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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Pin and screw retained palatal prostheses in cleft palate patients.

This article reviews the rationale and technical procedures for pin and screw retained palatal prostheses. These prostheses provide a useful treatment modality for cleft palate patients requiring two stage palatal repair, obturation for a large fistula, or single stage repair requiring palatal expansion in the presence of an unerupted primary dentition. Additionally, dental arch alignment can be achieved through the incorporation of an expansion screw device in the prosthesis. Post insertion problems of air and fluid leakage around the prosthesis, inflammation of the tissue underneath the prosthesis and possible damage to unerupted teeth have been observed, but are rare occurrences in properly selected cases.

Bone Screws↗
PubMed1985

An investigation to relate the overall size of the maxillary arch and the area of palatal mucosa in cleft lip and palate cases at birth to the overall size of the upper dental arch at five years of age.

The area of palatal mucosa and the size of the maxillary arches were measured in a group of 30 newborn infants with unilateral clefts of the lip and palate. The overall size of the maxillary arch together with the arch width and arch height were also measured when the children had reached 5 years of age. For comparison purposes, a group of 30 newborn normal children and 30 normal 5-year-old children were similarly measured. The cleft children were found to have a mean deficiency of palatal mucosa of 16.41% at birth, although the overall size of their maxillary arches was 17.08% greater than normal. In the cleft cases there was no significant correlation between the area of palatal mucosa at birth and the overall size of the arch at 5 years of age. A significant correlation did exist between the overall size of the arch at birth and the overall size when the child was 5 years old. The significance of this and other findings is discussed.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Glucocorticoid receptors in palatal mesenchymal cells from the human embryo: relevance to human cleft palate formation.

Glucocorticoids are potent inducers of cleft palate (CP) in experimental animals. The present study was performed in order to examine whether human embryonic palatal mesenchymal (HEPM) cells contain glucocorticoid receptors and are responsive to the growth inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids. We have found that there is a single population of specific, high affinity, saturable glucocorticoid receptors in HEPM cells. Scatchard analysis of the binding data revealed that the apparent dissociation constant (Kd) was 26 nM and the number of receptors was 1.4 x 10(5) per cell. Dexamethasone (DEX), a potent synthetic glucocorticoid analog, inhibited growth of HEPM cells cultured in serum-free chemically defined medium by 20-40%. Dose-response experiments showed that DEX inhibition of HEPM cell growth was closely correlated with specific binding of [3H]DEX to the cells, suggesting that the suppression of HEPM cell growth may be receptor-mediated. DEX also inhibited collagen synthesis in HEPM cells. These results indicate that HEPM cells are capable of responding to both physiological and pharmacological levels of glucocorticoids and suggest that either endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoids may have the potential to interfere with human palate formation by perturbing the growth and differentiation of palatal mesenchymal cells.

Cell Line↗
PubMed2004

Combined anomalies of the palate in Mohr syndrome: is preoperative electromyography of the palate useful?

The authors present a girl with typical characteristics of oral-facial-digital syndrome type II (Mohr syndrome) with a cleft soft palate and pendulous tongue nodules. Because of feeding difficulties, electromyography was performed of both morphologically identical halves of the soft palate. One half showed a normal muscle action potential and in the other half electrical silence was registered. Exploratory surgery during palatoplasty showed a fatty hamartoma in the half of the palate in which no electric potentials had been registered.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1975

A study of posterior palatal seals with varying palatal forms.

A study was carried out to determine the depth and width of posterior palatal seals in different shapes of palates. Four different methods of developing the posterior palatal seal were utilized on each patient. The width of the posterior palatal seal area was compared with original models which were produced by plaster impressions.

Dental Impression Materials↗
PubMed2005

Hearing and speech assessment of cleft palate patients after palatal closure. Long-term results.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was the development of a clinical methodology to assess speech and hearing impairment 5 years after the primary surgical repair of the cleft and, further, to determine the relative importance and long-term consequences of each cleft type and age to the velopharyngeal and eustachian tube function in patients who did not undergo pharyngeal flap surgery following primary palatoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated with a certain assessment protocol hearing and speech abilities of 42 patients between 5 and 15 years of age: 9 with CP (cleft of the soft and hard palate), 19 with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), 14 with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), surgically treated by a team of surgeons using two different surgical techniques between 18 and 24 months of age. ACCORDING TO OUR RESULTS WE WERE ABLE TO EVALUATE: (a) the impact of hearing impairment to the development of speech in these patients. (b) The relation of hypernasality with compansatory articulation. (c) The influence of cleft type, by means of extent of the cleft palatal musculature, to speech integrity. RESULTS: Sixty-nine percent of our patients presented with mild and moderate hearing loss. Hypernasality was observed in 40.5%, compensatory articulation in 28.5% of our patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicated: (a) a simultaneous appearance of speech and hearing impairment at the same age for each cleft type post-surgically in our patients; (b) that the muscular and vomer complex rather than the anatomic extent of the cleft is a significant factor for speech outcome after surgical repair; and (c) that hypernasality is exacerbated by compensatory articulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

A new acoustic method of differentiating palatal from non-palatal snoring.

