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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Parasitological profile of the surveyed population for malaria in an endemic area in Faiyoum Governorate, Egypt.

Egypt represents the only focus in the Mediterranean region where Plasmodium falciparum transmission still occurs. A longitudinal parasitological study has been implemented (September 1995 to December 1996) in Faiyoum, Egypt. A total of 9065 blood slides for malaria parasites were taken from all people in the study area as mass blood examination (MBE); those attending the malaria unit as passive case detection (PCD) as well as from neighborhood of the detected cases (NOD). They were stained by Giemsa stain and examined under standard conditions for positivity, parasite species and parasite density. Our results show that MBE detected 61.5% of malaria cases while 23.1% and 15.4% of the confirmed cases were detected through PCD and NOD respectively. The overall parasite rate was 5.7/1000 examined population. P. falciparum was the most predominant species (96.1%), followed by P. vivax (3.9%). The epidemiological factors causing the persistence of malaria transmission in the study area are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Parasitology collections in museum.

The continual growth of the main parasitological collections obliged their curators to transfer the paper files to computerized databases. Some examples have been presented and discussed during the workshop. The most difficult problems do not concern the choice of hardwares and softwares, but the considerable amount of informations to be transferred from the old files to the databases. One project of publishing a regularly updated type catalogue of the tapeworms has been adopted.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Applications of nuclear magnetic resonance in parasitology.

The basis of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) phenomenon is described in a classical framework with emphasis on magnetic nuclei of 1/2 spin, including 1H, 13C, and 31P. Biological applications of NMR spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are outlined briefly. NMR spectroscopic studies on parasitic protozoa, cestodes, nematodes, trematodes, and hymenopterous insect parasites are reviewed. NMR and MRI investigations on the pathophysiology of the host are also discussed, and the potential future of NMR applications in parasitology outlined.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Current trends in parasitological diagnosis].

During the past few years a number of modern techniques has found its way into the discipline of diagnostic parasitology. The scale of these new tool ranges from highly sensitive and low toxic fixatives for intestinal protozoa, to rapid detection methods for malarial parasites and to the techniques of modern biology, like hybridoma and DNA technology.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the usefulness of the Coprotest for parasitologic examination of feces].

"Coprotest" is a device used for parasitological examination of the stools that has been marketed in Brazil with no previous literature support. Therefore, we decided to evaluate the usefulness of the procedure using "Coprotest", comparing it with the routine methods by Hoffman et al., Faust et al., and Rugai et al. Taking into consideration only positive samples, we observed the following figures, according to each technique: Hofmann et al.--98 (47.34%); Faust et al.--119 (57.48%); Rugai et al., only for larva detection--21 (10.14%); "Coprotest"--115 (55.55%). We concluded that "Coprotest" in addition to its operational qualities, has the merits that allow its use together with other techniques for parasitosis diagnosis. Nevertheless it has not modified the previous situation, since more than one technique must still be used, as we have noted for detection of Strongyloides stercoralis larvae in this instance.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1988

Heather and ice: an excursion in historical parasitology.

Of those who have contributed to parasitology, two, A. E. Wilson and E. L. Atkinson, led lives of remarkable adventure and acquired fame beyond the realms of science. The lives of their fellow-adventurers are commemorated in the scientific names of more than a dozen helminth parasites.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[The 25-year-old Department of Medical Parasitology and the 10-year-old Reference Laboratory for Medical Arachno-entomology of East Germany at the Leipzig District Sanitary Inspection Service and District Institute].

Review of the most important contributions of the-25-year-old Department of Medical Parasitology and of the ten-year-old Reference Laboratory for Medical Arachno-Entomology at the Sanitary Inspection and Institute, District of Leipzig, as an example for the performance of hygienic zoology in the German Democratic Republic.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[History of parasitology in Leningrad].

The paper reports the initial stages of the formation of ecological parasitology in the Leningrad University in thirties. A special attention is paid to the activities of A. A. Philipchenko (1884-1940) whose role has been little known up to now.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1978

[Parasitologic collection technic and examination methods in equatorial West Africa].

The author has been a medical doctor and parasitologist over some years in different West-African countries. Based on his personal experience he underlines the special methodological conditions as well for the diagnoser as for the collector of parasitological documenting material. In this respect, the climatological factors have to be regarded as well as sociological and religious situations.

