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PubMedDate not supplied

Creating Web-based, multimedia, and interactive courses for distance learning.

A case study describes how faculty at Saint Louis University School of Nursing have developed computer-based, multimedia courses for master's and post-master's nursing education. Lectures with slide presentations are recorded digitally and encoded for multimedia streaming over the World Wide Web for distance learning. The technology is explained in detail in terms of the specific technologies used for lecture and course development. How this technology supports graduate student learning is also presented.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Creating a tailored, multimedia, computer-based intervention.

Tailoring of health-related messages is effective in motivating behavior change. However, planning, designing, and implementing a tailored health promotion program can be a challenge. This article describes the process of creating a tailored multimedia program for presentation via computer to promote factory workers' use of hearing-protection devices to prevent noise-induced hearing loss. The creation process was segmented into 5 phases: 1) determination of program content; 2) creation of overall program design, including live action and still video and addition of sound and graphics; 3) development and integration of tailoring pathways into the final intervention; 4) development of a database and participant handouts; and 5) pilot testing of the intervention program. The approach used in this research program can serve as a prototype for future development of computerized multimedia health promotion interventions and can assist others in the effective use of this medium.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1997

[The study and primary application of multimedia teaching and learning system for diseases of temporomandibular joint].

A multimedia computer-assistant teaching and learning system for diseases of temporomandibular joint was reported in this paper. It was designed and implemented in Windows (Chinese) on PC 486. It was emphasized that interactive teaching and learning was an available, funny method and student was the focus of teaching and learning in this system. A satisfied result was obtained by utilizing of this multimedia teaching and learning system for primary application.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗

PubMed2001

The multimedia computer for low-literacy patient education: a pilot project of cancer risk perceptions.

OBJECTIVE: Inadequate reading literacy is a major barrier to better educating patients. Despite its high prevalence, practical solutions for detecting and overcoming low literacy in a busy clinical setting remain elusive. In exploring the potential role for the multimedia computer in improving office-based patient education, we compared the accuracy of information captured from audio-computer interviewing of patients with that obtained from subsequent verbal questioning. SETTING: Adult medicine clinic, urban community health center PATIENTS: Convenience sample of patients awaiting clinic appointments (n = 59). Exclusion criteria included obvious psychoneurologic impairment or primary language other than English. INTERVENTION: A multimedia computer presentation that used audio-computer interviewing with localized imagery and voices to elicit responses to 4 questions on prior computer use and cancer risk perceptions. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Three patients refused or were unable to interact with the computer at all, and 3 patients required restarting the presentation from the beginning but ultimately completed the computerized survey. Of the 51 evaluable patients (72.5% African-American, 66.7% female, mean age 47.5 [+/- 18.1]), the mean time in the computer presentation was significantly longer with older age and with no prior computer use but did not differ by gender or race. Despite a high proportion of no prior computer use (60.8%), there was a high rate of agreement (88.7% overall) between audio-computer interviewing and subsequent verbal questioning. CONCLUSIONS: Audio-computer interviewing is feasible in this urban community health center. The computer offers a partial solution for overcoming literacy barriers inherent in written patient education materials and provides an efficient means of data collection that can be used to better target patients' educational needs.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Deep versus surface learning with multimedia in nursing education development and evaluation of WoundCare.

Examination of the software design-learning relationship is mandatory if significant benefits are to be derived from the development and use of Interactive multimedia in nursing education. This article reports on the development and student evaluation of WoundCare: An Interactive Learning Program for Health Professionals (version 1.0a). Of particular interest to those involved in nursing education is the extent to which the learning activities incorporated in WoundCare promote "deep" rather than "surface" learning. Specific design features believed to facilitate and inhibit deep learning are identified. Modifications that could increase the learning effectiveness of WoundCare and other interactive multimedia programs are proposed.

Australia↗

PubMed2001

GOLEM--multimedia simulator for medical education.