Palatal snoring produces explosive peaks of sound at very low frequency (approximately 20 Hz). Using a digital sound trace a ratio of peak amplitude to root mean square amplitude can be calculated. This Peak Factor Ratio is significantly higher for palatal snores than non-palatal snores (P < 0.01). This acoustic method will be useful for selecting patients for palatal surgery as it is non-invasive and could be used in a home monitor.

Acoustics↗
PubMed2001

Speech after repair of isolated cleft palate and cleft lip and palate.

The speech of children with isolated cleft palate (CP) repaired by one surgeon has been compared with the speech of children with some form of unilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP) repaired by the same surgeon. All palate repairs included an intravelar veloplasty. We identified 57 children (5--12 years old) with cleft palates repaired in infancy, of which three patients with other medical problems were excluded. Of the 54 patients, 44 (81%) attended for review (27 CP, 17 CLP). Video recordings were analysed by two speech and language therapists, using the Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech. The CP patients had no evidence of permanent fistulas. Final speech outcomes were similar for CP and CLP patients. Intelligibility was normal in 10 (37%) CP and nine (53%) CLP patients. Mild consistent hypernasality was present in five (18.5%) CP and four (23.5%) CLP patients. No patients had moderate or severe hypernasality or nasal emission. Mild consistent hyponasality was present in five (18.5%) CP and five (29%) CLP patients. Moderate consistent hyponasality was present in one (4%) CP patient. Dysphonia was present in eight (30%) CP and seven (41%) CLP patients. Cleft-type characteristics were noted in 11 (41%) CP and nine (53%) CLP patients. No CLP patients but 10 (37%) CP patients had required a pharyngoplasty (P=0.004, Fisher's exact test). Possible reasons for this (age, cleft type, surgeon and surgery) are discussed.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sternothyroideus myotomy, staphylectomy, and oral caudal soft palate photothermoplasty for treatment of dorsal displacement of the soft palate in 102 thoroughbred racehorses.

OBJECTIVE: To compare racing performance before and after sternothyroideus myotomy, staphylectomy, and oral caudal soft palate photothermoplasty in Thoroughbred racehorses with intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: Thoroughbred racehorses (n=102) with DDSP. METHODS: Retrieved data included signalment, primary complaint, and upper respiratory tract endoscopic finding. Lifetime race records were compared for earnings per start before and after surgery, days to 1st start, and races won postoperatively. RESULTS: Comparing mean earnings per start for 3 races before (2792 dollars) and after (3806 dollars) surgery, racing performance improved significantly after surgery in 63% (46/73) of horses that competed in at least 1 race before and after surgery (P=.02). Mean and median days to 1st start after surgery were 109 and 69 days, respectively. Of horses that raced postoperatively 65% (60/92) won at least 1 race, and 77% (71/92) raced in >5 races after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Sternothyroideus myotomy, staphylectomy, and oral caudal soft palate photothermoplasty significantly improved racing performance in experienced Thoroughbred racehorses with performance limiting DDSP, and overall had a similar outcome to other reported surgical techniques for treatment of DDSP. Clinical Relevance-Sternothyroideus myotomy, staphylectomy, and oral caudal soft palate photothermoplasty should be considered as a surgical approach to correction of DDSP in Thoroughbred racehorses; however, it is possible that staphylectomy may not be necessary to achieve a desirable outcome.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Effects of variation of the timing of palatal repair on nasality of speech in complete cleft lip and palate children.

Nasality is related to factors like velopharyngeal closure and acoustic factors pertaining to cavities. The present investigation is a retrospective study aimed at evaluating the effects of variation in the timing of palatal repair on nasality during speech development in complete cleft lip and palate cases. It has been observed that the delay in palatal repair is associated with increase in nasality. Also, from the operated complete cleft lip and palate cases, it has been observed that the early and medium repair groups had almost similar effects on nasality of speech. (if they were operated before 36 months of age).

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

Magnetic resonance imaging and surgical repair of cleft palate in a four-week-old canine (Canis familiaris): an animal model for cleft palate repair.