Africa, Western↗
PubMed1982

Identification of Plasmodia in the Special Parasitology Survey of the College of American Pathologists.

Reports from participants in the CAP Special Parasitology Survey were reviewed. Under these survey circumstances, plasmodia were reported 92% or more of the time when they were present. Between 29 and 93% of the reports correctly identified the species of plasmodia present. Negative blood films were interpreted correctly 93% or more of the time. Improvement in the correct identification to species is needed.

Feces↗
PubMed1981

Diagnostic clinical parasitology: IV. Identification of the blood parasites?

This is the fourth article in a series of articles entitled "Diagnostic Clinical Parasitology" and contains information on the recovery and identification of human blood parasites. The organisms covered include those that cause the diseases malaria, babesiosis, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis. Some of the filarial worms, which can be considered "blood parasites," have been discussed in the third article in the series, "Identification of the Helminths." Although some of these organisms may rarely be encountered in the laboratory in clinical specimens, they will probably have to be identified in proficiency testing specimens, some of which may not always be representative of patient clinical material. The differences between potential organism recovery from patients coming from endemic areas and from those individuals who become infected with no prior exposure to the organism will also be emphasized. Often, for a number of different reasons, organism recovery and subsequent identification may be more difficult than the textbook imply. It is very important for the technologist to recognize this fact, particularly when dealing with a possibly fatal infection, ie, Plasmodium falciparum.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Parasitology year 2000.

We predict that in order for parasitology to thrive by the year 2000 the various subdisciplines of evolution, ecology, biosystematics, and genetics must develop holistic approaches and use parasite models to answer basic biological questions. The students of tomorrow must work as part of a multidisciplinary team; and their questions and answers must be conceptually integrated into the broader biological framework of evolution and ecology.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphology of Blastocystis hominis in feces and evaluation of parasitological methods].

A study of the morphology of Blastocystis hominis in stool in ninety-four cases humans is described as central body, ameba and granular form were found as previously described. In addition a "Globulose" form as a variation of granular form is first described. The central body form (96.8%) was the most abundant form. Three parasitological methods as direct microscopical examination sample with saline solution 0.85%, lugol, Sudan III, stained with Quensel, Iron hematoxylin and culture are evaluated to detection the Blastocystis hominis forms. Our results show that the direct microscopical examination (saline solution 0.85%, lugol, Sudan III, stained with Quensel) is the most sensitive and specific method than culture. The identification of Blastocystis hominis in stool difficult due to the diversity of shapes and size, which generate confusion with other intestinal protozoa and host cells.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Means for improving the teaching of parasitology in higher medical academic institutions].

In our country's population, the high incidence of parasitoses of various origin is largely due to physicians' poor knowledge of parasitology. Information on major parasitic diseases, provided to students at all higher medical educational establishments, is fragmentary and scarce. For effective preparation of some graduates, the Medical Prevention Faculty, Department of Epidemiology, Saint Petersburg State Medical Academy, has elaborated a model programme for subsequent 3-year postgraduate training both of professionally qualified epidemiologists and parasitologists (1 year for medical postgraduates and 2 years for junior doctors who will specialize in a particular field). This programme provides a comprehensive theoretical background, practical skills, and preparation for making researches, investigations, and practical work.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2005

Parasitological analyses of the male chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda.

Numerous intestinal parasites identified in populations of wild nonhuman primates can be pathogenic to humans. Furthermore, nonhuman primates are susceptible to a variety of human pathogens. Because of increasing human encroachment into previously nonimpacted forests, and the potential for disease transmission between human and nonhuman primate populations, further detailed investigations of primate ecological parasitology are warranted. For meaningful comparisons to be made, it is important for methods to be standardized across study sites. One aspect of methodological standardization is providing reliable estimates of parasite prevalence and knowing how many samples are needed to adequately estimate an individual's parasite prevalence. In this study the parasitic fauna of 37 adult, adolescent, and juvenile male chimpanzees from the Ngogo group, Kibale National Park, Uganda, were assessed from 121 fecal samples collected over a 3-month period. Twelve taxa of intestinal species (five helminth and seven protozoan) were recovered from the samples. The four most prevalent species were Troglodytella abrassarti (97.3%), Oesophagostomum sp. (81.1%), Strongyloides sp. (83.8%), and Entamoeba chattoni (70.3%). No one species was found in all samples from any one animal, and Troglodytella abrassarti, the most common intestinal organism, was found in all of the serial samples of only 69.4% of the chimpanzees. The cumulative species richness for individuals significantly increased for every sequential sample (up to three to four samples) taken per animal during this study. The results indicate that to accurately diagnose total intestinal infection and evaluate group prevalence, three to four sequential samples from each individual must be collected on nonconsecutive days. This conclusion applies only to short study periods in which possible seasonal effects are not taken into consideration. Validation of these results at different study sites in different regions with different climatic patterns is needed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Onchocerca volvulus: parasitologic and serologic responses in experimentally infected chimpanzees and mangabey monkeys.

