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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

A novel protein accumulated during maturation of the pods of the plant Impatiens balsamina.

A high molecular weight protein has been isolated as a major polypeptide comprising 85% of the total extractable proteins in the fruit pericarp of the plant Impatiens balsamina. The protein has been purified to homogeneity following fractionation of the crude cell supernatant with ammonium sulphate, chromatography on Sepharose 4B and Sephacryl-S-300. This protein appeared to be a homo-tetramer consisting of subunits, Mr 75 K. Amino acid analysis showed the presence of more acidic amino acids, with an isoelectric point 5.8. The interaction of this protein with filamentous actin, both from rabbit muscle and Mung bean embryo was monitored by transmission electron microscopy, light scattering analysis, viscometry and sedimentation assay. This protein inhibited appreciably the polymerization of G-actin to F-actin.

Actins↗
PubMed2004

Di- and sesqui-terpenoids isolated from the pods of Sindora sumatrana and their potential to inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production.

Activity-guided fractionation of the n-hexane and CHCl3-soluble fractions of Sindora sumatrana using a bioassay based on the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells led to the isolation of the known compound, (+)-7beta-acetoxy-15,16-epoxy-3,13(16),14-clerodatriene-18-oic acid (2) as an active constituent. In addition, a new trans-clerodane diterpenoid, (+)-2-oxokolavenic acid (1), together with six known compounds, (+)-3,13-clerodadiene-16,15-olide-18-oic acid (3), (+)-7beta-acetoxy-3,13-clerodadiene-16,15-olide-18-oic acid (4), (+)-7beta-acetoxy-16-hydroxy-3,13-clerodadiene-16,15-olide-18-oic acid (5), beta-caryophyllene oxide (6), clovane-2beta,9beta-diol (7), and caryolane-1,9beta-diol (8) were isolated and found to be inactive. The structure of compound 1 was determined using physical and spectroscopic methods such as 1D and 2D-NMR experiments. The known compounds 2-8 were identified by the spectroscopic data and by comparison with the published values. Of eight isolates (1-8), only compound 2 exhibited an iNOS inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 51.6 microM.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of the BOD POD for estimating percentage body fat in a heterogeneous group of adult humans.

The primary purpose of this investigation was to compare estimations of percentage body fat (%fat) using air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and hydrostatic weighing (HW) in a heterogeneous (age and %fat) sample of the population. Of secondary importance was to determine whether there were differences between the two methods among lean (n = 32), average (n = 34) and overweight (n = 29) subsets of this sample. A total of 95 adults (men 27, women 68) ranging in age from 18-52 years volunteered for this study. Test-retest reliability for %fat ADP (n = 16) was 0.99 with a technical error of 0.75%fat and a coefficient of variation of 3.4%fat. Mean body density using ADP [1.048 (SD 0.016) g.ml-1] was not significantly different when compared to HW [1.049 (SD 0.017) g.ml-1], which corresponded to a non-significant difference in %fat [22.5 (SD 7.3)% ADP compared to 22.0 (SD 7.6)% HW]. Regression analysis provided the equation: %fat HW = 0.9121%fat ADP + 1.5123; r = 0.88, SEE = 3.6, which did not differ significantly from the line of identity. Data for the subsets revealed a significant overestimation of %fat ADP [16.4 (SD 4.8)%] compared to HW [14.1 (SD 3.2)%] (P = 0.001) for lean individuals while no difference was found in the average [21.9 (SD 4.4)%fat ADP compared to 22.0 (SD 3.4)%fat HW] or overweight [29.9 (SD 5.5)%fat ADP compared to 30.8 (SD 4.1)%fat HW] subsets. Measuring %fat by ADP is a highly reliable method and valid when compared to HW for a heterogeneous sample of adults. The ADP method requires little expertise to operate, is quick to perform, and may be more accommodating for certain individuals compared to HW. However, in this study ADP was less valid for lean individuals. Further investigation is warranted to determine the bias of this method for subsets of the population which may be outside the average range of %fat (men 15.4%-22.0%, women 18.4%-28.5%).

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2003

Feasibility of air plethysmography (BOD POD) in morbid obesity: a pilot study.

