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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Molecular epidemiology of serogroup a meningitis in Moscow, 1969 to 1997.

Molecular analysis of 103 serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis strains isolated in Moscow from 1969 to 1997 showed that four independent clonal groupings were responsible for successive waves of meningococcal disease. An epidemic from 1969 to the mid-1970s was caused by genocloud 2 of subgroup III, possibly imported from China. Subsequent endemic disease through the early 1990s was caused by subgroup X and then by subgroup VI, which has also caused endemic disease elsewhere in eastern Europe. A 1996 epidemic was part of the pandemic spread from Asia of genocloud 8 of subgroup III. Recent genocloud 8 epidemic disease in Moscow may represent an early warning for spread of these bacteria to other countries in Europe.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1986

Use of the population potential model for predicting the growth of cities in a region (with reference to Moscow Oblast).

"A modification of the population potential model is used to analyze the structure of the potential of population for cities of the Moscow region, to develop a relationship between population potential and city size, and to use this procedure to forecast future population change in Moscow Oblast cities." Cities in the region with a population of 50,000 or more at the censuses of 1959, 1970, and 1979 are included.

Demography↗
PubMed1992

Regional population trends in the city of Moscow during the 1979-1989 intercensal period.

"This article investigates regional population trends in the city of Moscow during the intercensal period of 1979-1989. Results indicate that the Outer Zone grew more rapidly than the Inner Zone, which experienced population decline overall. As a result, the population of Moscow continued to shift to the Outer Zone. Although the Inner Zone still had a higher population density, the density gradient between the zones had flattened appreciably. Regional population growth rates were strongly and positively related to changes in housing space."

Demography↗
PubMed2002

[The agent used to free the hostages in Moscow and the insufficient Dutch preparations in case of a terrorist chemical disaster].

In its attempt to liberate the hostages in Moscow, the government used a gas or vapour. Classical war gases are not appropriate for such a task because they cause irreparable damage, while inhalation anaesthetics are inappropriate because they take too long to take effect, and because hundreds of litres would have been required for a sufficient effect. Following the liberation of the hostages, it was reported that a fentanyl derivative had been used, most likely carfentanyl. From the way that the hostages, in Moscow were liberated, it is clear that terrorist attacks in which chemicals are used may also take place in the future in the Netherlands. In order to be able to react adequately to such situations, additional training for physicians and other health-care personnel is urgently necessary and the hospitals must also be better prepared for this task, especially for the artificial respiration of large numbers of patients and for the administration of large amounts of antidote in easy-to-use dosage units. From now on, on-site treatment and stabilisation will not be reserved only for trauma cases.

Biological Warfare↗
PubMed2003

[Use of glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) in the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis. Experience of the Moscow multiple sclerosis center].

146 patients with multiple sclerosis are treated by copaxone in the Moscow MS Centre. The relaps exacerbation rate decreased by 72%, the relapse rate reduced by 25.6% during the copaxone treatment. EDSS score did not increase both in group with and without relapses. The condition of 2/3 patients was stable. To achieve the best effect of treatment the program of patient support was successfully used in the Moscow MS Centre.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Human dirofilariasis in the Moscow region].

Dirofilaria repens Railliet et Henry, 1911 was for the first time studied in the Moscow Region where 11 patients (6 males and 5 females) aged 4-72 years were recorded in 2000-2002. The geographical distribution (the southern and south-eastern parts of the region) of local cases of dirofiliriasis, was observed. There was a relatively high rate of D. repens in the male genitalia of the infected patients as compared with that reported by other authors. In accordance with the current terminology, D. repens in the Moscow Region is proposed to be regarded as emerging infection. The authors show it necessary to obligatorily record all autochtonous cases of D. repens infection, to make epidemiological surveillance and analysis in order to early detect and prevent dirofilariasis-associated complications.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Causes of death in patients with rheumatic diseases in Moscow].

AIM: To study causes of death of rheumatic patients in Moscow. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Autopsy protocols for 1999-2002 were analysed for two pathoanatomic departments of Moscow. RESULTS: Rheumatic diseases were detected in 165 cases (2.0% of overall number of autopsies in these departments). Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) was stated in 99 (60.0%) cases, rheumatic fever relapse (RFR) in 4 (2.4%), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 28 (17.0%), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in 8 (4.8%), systemic sclerosis (SS) in 3 (1.8%), ankylosing spondilarthritis (AS) in 2 (1.2%), systemic vasculitis (SV) in 2 (1.2%), osteoarthrosis in 11 (7.3%), gout in 3 (1.8%), polymyositis in 1 (0.6%). RHD patients died of decompensated circulation (DC) (54%), acute heart failure (AHF) (14%), thromboembolism (TE) (6%), other causes (26%). RF patients died of TE (n = 2), DC (n = 1), AHF (n = 1). Out of 28 RA patients, 5 patients died of secondary amyloidosis, 3 of DC, 7 of AHF, 1 of TE, 5 of infectious complications, 7 of other causes. SLE patients died of uremia (n = 2), acute adrenal failure (n = 1), infectious complications (n = 2), AHF (n = 2), brain edema (n = 1). CONCLUSION: Among rheumatic diseases, rheumatic heart valve disease was most severe as it caused the highest mortality. Cardiovascular pathology caused death in most of the rheumatic patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of haemorrhoids at the Moscow Research Institute of Proctology.

