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PubMedDate not supplied

The changing pattern of interracial marriage.

Recent studies have demonstrated an increased occurrence of interracial marriages in the United States, indicating important shifts in intergroup relations. The effectiveness of traditional theoretical approaches in explaining who marries whom, however, remains problematic. Recently, exchange explanations (which have typically assumed that the black partner in the union exchanges educational and economic accomplishments for the higher "status" of the white spouse) have been replaced by progressive theories emphasizing a trend away from ascriptive and toward achievement norms. We extend this approach by predicting an economic and educational gap between spouses in interracial marriages when compared with racially homogamous marriages. Using the 1980 and 1990 Public Use Microdata Sample, we find continuing evidence that racial barriers in mate selection are weakening. Further, people who intermarry, regardless of race or gender, tend to have higher educational and economic status than those in homogamous marriages. There is still limited support for the kinds of social exchanges between spouses that were implied in earlier sociological theories. We conclude that (1) socioeconomic differentials are not always consistent with the exchange perspective and (2) that recent trends are not systematically eroding these socioeconomic differentials in mate selection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

A study of changes in the marital pattern of Chinese women in the past 40 years.

"There has been a considerable amount of research on changes in the pattern of first marriage among Chinese women and its impact on [the] fertility rate since 1950. This paper attempts to establish several indexes for measuring various dimensions subsumed in the status of 'being married'...to expound the inter-relationships between the number and structure of marriages and the index of first marriage in the population."

Asia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A comparative socio-demographic study of nuptiality in two states: Aguascalientes and Veracruz].

"In this article, nuptiality is studied as a demographic and social phenomenon.... The study focuses on two states of [Mexico]: Aguascalientes and Veracruz, where the author analyzes the formation of couples, the social norms which determine marriage behavior patterns, and the interaction between marriage and reproductive behavior patterns....[The study] includes a description of the characteristics and patterns of unions in the two regions based on data from the 1982 'Encuesta Nacional Demografica' (National Demographic Survey) and on published studies on the subject." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Americas↗
PubMed1993

Marriage selection and age patterns of mortality: a mathematical investigation.

"In this paper, we use simulation models to demonstrate the complexity of the relationship between the marriage selection process and the resulting RMRs [relative mortality ratios]. In particular, we show that marriage selection alone can produce a relative mortality ratio which remains large and relatively constant at ages far beyond the marriage span....Our general objective...is to determine the range of age patterns of relative mortality which could, in theory, result from marriage selection on the basis of health characteristics. We also evaluate the effects of variations in the marriage selection mechanisms on the resulting mortality patterns.... We develop and apply several simple mathematical models of the marriage selection process. In order to distinguish the potential consequences of marriage selection from marriage protection, we consider hypothetical populations in which causal effects are absent.... We begin by considering an extremely simple marriage selection process and subsequently explore a more realistic selection model based on recent death and marriage rates for Japan."

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Recent nuptiality trends and patterns in Kuwait.

"Comparison of marriage data from the five-yearly censuses in Kuwait from 1970 to 1985, and vital statistics, show trends in marriage. Age at first marriage increased for women, but there was little change in men, so there was a narrowing of the age difference between spouses. There is a new tendency emerging for Kuwaiti males to marry non-Kuwaiti females. These changes are attributed to increasing education and employment of women, urbanisation and modernisation, and appear to be leading to a decline in fertility."

Asia↗
PubMed1992

[Nuptiality trends and the fertility transition in Latin America].

The author uses census data to examine the impact of nuptiality on the fertility transition in Latin America. He finds that fertility decreased among adolescents during the 1960s, although no trend was observed for later decades. However, "an increase of legal marriages in connection with consensual unions was also observed. Apart from an [increase] in the number of illegitimate children, the impact of the increase of consensual unions upon fertility is uncertain. No regional trend was observed in connection with age at marriage. This stability suggests that Latin American patterns of marriage are determined by cultural factors rather than socioeconomic reasons." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Socio-demographic correlates of divorce in New Zealand.

"This paper links data obtained from a one-in-five systematic sample of New Zealand divorce files covering the period 1940-78 with published marriage and birth statistics to examine socio-demographic differentials in divorce rates among couples married between 1939 and 1973. Differentials investigated are those by age at marriage, relative age of bride and groom, marital status prior to marriage, relative marital status of bride and groom, pregnancy status of the wife at marriage, timing of the first birth, religion, country of birth and socioeconomic status. Several findings of overseas studies, such as the special proneness to divorce of very youthful marriages and remarriages following previous divorces, are verified for New Zealand. After controlling for age at marriage, pregnancy does not seem to have directly increased the risk of divorce."

Birth Intervals↗
PubMed1997

Income taxes and the timing of marital decisions.

"In this paper we estimate the impact of the [U.S.] federal individual income tax on the timing of marital decisions.... Using household data from the Panel Study on Income Dynamics, we estimate various models of the probability of delaying marriage as a function of the change in tax burden caused by marriage (as well as several other variables). We find that there is a significant positive relationship between the marriage penalty in a year and the probability of delaying marriage until the following year. The magnitude of the effect, however, is small."

Americas↗
PubMed1991

More single women in African cities: Pikine, Abidjan and Brazzaville.

The authors examine increases in marriage age among women in Africa. They show that "this evolution towards later marriage is linked to schooling, but changes are also emerging among women who have not attended school....[The authors] show that the growing proportions of single women are not merely the result of marriage postponement, but a sign of more in-depth changes which are transforming African urban societies."

Africa↗
PubMed1995

[Divorces, 1995].

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Age Factors↗