We created multimedia medical training simulator "GOLEM" for learning diagnostics and therapy of the critical clinical disorders. The theoretical basis of the simulator is the mathematical formulation of the relationship of homeostasis of the internal environment (acid/base and electrolyte equilibrium, of transport of blood gases, of osmotic and volume homeostasis), respiration, circulation and kidneys including regulatory influence of relevant hormones and the influence of some therapeutic procedures. Mathematical description consists of 39 non-linear differential equations and containing 89 input and 179 output variables. For the development of the simulation models developer's tools from MathWorks (Matlab and Simulink) has been used. The integration of the multimedia components, hypertext and simulation models interface was achieved by using Control Web, developed by Moravian Instruments, originally designed for long distance controls using PC and Internet. We have used our simulator as an efficient educational tool to help medical students learn circulatory, respiratory, acid-base, electrolyte, osmotic and volume disorders and train the diagnostic and therapeutic decisions by executing simulated interventions on virtual "patients".

Acid-Base Imbalance↗

PubMed2001

Multimedia model of atrazine in plant-soil-groundwater system with a fugacity approach.

The application of atrazine in China during the last ten years has led to some environmental problems. In this paper, the multimedia model of atrazine in soil-plant-groundwater system at Baiyangdian Lake area in Northern China was established using a fugacity approach, and verified with observed values. The model involved 7 environmental compartments which are air, groundwater, soil, corn roots, corn stem, corn leaf and kernel of corn. The results showed that the relative errors between calculated and observed values have a mean value of 24.7%, the highest value is 48% and the lowest value is 1.4%. All these values indicated that this multimedia model can be used to simulate the environmental fate of atrazine. Both the calculated and observed values of concentrations of atrazine in plant compartments are in the following order: in corn roots > in corn stem > in kernel of corn > in corn leaf, it exhibited a good regularity. The prediction results indicated that concentrations of atrazine in the groundwater and kernel of corn will override the limitation of 3 micrograms/L and 0.05 mg/kg respectively.

Atrazine↗

PubMed2003

A multimedia patient simulation for teaching and assessing endodontic diagnosis.

Teaching and assessing diagnostic skills are difficult due to relatively small numbers of total clinical experiences and a shortage of clinical faculty. Patient simulations could help teach and assess diagnosis by displaying a well-defined diagnostic task, then providing informative feedback and opportunities for repetition and correction of errors. This report describes the development and initial evaluation of SimEndo I, a multimedia patient simulation program that could be used for teaching or assessing endodontic diagnosis. Students interact with a graphical interface that has four pull-down menus and related submenus. In response to student requests, the program presents patient information. Scoring is based on diagnosis of each case by endodontists. Pilot testing with seventy-four junior dental students identified numerous needed improvements to the user interface program. A multi-school field test of the interface program using three patient cases addressed three research questions: 1) How did the field test students evaluate SimEndo I? Overall mean evaluation was 8.1 on a 0 to 10 scale; 2) How many cases are needed to generate a reproducible diagnostic proficiency score for an individual student using the Rimoldi scoring procedure? Mean diagnostic proficiency scores by case ranged from .27 to .40 on a 0 to 1 scale; five cases would produce a score with a 0.80 reliability coefficient; and 3) Did students accurately diagnose each case? Mean correct diagnosis scores by case ranged from .54 to .78 on a 0 to 1 scale. We conclude that multimedia patient simulations offer a promising alternative for teaching and assessing student diagnostic skills.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMed2004

Use of the relative concentration to evaluate a multimedia model for PAHs in the absence of emission estimates.

With no confident emission information, a dynamic multimedia model (POPsME) was evaluated by comparing predicted and measured relative concentrations (defined as the ratio of concentration in a medium to that in soil) for 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, and indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene). Field monitoring for multimedia (air particulates, water (dissolved phase and suspended solids), soil, sediment, and leaves of Pinus koraiensis and Prunus serrulata) was conducted seasonally over 1 yr from August 1999 to July 2000 at seven sites in Seoul and neighboring areas (150 km x 150 km) in Korea. The model was calibrated using the monitoring data of four PAHs (phenanthrene, pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, and benzo[g,h,i]perylene) and tested with the remaining eight PAHs. For C(suspended solids)/C(soil) and C(sediment)/C(soil) (Ci, concentration (mol/m3) in medium i), the model prediction changed with octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) from underestimation to overestimation, revealing a limitation to the use of sorption equilibrium assumption and/or Kow for the description of sorption. Nonetheless, the model prediction generally agreed with the measured within a factor of 10 for all the monitored media. The relative concentration was shown to be a useful means to evaluate and improve the model.

Air Pollutants↗

PubMed2004

[Multimedia teaching software in university education].