The article sums up experience acquired with the treatment of more than 4,000 patients with haemorrhoids at the Research Institute of Proctology (Moscow). The pattern that emerges is that only about 30% of patients with haemorrhoids should be subjected to radical haemorrhoidectomy. Others can be cured on conservative lines, including sclerosing injections. Two modifications of haemorrhoidectomy are described which have been developed at the Research Institute of Proctology (Moscow). Long-term results of haemorrhoidectomy have been examined in nearly 1,500 patients. In the post-operative period of five and more years, 3.78% of patients had recurrences.

Administration, Rectal↗
PubMed1985

[Clinico-laboratory and seroepidemiological examinations of children immunized with live measles vaccine prepared from genetically homogeneous strain Moscow-5].

The results of the clinico-laboratory and epidemiological study of a newly developed live measles vaccine obtained from strain Moscow-5, genetically homogeneous and cloned from strain JI-16, are presented. The data indicate that the vaccine obtained from strain Moscow-5 is safe and possesses low reactogenicity and high immunological potency, thus meeting all requirements for vaccinal preparations.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The reorganization of the administrative and management apparatus of public health with the introduction of medical insurance (based on data from Reutovo, Moscow Province)].

Implementation of the Law "On Medical Insurance of Citizens in the Russian Federation" and of the relevant resolution of the Head of the Administration of the Moscow Province No. 31/1 of February 21, 1994 implies the reorganization of local schemes of public health management and changes in the administrative structures of public health institutions which became autonomic subjects in the period of transition to medical insurance. The author discusses two trends of the possible changes, one of which, after appropriate studies, was introduced in the system of local public health management in the town of Reutovo in Moscow Province. Rearrangement of the scheme of public health management in the town of Reutovo helped maintain and preserve the stable status of each public health institution, carry out ascertaining and licensing, and improve the quality of medical care rendered to the population, with the share of expenditures for administrative and managerial personnel reduced.

Insurance, Health↗
PubMed1997

[A comparative analysis of the course of odontogenic phlegmons of the face and neck area in patients from Yakutsk and Moscow].

A total of 126 patients with odontogenic inflammatory diseases were examined, 54 of these in Moscow and 72 in Yakutsk. The clinical and immunological parameters were assessed on days 2 and 6 after similar operations. In residents of Yakutsk the inflammatory process was associated with a more expressed intoxication and coursed 1.5 to 2 days longer than in Muscovites; moreover, the residents of Yakutsk developed higher leukocytosis and a drop of T-lymphocyte level with the predominance of T-helpers. Hence, odontogenic inflammations take mainly a hyperergic course in Yakutsk and a normergic one in Moscow.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Aspirin protects against gastric cancer: results of a case-control study from Moscow, Russia.

A case-control study of stomach cancer which includes 448 cases and 610 hospital controls has been conducted in Moscow, Russia. Information on life-style habits, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, medical history and use of different medications including aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire. Venous blood was drawn from 361 cases and 441 controls. A serological test for Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G was performed to detect infected individuals. Use of aspirin and other NSAIDs was associated with protection against cancer of the stomach (OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.41-0.90). Analysis by subsite revealed that aspirin did not affect the risk of cancer of the gastric cardia but had a protective effect for non-cardia gastric cancer. The OR associated with use of aspirin adjusted for age and education for both sexes combined was 0.49 (95% CI 0.31-0.77). A decrease in relative risk was statistically significant for men (OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.25-0.92) and women (OR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.28-0.97). Controlling for major risk factors did not attenuate the reduction in risk. The observed associations were also present in individuals who were H. pylori immunoglobulin G-positive. There was no reduction in risk associated with aspirin and/or non-aspirin NSAIDs among non-infected subjects.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2006

[Foreign knowledge being tested: European physicians fighting the Moscow plague of 1771].

The transfer of Western medicine to Russia increased significantly in the Eighteenth century. Foreign doctors were employed, their writings translated, their education standards copied. But who regarded that knowledge as superior and why? Taking the Moscow Plague of 1771 as a case study, this article examines the crucial role foreign and Russian medical practitioners played during the epidemic. It argues that especially those ideas and practices that were useful for social control filtered into politics and public discourse, but failed to convince the majority of the population.

Diffusion of Innovation↗
PubMed1991

Diet, alcohol consumption and reproductive factors in a case-control study of breast cancer in Moscow.

