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PubMed1986

Antigenic determinants of the attachment protein of Mycoplasma pneumoniae shared by other pathogenic Mycoplasma species.

In previous studies with hyperimmune rabbit antisera, we found evidence of serologic cross-reactivity among Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Because of certain biologic and morphologic similarities of these species, attempts were made to determine if this cross-reactivity related to the attachment protein (P1) of M. pneumoniae. Monoclonal and monospecific antibodies against P1 were used to probe proteins of the other species by immunoblotting. One of the P1 monoclonal antibodies was reactive with a smaller protein of M. genitalium; rabbit antiserum raised by immunization with P1 excised from a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gel was found to react with a similar-sized protein of M. gallisepticum. These preliminary findings suggest antigenic sharing among the species examined; however, limitations of the methods used are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Induced mouse spleen B-cell proliferation and secretion of immunoglobulin by lipid-associated membrane proteins of Mycoplasma fermentans incognitus and Mycoplasma penetrans.

Mycoplasmas have been implicated as a possible cofactor in AIDS pathogenesis. Mycoplasma fermentans and M. penetrans infect human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients at a significantly higher frequency than non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected control subjects. Various mycoplasmal membrane preparations are known to affect the functions of immune cells both in vitro and in vivo. A group of lipid-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs) extracted by Triton X-114 from mycoplasmas are major antigenic targets of human host antibody responses. In this study, LAMPs prepared from both M. fermentans and M. penetrans nonspecifically stimulated spleen cells of CBA/CaH mice to proliferate. LAMPs were also stimulatory to spleen cells from athymic mice. On the other hand, enriched splenic T cells from CBA/CaH mice with or without accessory cells responded poorly. Thus, the mitogenic effect of mycoplasmal LAMPs appeared mainly on B cells. High levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) M and low but detectable amounts of IgG were found in the supernatant of LAMP-treated splenic cell culture. M. penetrans LAMPs had a much more potent effect on murine spleen cells than did M. fermentans incognitus LAMPs in inducing both B-cell proliferation and Ig secretion. In conclusion, the mycoplasmal LAMPs contained an active component(s) with T-independent B-cell mitogenic effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

P48 major surface antigen of Mycoplasma agalactiae is homologous to a malp product of Mycoplasma fermentans and belongs to a selected family of bacterial lipoproteins.

A major surface antigenic lipoprotein of Mycoplasma agalactiae, promptly recognized by the host's immune system, was characterized. The mature product, P48, showed significant similarity and shared conserved amino acid motifs with lipoproteins or predicted lipoproteins from Mycoplasma fermentans, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, relapsing fever Borrelia spp., Bacillus subtilis, and Treponema pallidum.

Amino Acid Motifs↗
PubMed2000

Identification of a small RNA within the pdh gene cluster of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma genitalium.

A highly abundant and heterogeneous small RNA about 205 to 210 bases long named MP200 RNA has been identified in Mycoplasma pneumoniae. It was localized on the genome within a 319-bp-long intergenic space of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdh) gene cluster. A database search at the DNA level revealed the highest similarity to a sequence located within the pdh gene cluster of Mycoplasma genitalium that was also shown to be transcribed into two abundant, but smaller RNAs than the ones in Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The RNAs from both M. pneumoniae and M. genitalium have the potential to code for cysteine-rich 29- and 23-amino-acid-long peptides, but so far, these peptides have not been identified experimentally in bacterial protein extracts.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Identification of Mycoplasma felis and Mycoplasma gateae by an immunobinding assay.

An immunobinding assay capable of distinguishing between Mycoplasma felis and Mycoplasma gateae was developed. Nitrocellulose was used as the solid support. Polyclonal rabbit antiserum against M. felis or M. gateae was used in the assay. Binding of the specific rabbit antiserum was detected by alkaline phosphatase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin and an alkaline phosphatase substrate (Nitro Blue Tetrazolium-5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate). The immunobinding assay was effective in the detection of feline mycoplasmas on agar plates, on primary isolation plates, in broth cultures, and in mixed cultures. No cross-reactions were observed with other related mycoplasmal species. The assay was cheap to perform and easy to interpret, and it required little technical time.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1994

Effects of manganese on growth of Mycoplasma salivarium and Mycoplasma orale.

