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PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of an avian cholera epizootic in wild birds in western Nebraska.

Avian cholera killed an estimated 2500 birds in western Nebraska and eastern Wyoming from 28 November 1985 to late January 1986. Wild mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) suffered the most losses. Other wild waterfowl, wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo), a few domestic fowl, and a bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) also died. Pasteurella multocida serotype 1 was the predominant isolate from these carcasses. Cold, wet weather persisted throughout the outbreak, but daily losses in the flock of 50,000 mallards using the area were low. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from nasal swabs of 35 of 37 cattle from a feedlot in which many of these mallards were feeding. Eighty percent of the cattle isolates had antigenic characteristics of serotype 3 or serotype 3 with cross-reactivity. Isolates from wild mallards, wild turkeys, and the bald eagle were virulent to game-farm mallards when inoculated subcutaneously, but P. multocida isolates from cattle were not.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Nebraska family practitioners' infant feeding recommendations.

The authors conducted an anonymous survey of 220 Nebraska family and general practitioners' attitudes and practice recommendations for infant feeding. Most practitioners' attitudes reflect published American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines regarding using commercial formula for bottle-feeding babies rather than evaporated milk-based formulations. Ninety-two per cent agreed with recommendations relating to the need for fluoride supplementation when fluoride was unavailable in the water supply and 93% agreed that whole cow's milk was inappropriate in the infant's first year. Another 68% felt similarly about evaporated milk formulas. However, 32% of board certified and 53% of nonboard certified physicians continue to believe that early solid foods will reduce night waking. In 80% of the cases, practice recommendations disagreed with AAP guidelines by prescribing vitamin supplements for bottle-feeding babies receiving proprietary infant formulas. Additionally, two-thirds of the practitioners recommended unnecessary water complements and 62% suggested formula supplementation for breastfeeding babies. Solid foods and whole cow's milk for both breastfeeding and bottle-feeding babies often were recommended earlier than the second half of the first year.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Helminth species diversity and biology in the bobcat, Lynx rufus (Schreber), from Nebraska.

Cestodes of 4 species and nematodes of 9 species were collected from 75 bobcats, Lynx rufus (Schreber), in Nebraska from 1977 to 1979. Of these 75, 11 were trapped from 6 border counties in 3 border states: South Dakota, 7 carcasses/3 counties; Kansas, 3/2; and Wyoming, 1/1. Helminths recovered included: Mesocestoides corti Hoeppli, 1925 (15% prevalence), Taenia rileyi Loewen, 1929 (67%), Taenia pisiformis (Bloch, 1780) Gmelin, 1790 (27%), Taenia macrocystis (Diesing, 1850) Lühe, 1910 (19%), Physaloptera praeputialis von Linstow, 1889 (55%), Physaloptera rara Hall and Wigdor, 1918 (32%), Toxascaris leonina (von Linstow, 1902) Leiper, 1907 (31%), Toxocara cati (Schrank, 1780) (39%), Ancylostoma tubaeforme (Zeder, 1800) von Linstow, 1885 (5%), Pterygodermatites (Multipectines) cahirensis (Jägerskiöld, 1909) Quentin, 1969 (1%), Vogeloides felis (Vogel, 1928) Davtian, 1933 (7%), Cylicospirura felineus (Chandler, 1925) Sandground, 1932 (12%), and Capillaria aerophila (Creplin, 1839) (4%). One bobcat was not infected; 74 had 1 to 7 species (means = 3). Simpson's index for helminth species was moderately low (0.12), indicating a relatively diverse helminth fauna. Mean levels of infection between prominent species pairs and within each species were compared with bobcat sex and age differences using Student's t-test. Mean intensity of Physaloptera praeputialis was significantly (P less than 0.01) greater than that of Toxocara cati; mean intensity of Mesocestoides corti was significantly (P less than 0.01) greater than that of all other prominent species. No significant intensity differences were indicated among bobcat sex and age categories. G-tests computed for prevalence of prominent species with bobcat age indicated no significance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Canine heartworm in the domestic and wild canids of southeastern Nebraska.