A case-control study was conducted in Moscow to assess the effect of diet on risk of breast cancer, and also to study the established reproductive risk factors. A notable finding of the study, which covered 139 case-control pairs matched by age and neighbourhood, is that dietary factors are more important for post-menopausal than for pre-menopausal breast cancer. The decreased risk of post-menopausal breast cancer was associated with high intakes of cellulose (OR 0.04; 95% CI 0.01-0.31), mono- and disaccharides (OR 0.02; 95% CI 0.002-0.27), vitamin C (OR 0.20; 95% CI 0.06-0.70), beta-carotene (OR 0.09; 95% CI 0.02-0.49), and also polyunsaturated fatty acids (OR 0.14; 95% CI 0.03-0.69). High intakes of total fat resulted in a statistically non-significant decrease in the odds ratio (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.04-6.99), while saturated fats slightly increased the risk of breast cancer (OR 1.67; 95% CI 0.24-11.78). Protein intake was also associated with increased risk of breast cancer (OR 4.62; 95% CI 0.69-30.70). Alcohol use significantly increased the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women (OR 3.39; 95% CI 1.37-8.38). In general, the results of our study indicate that high risk of breast cancer is associated with high intakes of nutrients derived from animal products, and low risk with high intake of those from vegetables and fruits.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Gastric cancer screening in selected population of Moscow region: retrospective evaluation.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of photofluorographic gastric cancer screening in selected population of Moscow Region (Russia) during a 15-year period. Thirty-five thousand patients were examined annually with photofluorography (tight filling and double contrast) of the stomach. Gastroscopy with multiple biopsies was performed in suspicious or inconclusive cases. Dynamic CT scan with air distention of the stomach was made before the operation for precise determination of tumor size as well as in some inconclusive cases. The final diagnosis was made by histologic examination of resected stomach. A total of 4286 patients dropped out of the study. In 25,392 patients no pathology was found. Gastric cancer was diagnosed in 680 (1.94%) of patients. In the study 170 (25%) "early" gastric cancers and 510 (75%) advanced gastric cancers were found. Among 170 early gastric cancers 120 (70%) were type-IIb (flat carcinoma) lesions in which endoscopy had low positive predictive value due to nonspecific picture and negative biopsy. On the contrary, dynamic CT scan with air distention of the stomach revealed local thickening of stomach wall in 118 of 120 (98.3%) of the tumors and correctly determined their sizes in 106 of 120 (89.9%). Gastric cancer screening by means of photofluorography in selected groups of patients is efficient and cost-effective. In doubtful cases with negative biopsies and nonspecific endoscopic image, dynamic CT scan with air distention of the stomach can be a method of choice.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1990

Burned children from the Bashkir train-gas pipeline disaster. I. Acute management at Children's Hospital 9, Moscow.

Following the Bashkir train-gas pipeline disaster of 4 June 1989, US surgeons and nurses had an opportunity to join their Soviet counterparts at the Burn Unit at Children's Hospital 9 in Moscow in caring for the children. As a result of the joint effort, both the Soviet and US professionals came to understand the strengths and limits of each system of burn care. Joining strengths through mutual willingness to listen and cooperate left an elevated level of burn care at Children's Hospital 9.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Burned children from the Bashkir train-gas pipeline disaster. II. Follow-up experience at Children's Hospital 9, Moscow.

A group of US surgeons and nurses was invited by the Soviet surgeons and nurses of the Burn Unit of Childrens Hospital 9 to return to Moscow to participate in the evaluation and treatment of a group of 25 children burned in the Bashkir train-gas pipeline accident of 4 June 1989. The US group had participated in the acute care of the children 7 months before. Major sequelae observed were hepatitis, cardiomyopathy and severe emotional disorders. Reconstructive surgery for burn scars was jointly planned and carried out during a 2-week period of mutually instructive cooperation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Progress in a Moscow children's burn unit: a joint Russian-American collaboration.

A joint Russian-American paediatric burn programme involving Childrens Hospital No. 9 in Moscow and Project HOPE in Millwood, Virginia emerged from the efforts of burn professionals from both countries in caring for a group of children seriously burned as a result of the train-pipeline catastrophe that occurred in June 1989 in the Ural Mountains. This paper describes the burn unit and its activities during the years 1985-93 and includes: (1) a general description of the physical and administrative structure of the unit; (2) the demography of burn admissions; (3) clinical activities; (4) a comparison of the clinical results of the years before the institution of the combined programme (1985-89) with those achieved during the first 4 years of the combined collaboration (1990-93). Among the important changes that have occurred since the onset of the combined programme are: (1) overall reduction in the crude burn mortality rate; (2) decrease in burn deaths in all burn size groups; (3) dramatic reduction in the length of stay of children with the deepest burns; (4) marked improvement in the take of skin grafts applied to burn wounds and an almost total elimination of complete skin graft failures.

Adolescent↗