Successful cleft palate repair (palatoplasty) was accomplished in a male canine pup from a kindred with autosomal recessive transmission for a complete cleft palate phenotype. This case represents the potential application of a new animal model for cleft palate repair. This reproducible congenital defect provides a clinically relevant model to improve research into the human anomaly, as compared with previous iatrogenic or teratogenically induced animal models. This case report presents the basis for new repair techniques and for studying the genetic basis of the cleft palate defect.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Differences in the size of the palatal processes in mouse embryos with cleft palate induced in two critical periods.

Using planimetric measurements of projections of the space between the palatal processes of ICR-Velaz mouse embryos, we indirectly demonstrated that the pre-horizontalization size of the palatal processes after the i.m. administration of 7.5 mg cortsone acetate on the 12th day of gestation was smaller than in the controls. After horizontalization, the inadequate palatal processes were unable to meet in the midline as they do in the majority of normal embryos. The administration of 0.5 mg 6-amino-nicotinamide on the 14th day of gestation did not significantly affect the size of the palatal processes.

6-Aminonicotinamide↗
PubMed1987

Incidence of cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip and palate among races: a review.

A review of the literature pertaining to the incidence of cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip and palate in different races is presented. The studies have been evaluated according to the method used to record the incidence rate. Half of the studies include in their base population livebirths, stillbirths, and abortions, or livebirths and stillbirths to record the incidence rate. In addition, in most of the studies, clefts with associated malformations and possible syndromes are included in the reported incidence. There is evidence, however, to suggest that the risk of developing clefts in stillbirths and abortions is three times as frequent as in livebirths and that clefts with associated malformations behave differently epidemiologically from clefts without associated malformations. It is suggested, therefore, that the incidence of cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip and palate should be studied separately for each group, namely for livebirths, stillbirths, and abortions and should be reported separately for clefts without associated malformations, clefts with associated malformations, and syndromes. More research is needed to study the risk of developing clefts among the various groups that exhibit different epidemiologic behavior for each race.

Africa↗
PubMed1993

Maxillary dental arch and occlusion in patients with repaired clefts of the secondary palate. Influence of push back palatal surgery.

Maxillary morphology and dental occlusion were studied from infancy to age 10 years in 32 patients born with isolated cleft palate. Wardill-Kilner push back repair of the palate had been done at a mean age of 7.5 months. Measurements obtained from casts of the jaws showed that the average maxillary dimensions before as well as after operation were less than those reported for children without clefts. The mean reduction was similar whether the cleft reached into the hard palate or affected the soft palate only. Preoperative anterior maxillary arch width in particular, and also distance from scar line to selected teeth seemed to influence postoperative development of the maxillary dental arch in individual patients.

Cleft Palate↗
PubMed1996

[Cephalometric measurements of nasopharyngeal and palatal flow in cleft palate children by comparison with hearing impairment].

The comparison of the audiological results (audiometry, tympanometry 226 Hz and multifrequency tympanometry) and cephalometric measurements of the nasopharynx in cleft palate children was presented. A group of 85 children 7-15 years old, operated because of cleft lip and palate during early childhood were considered for the purpose of this study. With the results of the audiological examination, as the base, the children were divided on three subgroups: the first characterized by pathological audiogram and tympanogram, the second with normal audiograms and pathological tympanograms, the third with normal audiograms and tympanograms. On the radiological pictures (lateral tele-radiograms) the linear measurements of certain were introduced as follows: the nasopharyngeal airflow (PN) and the palatal airflow (PP). In order to obtain the radiological coefficients (PN/A) and (PP/A), the linear measurements mentioned above in relation to the adenoid size were used. The results of measurements obtained for the first and second subgroup were significant different to the relevant results in the third subgroup and controls but the best correlation obtained between audiological parameters and radiographic nasopharyngeal airway. This results prove the existence of certain relation between measured quantities and audiological examination in cleft palate children.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1993

Speech outcome in cleft palate patients with simultaneous primary palatal repair and adenoidectomy.

This study deals with speech outcome after adenoidectomy performed simultaneously with primary palatal repair. Signs of velopharyngeal insufficiency were registered in the speech of 24 children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) or cleft palate only (CP) who underwent adenoidectomy (Group A+), and in 25 C(L)P children who had no adenoidectomy (Group A-). The results indicated that hypernasality occurred significantly more frequently in Group A+ than in Group A-. Audible nasal air emission also tended to occur more frequently in Group A+. The groups did not differ when it came to articulation errors associated with velopharyngeal insufficiency. The clinical implications of these results are discussed.

Adenoidectomy↗