The prevalence of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) was examined in the domestic dog, coyote (Canis latrans), and red fox (Vulpes fulva) populations of southeastern Nebraska. Microfilariae were detected in 21.4% (22 of 103) of the domestic dogs. The average age of infection for dogs was 5.8 yr. Nine of the 22 infected dogs also were positive for Dipetalonema reconditum. Thirty-nine of 443 (8.9%) coyotes were found to have adult heartworms. The average number of male and female worms per heart was 3.7 and 3.9, respectively. The mean age of infected coyotes was 3.6 yr. Red foxes had an infection rate of 4.8% (1 of 21). This fox heart had only 1 immature female worm. A mail survey of 6 veterinary clinics was also conducted. Veterinarians reported infection rates of 0% to 18.8% in domestic dogs for their localities.

Animals↗

PubMed1971

Effects of thiabendazole treatment on weight gains by Nebraska range cattle.

The results of these studies indicate that a high percentage of Nebraska range cattle are infected with gastrointestinal parasites, but at a subclinical level of infection. However, significant differences were not observed in average daily gain between thiabendazole-treated range cattle and unmedicated controls in three of four field trials. In the three trials the average improvement in daily gain in animals receiving thiabendazole once averaged .01 lb greater than untreated controls. During a 120 day grazing period this improvement would not be sufficient to pay for the wormer or cost of additional labor.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1979

Food habit changes of Chinese persons living in Lincoln, Nebraska.

Qualitative and quantitative changes in food habits of Chinese persons living in Lincoln, Nebraska, were evaluated. Findings indicated that these people do have a flexible attitude toward foods. Incorporation of American foods into their diet and a decreased consumption of Chinese foods showed that a continuous process of food-habit changing is occurring in this group. In particular, more American foods have been incorporated in their breakfast and lunch patterns, while for the dinner meal, the more traditional Chinese foods continue to be eaten. Factors related to the ease of adaptation to American food were investigated, and possible implications are suggested.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Serologic survey for Bordetella bronchiseptica in Nebraska specific-pathogen-free pigs.

The frequency of Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in Nebraska specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs was determined by serologic and bacteriologic cultural analysis. Serum samples from non-SPF herds were tested for comparison. A total of 1,282 of 1,397 (92%) of the SPF pigs tested had antibody to B bronchiseptica; 37 of 220 (17%) were culture-positive, and 67 of 4125 (1.6%) were considered suspicious for atrophic rhinitis during slaughter inspection. A higher percentage of the non-SPF pigs had titers to B bronchiseptica (642 of 659 pigs or 97% of the pigs tested). There was no relationship between the B bronchiseptica antibody titer, the isolation of B bronchiseptica, or the frequency of gross lesions of atrophic rhinitis from pigs within the herd. The serum agglutination test may be a more reliable procedure for determining the herd prevalence of B bronchiseptica than isolation of the organism by cultural methods.

Agglutination Tests↗

PubMed1984

Colorectal cancer in rural Nebraska.

A case-control interview study of colorectal cancer was conducted in two rural counties of eastern Nebraska to determine reasons for the elevated colon cancer mortality rates during 1950 to 1969. Comparison of the information provided by 86 colorectal cancer cases and 176 matched controls (or their next of kin) revealed an increased risk among persons of Czech background, with persons of Bohemian and Moravian extraction predominating in this area. The data suggest an interaction between Bohemian ancestry and certain dietary patterns in the pathogenesis of colon cancer in this region. Colon cancer risk was elevated among commercial beer drinkers regardless of their ethnic background, although Bohemians reported heavier consumption. An excess risk was also associated with intestinal polyps, reported more often by Moravians, and with familial occurrence of gastrointestinal and other cancers. Since 1969, the mortality and incidence rates for colon cancer in this area have declined, possibly as a consequence of acculturation of the American-born descendants of Czech immigrants.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1978

Nebraska physicians' attitudes and practices in the field of infant feeding and nutrition.