This article is aimed at developing of multimedia teaching programs. Authoring tool Authorware Professional for Windows is briefly described as a suited system for the developing of didactic applications. Author presents own application based on Authorware--Biophysics of perception of sound and light. At the end are also disscused benefits of multimedia teaching tools.

Biophysics↗

PubMed1996

Students' perceptions of a multimedia computer-aided instruction resource in histology.

OBJECTIVE: To develop an interactive multimedia-based computer-aided instruction (CAI) programme, to determine its educational worth and efficacy in a multicultural academic environment and to evaluate its usage by students with differing levels of computer literacy. DESIGN: A prospective descriptive study evaluating pre- and post-module testing, student usage tracking and a questionnaire survey. SETTING: University of Natal Medical School. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-four volunteers from the class of 125 second-year M.B. Ch.B. students who participated in the CAI study; 13 of these were not computer-literate. INTERVENTION: The study group used the CAI module for 2 weeks as part of the course. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Post-test scoring and evaluation of questionnaire responses. RESULTS: Results of pre- and post-tests show that CAI users' scores were slightly lower on pre-testing (22.1% v. 23.2%), while their post-test scores were higher (65.6% v. 60.7%). Lack of computer literacy did not restrict or hinder students in their use of the programme. Responses to a questionnaire completed by all CAI users indicate consensus that the programme helped the students to learn (94%), that it provided important basic knowledge (88%) and that it was a helpful learning experience (88%). All but 1 student wished to have more programmes like this available in histology. CONCLUSIONS: The CAI programme reduced the time spent by students in the histology microscopy laboratory and did not negatively affect their marks in post-course evaluation. The concept of multimedia-based CAI in medical education was positively received by the students who participated.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗

PubMed1998

[Clinical analysis of motion using multimedia technology].

In disabling orthopaedic and neurological disorders, in addition to clinical and imaging examination, observation of the motion is an important method of examination. It serves as a starting point for the motion analysis using digital video. In this way, muscle functions can be measured with the aid of a kinesiological EMG. Load on the joints of the lower extremities can be deduced from a projection of the foot reaction vector on the body. Combination of a video film of the motion (the gait) with measurement of the kinesiological EMG provides a motion analysis based on multimedia techniques. With modern personal computers, interactive examination of these digital data is simple. Three examples of this functionality can be viewed at the Internet site of this journal (http:@appendix.niwi.knaw.nl): the normal walking cycle, the active stabilization of the knee after an injury of the anterior cruciate ligament and the gait of a woman with cerebral palsy before and after orthopaedic surgery. Motion analysis using multimedia techniques makes it possible to analyse relationships between muscular and articular functions on the one hand and impaired motion on the other in a way that is meaningful to the clinician.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries↗

PubMed1998

Design and development of a multimedia database for emergency telemedicine.

Recent studies conclude that early and specialised pre-hospital patient management contributes to emergency cases survival. Recent developments in telecommunication and medical informatics by means of telemedicine can be extremely useful to accomplish such tasks in a cost-effective manner. Along that direction, we have designed a portable device for emergency telemedicine. This device is able to telematically "bring" the expert doctor at the emergency site, have him perform an accurate diagnosis, and subsequently direct the Emergency Medical Technicians on how to treat the patient until he arrives to the hospital. The need for storing and archiving all data being interchanged during the telemedicine sessions is very crucial for clinical, legal and administrative purposes. For this, we have developed a multimedia database able to store and manage the data collected by the AMBULANCE system. The database was equipped with a user-friendly graphical interface to enable use from computer naive users. Furthermore, the database has the possibility to display, in an standard way, ECG's, X-ray, CT and MRI images. The application is password protected with a three-level hierarchy access for users with different privileges. The scope of this application is to enhance the capabilities of the doctor on duty for a more precise and prompt diagnosis. The application has the ability to store audio files related to each emergency case and still images of the scene. Finally, this database can become a useful multimedia tool which will work together with the AMBULANCE portable device, the HIS and the PACS of the hospital. The system has been validated in selected non-critical cases and proved to be functional and successful in enhancing the ability of the doctor's on duty for prompt and accurate diagnosis and specialised pre-hospital treatment.

Ambulances↗

PubMed1996

Isoelectric focusing and titration curves in biomedicine and in agrofood industries: a multimedia teaching program.

