = 2), moderate (n = 10), and severe (n = 3). The middle phalanges of all fingers in all patients showed abnormalities. The degree of deficiency in the middle phalanx (from mild hypoplasia to aplasia) correlated with the degree of brachydactyly, which in turn correlated with the degree of hand hypoplasia. Several other radiologic features of the hypoplastic middle phalanges were documented, such as the central nidus, the rounded or truncated appearance, and the cone-shaped epiphyses. The embryology of limb development was reviewed and it was proposed that abnormalities of the middle phalanx in Poland syndrome occur as a result of a mild ischemic insult during stage 19 of the embryonic life, leading to an arrest or lack of chondrification of the mesenchymal mass of the phalanx.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Deep inferior epigastric perforator flap for successful simultaneous breast and chest wall reconstruction in a Poland anomaly patient.

Breast reconstruction in female Poland anomaly remains a surgical challenge with variable chest wall deformity and nipple position. Pedicled latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap with implant reconstruction may have several drawbacks and complications. Free deep inferior epigastric flap (DIEP) flap is a reliable option for postmastectomy breast reconstruction, but rarely reported in Poland anomaly. We presented a 52-year-old Poland anomaly patient who underwent successful reconstruction for breast and chest wall deformity using DIEP flap. Preoperative ultrasound Doppler study for internal mammary vessels is recommended for microsurgical anastomosis. Care should be taken with regard to the flap inset and the location of the nipple areolar complex.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed2002

Psoriasis vulgaris and Poland's syndrome in the same patient.

Most common anomalies associated with Poland's syndrome are in the chest wall. This type of anomaly causes important psychological distress, especially in adolescent girls. A 19-year-old female with Poland's syndrome having psoriatic plaques on her trunk, knees, and elbows is reported in this paper. Such an association of Poland's syndrome with psoriasis has not been described previously.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Smoking and tobacco control in Poland.

The study presents information on the use of tobacco and the health consequences over the past 20 years in Poland. During this time, Poland has been among the countries with the highest cigarette consumption in the world and a correspondingly high number of tobacco-related deaths. Data show that nowadays about 10 million Polish people smoke; in 1998 average annual, adult, cigarette consumption was over 3000. The greatest rate of smoking among men (64%) was recorded in 1974 and among women (33%) in 1986. Recently, there has been a significant decrease in the rate of smoking among men to 40%, and among women to 23%. This favourable change has improved health indices such as infant mortality, life expectancy, and a lower rate of increase in male deaths from lung cancer. Government organizations as well as medical organizations and universities have become involved in prevention of smoking and tobacco control in Poland and the latest legislation is described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence of obesity in Poland.

Obesity is an important health problem in Poland affecting adolescents and adults. A study of a Lower Silesian population aged 20-40 years (25 400 participants), between 1993 and 2003, showed an increase in obese women from 8.9% to 15.0%, but no change in men (6.3% vs. 6.5%, respectively). Obesity occurs more frequently in girls and women (6% and 15%) compared to boys and men (4.0% and 6.5%, respectively). Estimation of obesity prevalence in various parts of Poland seems to be regionally dependent; the highest prevalence of obesity was observed in eastern regions of Poland.

Adult↗