Six chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and six mangabey monkeys (Cercocebus atys) were inoculated with Onchocerca volvulus third-stage larvae (L3) of West African origin. Two chimpanzees each received 200, 300, or 400 L3, while three mangabeys each received either 50 or 250 L3. All six chimpanzees became microfilaria positive between 11 and 25 months postinoculation (PI), while two of the six mangabeys were skin-snip positive at 24 and 37 months PI, respectively. All chimpanzees developed antibodies to two native antigens of 14 and 22 kDa and to the recombinant antigens OV16, OC3.6, and OC9.3. Marked antibody responses were observed in the mangabey monkeys, and in general, the responses were similar to those observed in the chimpanzees. However, in the mangabeys, these responses did not generally manifest themselves until later in the infection. The results of this study suggest that in chimpanzees, the smallest inoculum used, 200 L3, was sufficient to initiate consistent infections that had parasitologic and immunologic parameters equivalent to animals inoculated with larger numbers of larvae. Similarly, inoculation of mangabey monkeys with small numbers of larvae appeared to be as likely to establish infection and induce immunologic responses as did inoculation of larger numbers of larvae. Microfilaria-positive chimpanzees and mangabey monkeys were examined by three conventional imaging techniques (X ray, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)), but no adult worms or nodules could be identified in any animal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The pathogenesis of trypanosomiasis of the CNS. Studies on parasitological and neurohistological findings in trypanosoma rhodesiense infected vervet monkeys.

Parasitological examinations of the cerebrospinal fluid of 20 vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops), that had been infected with Trypanosoma rhodesiense, revealed that the CSF was regularly infested with trypanosomes in the early phase of the disease, at the earliest on the 13th day, in most of the animals in the 3rd or 4th week, after infection. Follow-up examinations of the CSF during the further course of the disease also regularly proved positive for trypanosomes. Histological studies in the animals that died at a mean of 65 days after infection (range 35 to 107 days) revealed encephalitis in the animal with the longest course of the disease. In all the other animals, meningitis alone was found. This was accompanied by a modified early encephalitic reaction, characterized by lympho-plasma-cellular infiltrates exclusively in the adventitial sheaths of those blood vessels passing into the brain from the leptomeninges affected by inflammatory infiltration. The early encephalitic reaction is interpreted as the morphological manifestation of an infestation of the perivascular spaces (Virchow-Robin spaces) with parasites. It indicates that CSF parasitosis in the early phase represents the point of departure for the encephalitis that develops in the late phase of the disease, and that the encephalitis presumably develops as a result of the migration of the trypanosomes out of the subarachnoid space into the perivascular spaces, and from there into the brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Behavioral parasitology and perspectives on miracidial host-finding.

This paper proposes and outlines a new interdiscipline, 'behavioral parasitology,' and presents some interpretations in one of the leading themes of this field, miracidial chemosensitivity to snails. Controversies over miracidial attraction and species-specificity are considered from the standpoints of the distinction between taxis and kinesis, the need for a stimulus gradient, and the possibility of an early phase in a miracidium's behavior adapted for dispersal rather than host-finding. Some of the many possible organic stimulants are discussed with regard to quantitative production by snails, sensory thresholds of the parasites, and possible interaction with inorganic ions. Organic and inorganic stimulants are considered to possibly form qualitative as well as quantitative gradients. A thermodynamic interpretation of miracidial klinokinesis as a function of stimulant concentration suggests the existence of two or more separate types of receptors for the same stimulant, one with a higher affinity for the stimulant and mediating a weaker klinokinesis (possibly a long-range receptor as compared to the other.

Amino Acids↗