The aim of this 45 min, 60 megabyte, modular program is to initiate students, scientists and engineers of biotechnology, biomedicine and agrofood industries into isoelectric focusing (IEF) and titration curves for analytical (e.g. IEF, zone electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, electrotransfer) and preparative (e.g. ion-exchange chromatography, chromatofocusing) application of charge-dependent methods. For advanced teaching, the following theoretical and practical aspects may be of interest: pH gradient engineering, IEF resolving power, generation of pH gradient, sample-ampholyte interactions, pH gradient drift, immobilized pH gradients (IPG), IPG-two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis, preparative methods with multi-compartments and IPG membranes, capillary IEF, isozyme analysis, etc.). The program associates fixed and animated drawings, and computer-assisted simulations, with spoken and written commentaries (in English). It is illustrated with numerous IEF gel patterns and titration curves and some video sequences to be run on a multimedia PC with MS Windows 3.1 (or later releases) as the only software. The linear presentation of the program may be used directly on the PC, or may be projected on a screen from the PC, for small classes or for a larger audience (200 persons). Its development as an interactive multimedia program is in progress and will soon be available on the Internet.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗

PubMed1996

An integrated approach to senology education: combination of a hypermedia program with a multimedia archive.

The aim of this work was to demonstrate the computerized system on senology, which combines a hypermedia application to a multimedia didactical archive, integrated with a radiological information system. These applications have been developed on Macintosh computers using the softwares Supercard and 4th Dimension. The hypermedia application deals with basic principles of anatomy as well as the radiologic semeiology and pathology through different imaging techniques in order to illustrate basic principles. Thus, students can modify their learning pathways and the timing as they wish. Limitations are related to time consumption in preparing the programs and technical difficulties in expanding them. Multimedia archive allows to classify a large number of difficult and uncommon clinical cases, creating an easily updatable teaching file in digital format which considerably improves access to stored image data, also reducing loss of films and film degradation. From initial experiences we conclude that these systems are valid devices in information and up to date for physicians dedicated to the study of breast pathology.

Breast↗

PubMed1995

Environmental and occupational exposure to manganese: a multimedia assessment.

Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) is an organic additive used in Canada since 1976 as an anti-knock agent in unleaded gasoline. Its combustion leads to the emission of Mn oxides, especially Mn3O4. Since no study has assessed the potential risk of chronic exposure to low concentrations resulting from these emissions, the present investigation was undertaken to assess the level of environmental and occupational exposure of the human population. The multimedia exposure of two groups of workers (garage mechanics and blue-collar workers) potentially exposed to different levels of Mn from the combustion of MMT was assessed using personal air samplers, a dietary compilation, water samples at their places of residence, an epidemiological questionnaire and blood and hair samples. Results show that garage mechanics were exposed on average to higher atmospheric Mn at work (0.42 microgram/m3) than the blue-collar workers (0.04 microgram/m3). However, the contribution of atmospheric Mn to the total absorbed dose was less than 1%, and well below the standards established for occupational or environmental exposure; food contributes more than 95% of the multimedia dose. The average whole blood Mn concentrations were similar for the two groups (0.67-0.76 microgram/100 ml) and fall within the normal adult range. The average hair Mn concentrations were significantly higher for the garage mechanics (0.66 microgram/g) than for the blue-collar workers (0.39 microgram/g). The contribution of exogenous Mn versus endogenous Mn is questioned. As judged by the governmental standards or criteria for occupational and non-occupational environments, the current Mn levels in food, water and air may not cause any problems for the workers.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Multimedia document architecture for medical applications.

Document architecture is a fundamental element in the design architecture of picture archiving communication systems (PACS). This article gives an overview of a multimedia document architecture in terms of logical and layout structures and describes a method for organizing and modeling multimedia diagnostic reports. The proposed document model is based on the office document architecture (ODA) ISO standard with additional enhancements to satisfy the functionality required of future interworking PACS.

Documentation↗

PubMed1992

The use of multimedia in patient care.

A personal computer based system was constructed to assess the use of various forms of information (multimedia) in patient record keeping. A patient's file with his records kept in a multimedia fashion was made by using the system. We describe the hardware and software construction of the system together with the results and the memory requirements of each type of media. Potential usage of the system in the future is discussed especially in connection with the Picture Archiving and Communications Systems (PACS).

Medical Records Systems, Computerized↗