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PubMedDate not supplied

New approaches to fertility awareness-based methods: incorporating the Standard Days and TwoDay Methods into practice.

Helping clients select and use appropriate family planning methods is a basic component of midwifery care. Many women prefer nonhormonal, nondevice methods, and may be interested in methods that involve understanding their natural fertility. Two new fertility awareness-based methods, the Standard Days Method and the TwoDay Method, meet the need for effective, easy-to-provide, easy-to-use approaches. The Standard Days Method is appropriate for women with most menstrual cycles between 26 and 32 days long. Women using this method are taught to avoid unprotected intercourse on potentially fertile days 8 through 19 of their cycles to prevent pregnancy. They use CycleBeads, a color-coded string of beads representing the menstrual cycle, to monitor their cycle days and cycle lengths. The Standard Days Method is more than 95% effective with correct use. The TwoDay Method is based on the presence or absence of cervical secretions to identify fertile days. To use this method, women are taught to note everyday whether they have secretions. If they had secretions on the current day or the previous day, they consider themselves fertile. The TwoDay Method is 96% effective with correct use. Both methods fit well into midwifery practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Twenty years of epidemiology in fertility regulation.

This paper summarizes findings from epidemiological research in fertility regulation which have helped in formulating policies nationally and internationally, without pretending to be all-encompassing; rather, it should help in demonstrating the usefulness and importance of epidemiological research and in discussing outstanding issues of public health relevance.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed2001

Periodic abstinence and calendar method use in Hungary, Peru, the Philippines, and Sri Lanka.

Focus group research was conducted in four countries to understand how couples who use calendar methods determine when they are at risk of pregnancy, what behavior they adopt during the fertile phase, and whether or not they are satisfied with their method. Calendar and periodic abstinence method users do not all know how to make correct calendar calculations of the fertile period, report being sexually active during the fertile period, and desire a more comprehensive approach to sexual behavior during the fertile period. Men's roles in the methods should be enhanced, and credible resources in the community should be enlisted to improve education, information, and communication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Fertility awareness-based methods of family planning: predictors of correct use.

CONTEXT: Fertility awareness-based methods of family planning help women identify the days of the menstrual cycle when they are most likely to become pregnant. To prevent pregnancy, women avoid unprotected intercourse on these days. Efficacy of these methods may be improved if the users most likely to engage in unprotected intercourse on fertile days can be identified and counseled. METHODS: Quantitative and qualitative data from efficacy studies of the Standard Days Method and the TwoDay Method of family planning, in which 928 women each contributed up to 13 cycles of method use, were examined. Multinomial logit analysis was used to compare characteristics of women who occasionally had unprotected intercourse on fertile days with those who consistently used their method correctly. The reasons participants gave for having unprotected intercourse on fertile days were also examined. RESULTS: Only 23% of women had unprotected intercourse on their fertile days in one or more of the cycles they contributed to the study. The method and study site appear to have the most significant effect on correct use. Earning an income was associated with increased odds of unprotected intercourse on fertile days; higher quality of housing was associated with decreased odds. The results confirm the importance of partner cooperation for correct method use. CONCLUSION: There was no clear profile of clients for whom these family planning methods would be inappropriate. However, programs offering these methods may help couples overcome potential difficulties in correct method use by including male partners and encouraging their participation in counseling sessions.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

It's all in the timing: coital frequency and fertility awareness-based methods of family planning.

Fertility awareness-based methods of family planning help women to identify the days of the cycle they should avoid unprotected intercourse to prevent pregnancy. Therefore using fertility awareness-based methods influences the timing of sexual activity, which may affect the nature of the sexual relationship. Data are used from the clinical trials of two fertility awareness-based methods--the Standard Days Method and the TwoDay Method--to determine the frequency and timing of intercourse during the cycle, and the determinants of coital frequency. The mean coital frequency of study participants was similar to that reported by users of other methods. Results suggest that coital frequency increases with consecutive cycles of method use. At the same time the frequency of intercourse during the identified fertile days and during menses decreases. This evidence implies a behavioural change as couples get more experience using their method and communicating about the fertile days. Coital frequency was also influenced by the method used and by the study sites. Potential differences between the methods and sites that may contribute to this effect are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Requirements for NFP service delivery: an overview.

This paper reviews the salient features of natural family planning (NFP) and how it is provided. It also reviews the issues that influence how NFP is mainstreamed including client needs, provider expectations and capabilities, service delivery strategies and policy questions. Ways providers could make NFP easier for clients to learn include incorporating fertility awareness in all family planning client education efforts, teaching NFP in groups, and using a competency-based approach to teach NFP. The question of whether NFP teachers need to be users is analyzed from historical and current perspectives, and four options are presented for organizing NFP services in multi-method settings. Finally, the policy issues that multi-method providers will need to address when NFP is incorporated into their choice of methods are discussed.

Delivery of Health Care↗