The assessment of body composition (BC) in morbidly obese patients is a difficult procedure. Air-displacement plethysmography (ADP), which measures body density, is a very promising technique for BC assessment in health and disease. However, there are very few data about the feasibility of applying ADP on morbidly obese patients, which theoretically could be affected by large body size and difficulty in lung volume measurements. The main aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of using ADP for BC assessment in morbidly obese patients. We studied nine subjects (6 males and 3 females) who had a mean age (+/-SD) of 47.0+/-13.5 years and body mass index (BMI) of 46.6+/-7.7 kg/m(2) (range 36.4-58.8). All patients could fit into the instrument chamber and perform the manoeuvre for pulmonary plethysmography. Mean lung volume was 3.9+/-1.2 l and mean percent body fat was 53.1+/-6.6 (range 46.0-67.5). These results indicate that ADP appears to be suitable for patients with BMI over 40 kg/m(2) and produces realistic BC data.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2006

Age-dependent accumulation of heavy metals in a pod of killer whales (Orcinus orca) stranded in the northern area of Japan.

Mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe) manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) concentrations in the liver, kidney and muscle of nine killer whales (including three calves) that stranded together in the northern area of Japan were determined. The Hg and Cd concentrations were found at trace levels in the calf organs, and increased with age. The Fe concentration in the muscle was significantly lower in the calves than in the mature whales and also increased with age. In contrast, Mn and Cu concentrations in the muscle were significantly higher in the calves than in the mature whales, and changes in the Zn concentration relative to age were unclear. These results suggest minimal mother-to-calf transfer of the toxic metals Hg and Cd and accumulation of these metals in the organs with age, while the essential metals Mn and Cu were found at higher concentrations in the muscle of calves than in mature whales.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

Coronin 7, the mammalian POD-1 homologue, localizes to the Golgi apparatus.

Coronins constitute an evolutionary conserved family of WD-repeat actin-binding proteins. Their primary function is thought to be regulating the actin cytoskeleton. Apart from that, several coronins were indirectly shown to participate in vesicular transport, establishment of cell polarity and cytokinesis. Here, we report a novel mammalian protein, coronin 7 (crn7), which is significantly different from other mammalian coronins in its domain architecture. Crn7 possesses two stretches of WD repeats in contrast to the other coronins only having one. The protein is expressed throughout the mouse embryogenesis and is strongly upregulated in brain and developing structures of the immune system in the course of development. In adult animals, both crn7 mRNA and protein are abundantly present in most organs, with significantly higher amounts in brain, kidney, thymus and spleen and lower amounts in muscle. At the subcellular level, the bulk of the protein appears to be present in the cytosol and in large cytosolic complexes. However, a significant portion of the protein is detected on vesicle-like cytoplasmic structures as well as on the cis-Golgi. In the Golgi region, crn7 staining appears broader than that of the cis-Golgi markers Erd2p and beta-COP, still, the trans-Golgi network appears predominantly crn7-negative. Importantly, the membrane-associated form of crn7 protein is phosphorylated on tyrosine residues, whereas the cytosolic form is not. Crn7 is the first coronin protein proven to localize to the Golgi membrane. We conclude that it plays a role in the organization of intracellular membrane compartments and vesicular trafficking rather than in remodeling the cytoskeleton.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed2004

More than just two peas in a pod: common amyloidogenic properties of tau and alpha-synuclein in neurodegenerative diseases.

Intracytoplasmic filamentous aggregates, such as neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease and Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease, are composed of the proteins tau and alpha-synuclein, respectively. These pathological inclusions are linked directly to the etiology and mechanisms of disease in a wide spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders, termed 'tauopathies' and 'synucleinopathies'. Emerging evidence indicates that there is frequent overlap of the pathological and clinical features of patients with tauopathies and synucleinopathies, thereby re-enforcing the notion that these disorders might be linked mechanistically. Indeed, several lines of investigation suggest that tau and alpha-synuclein might constitute a unique class of unstructured proteins that assemble predominantly into homopolymeric (rather than heteropolymeric) fibrils, which deposit mainly in separate amyloid inclusions, but occasionally deposit together. Thus, the ability of tau and alpha-synuclein to affect each other directly or indirectly might contribute to the overlap in the clinical and pathological features of tauopathies and synucleinopathies.

Amyloid↗