A questionnaire was mailed to all pediatricians, family practitioners, and general practitioners in Nebraska to determine their attitudes and practices concerning infant feeding and nutrition. One hundred seventy responded. Their attitudes and practices regarding infant feeding and nutrition generally seemed to be positive. Areas in which they were undecided were often nutrition concerns which are currently being researched.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed1980

Pesticides in ground water beneath irrigated farmland in Nebraska, August 1978.

During the 1978 irrigation season, 14 ground water samples were collected in the Central Platte region of Nebraska, an area known to have high nitrate-nitrogen (NO3--N) levels, and analyzed for the presence of 13 pesticide residues. Atrazine levels ranged from 0.06 microgram/liter to 3.12 microgram/liter and were correlated to NO3--N concentrations with a coefficient of r = +0.55. Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations were measured as indicators of deep percolation from irrigated lands and ranged from 17.1 mg/liter to 34.3 mg/liter. Alachlor levels ranged from less than 0.01 microgram/liter to 0.71 microgram/liter. The amounts of 2,4-D were indeterminate because of experimental problems. Levels of the herbicides silvex and EPTC were below the limits of detectability. Levels of the organochlorine insecticides endrin, gamma-BHC (lindane), dieldrin, DDT and its primary metabolite DDE, heptachlor and its primary derivative heptachlor epoxide, and methoxychlor were all below the detectable limits of 0.005-0.010 microgram/liter.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗

PubMed1994

Host specificity of Rhabdochona canadensis (Nematoda: Rhabdochonidae) in Nebraska.

Intermediate and definitive host specificity of Rhabdochona canadensis in Nebraska were investigated. Mayfly nymphs Trichorythodes sp. and Caenis sp. were found to serve as experimental intermediate hosts. Development inside the nymphs required approximately 10 days, with the worms passing through 2 molts and then becoming encapsulated in the hemocoel as infective third-stage juveniles. Survey data revealed that only the red shiner Cyprinella lutrensis serves as definitive host for R. canadensis in nature. Laboratory infections of Notropis dorsalis, N. stramineus, and Fundulus zebrinus, all of which were uninfected in nature, were attempted to determine if observed specificity was due to physiological or ecological factors. Two individuals of N. dorsalis became infected with R. canadensis, but no development was observed. Both N. stramineus and F. zebrinus were incapable of becoming infected. Thus, definitive host specificity in this system seems to be mediated by both physiological and host ecological factors.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Evaluation of bovine perinatal nitrate accumulation in western Nebraska.

Nitrate-nitrite toxicosis causes numerous cattle deaths every year in western Nebraska. Its role in fetal abortions is complex and still speculative. This paper reports composite fetal nitrate diagnostic levels, fetal abattoir nitrate levels and observations of bovine perinates from cow-calf livestock units.

Abortion, Induced↗

PubMed1994

Efficacy of a composite biological age score to predict ten-year survival among Kansas and Nebraska Mennonites.

In 1980 and 1981 Mennonite descendants of a group of Russian immigrants participated in a multidisciplinary study of biological aging. The Mennonites live in Goessel, Kansas, and Henderson, Nebraska. In 1991 the survival status of the participants was documented by each church secretary. Data are available for 1009 individuals, 177 of whom are now deceased. They ranged from 20 to 95 years in age when the data were collected. Biological ages were computed using a stepwise multiple regression procedure based on 38 variables previously identified as being related to survival, with chronological age as the dependent variable. Standardized residuals place participants in either a predicted-younger or a predicted-older group. The independence of the variables biological age and survival status is tested with the chi-square statistic. The significance of biological age differences between surviving and deceased Mennonites is determined by t test values. The two statistics provide consistent results. Predicted age group classification and survival status are related. The group of deceased participants is generally predicted to be older than the group of surviving participants, although neither statistic is significant for all subgroups of Mennonites. In most cases, however, individuals in the predicted-older groups are at a relatively higher risk of dying compared with those in the predicted-younger groups, although the increased risk is not always significant.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Potential health consequences of ground-water contamination by nitrates in Nebraska.

Ground water serves as the primary source of drinking water for nearly all of rural Nebraska. However, ground-water contamination by nitrates, largely due to the use of fertilizers, is an increasing problem. In an ecologic study, the author found that counties characterized by high fertilizer usage and significant ground-water contamination by nitrates also had a high incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Other potential health effects of nitrates in drinking water are also discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Differential rate of neuropsychological dysfunction in psychiatric disorders: comparison between the Halstead-Reitan and Luria-Nebraska batteries.

This report examined the rate of agreement between scores of the Halstead-Reitan and Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Batteries in the classification of impaired and nonimpaired performance of 55 schizophrenic and 64 affective disorder patients: 65.2% for schizophrenics and 67.5% for those with affective disorder, with greater impairment on the Halstead-Reitan battery.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Outbreaks of hepatitis B virus infection among hemodialysis patients-- California, Nebraska, and Texas, 1994.

From April through August 1994, outbreaks of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection occurred in five chronic hemodialysis centers in California, Nebraska, and Texas. This report summarizes investigations by state and local public health officials and CDC, which suggest that transmission of HBV from hemodialysis patients with chronic HBV infection to susceptible patients resulted from failure to identify and isolate HBV-infected patients during hemodialysis; sharing of staff, equipment, and supplies among patients; and failure to vaccinate susceptible patients against hepatitis B.

Blood-Borne Pathogens↗

PubMed1997

Evolutionary constraints on population structure: the parasites of Fundulus zebrinus (Pisces:Cyprinodontidae) in the South Platte River of Nebraska.

Population and community descriptor values (parasites per host, prevalence per parasite species, variance/mean ratios, species density, and diversity indices) for the 7-species parasite community of 61 relatively homogeneous samples of Fundulus zebrinus (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae) in the South Platte River of Nebraska, U.S.A., taken over a 14-yr period, are reported. South Platte River streamflow fluctuates over 2 orders of magnitude on several time scales-monthly, annually, and over multiple year wet-dry cycles. Relatively homogeneous sampling of a single host species with several parasite species provided a system that allowed assessment of the contribution of evolved parasite life cycles to population structure in an everchanging environment. No significant negative species-to-species associations were observed. Species abundance, order of abundance, and diversity were affected most strongly by streamflow, with high water reducing prevalence and abundance of larval trematode parasites. Each parasite species had its characteristic long- and short-term patterns of variation in population descriptor values, with mostly long-term stability superimposed on sometimes extreme short-term fluctuations of descriptor values. The differences in these characteristic patterns were considered products primarily of the evolved life cycle traits and transmission mechanisms operating in the common fluctuating environment. The parasite community as a whole showed resilience, returning to preperturbation diversity following extended periods of high water.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Nitrous-oxide use. I. Risk of potential exposure and compliance among Nebraska dentists and dental assistants.

Patterns of nitrous-oxide (N,O) use among Nebraska dentists and dental assistants are reported. More than 800 respondents answered questions relating to risk of N,O exposure and compliance with N,O standards in the dental office: 73 percent of these dental practices using N,O have a state-registration permit. Dentists and dental assistants (from registered and unregistered practices) reported risk of exposure differently. Important compliance issues emerged (the average compliance rate was 9 on a scale of 17). Most N,O users have scavenging systems, but they are not properly operated. Few dental practices test for leaks or conduct N,O-monitoring tests. By complying with the recommendations for N,O administration, dental-care workers can minimize their risk of exposure.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