The growth of Mycoplasma salivarium ATCC 23064 and Mycoplasma orale ATCC 15539 was inhibited by MnCl2. The growth-inhibitory effect was much more remarkable on M. orale than M. salivarium and was much more remarkable in medium supplemented with 10% (vol/vol) horse serum (HS) than 20% (vol/vol) HS. It was suggested that isolates of Mycoplasma from the oral cavity could be roughly identified as either M. salivarium and M. orale by examination of the growth (color changes) in PPLO broth supplemented with 10% (vol/vol) HS and 0.2 mM MnCl2.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1975

Comparative study of Mycoplasma pulmonis and Mycoplasma gallisepticum infections in turkey sinus.

Infraorbital sinuses of young turkeys were injected with virulent strains of Mycoplasma pulmonis and Mycoplasma gallisepticum to compare the diseases caused by the 2 agents. Mycoplasma pulmonis did not cause visible swelling from large quantities of mucous exudate in the sinuses, such as occurs with M gallisepticum, and it could not be recovered by bacteriologic culture technique after 3 weeks. However, slight exudate did accompany the M pulmonis infection. Similarities between the disease caused by M pulmonis and that caused by M gallisepticum included lymphocytic infiltration in the submucosa, swollen epithelial cells, and loss of cilia from sinus epithelial cell surfaces. This strain of M pulmonis, which is pathogenic for rats, was only mildly pathogenic for turkeys and the infection did not persist for long.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Arthritic pathogenicity of Mycoplasma and Mycoplasma arthritis in humans].

The review deals with Mycoplasma-induced arthritis. It provides the author's own results and the data available in the literature, which suggest that "arthritogenic" Mycoplasma make an etiological contribution to the development of human rheumatic arthritis. It also discusses some well-known and hypothetic mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of Mycoplasma-induced arthritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing for the newly identified AIDS-associated Mycoplasma. Mycoplasma fermentans (incognitus strain).

Mycoplasma fermentans (incognitus strain) has recently been recognized as a possible infectious pathogen in humans. This mycoplasma is associated with an acute fatal disease in previously healthy patients who do not have the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Many patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome suffer a systemic infection with this microbe. Quantitative assay of antimicrobial susceptibility for M fermentans (incognitus strain) in cultures to representative antibiotics has revealed that the microbe is not sensitive to erythromycin, the most commonly used antibiotic for human mycoplasma infections. The testing shows that M fermentans (incognitus strain) is sensitive in vitro to the antibiotics tetracycline, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, lincomycin, and ciprofloxacin.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

In vitro comparison of the activity of doxycycline, tetracycline, erythromycin and a new macrolide, CP 62993, against Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum.

The in vitro activities of doxycycline, tetracycline, erythromycin and a new macrolide, CP 62993, against clinical isolates of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (n = 3), Mycoplasma hominis (n = 64) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (n = 33), were compared using an agar dilution method. M. pneumoniae seemed equally susceptible to the two tetracyclines, while the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of doxycycline were one or two dilution steps lower than the MICs of tetracycline for most strains of M. hominis and U. urealyticum. Ten of the 64 M. hominis strains required greater than or equal to 32 mg/l of tetracycline and 4 to 32 mg/l of doxycycline for inhibition. The MICs of CP 62993 were lower than those of erythromycin for all species tested although as much as 2 to 4 mg/l were required for inhibition of M. hominis. There is microbiological evidence that doxycycline as well as tetracycline might be effective against mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas. For erythromycin this is only true for M. pneumoniae and U. urealyticum.

Azithromycin↗
PubMed1979

[Effect of Mycoplasma arthritidis on mouse and rat lymphoid cells in experimental Mycoplasma infection].

Early stages of mycoplasma infection of mice and rats were accompanied by suppression of the populations of rosette- and plaque-forming cells. Later the character and dynamics of the immune response to M. arthritidis differed in mice and rats. In mice mycoplasma infection was accompanied by stimulation of rosette-forming cells with some suppression of the plaque-forming cells from the 7th to the 36th day of infection. In rats by the 7th day the number of plaque- and rosette-forming cells decreased in comparison with control, and the immune response was restored by the 15h day; at later periods the immune response of the infected rats exceeded the normal level considerably. The cellular and humoral immune reactions proved to depend on the mycoplasma dose.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Studies of Mycoplasma mastitis in cattle. 7. Mycoplasma mastitis in 3 dairy cattle herds].

Reported in this paper is the occurrence of enzootic mastitis in three dairy cattle stocks. The outbreaks had been caused by Mycoplasma bovis, Acholeplasma laidlawii, Acholeplasma axanthum as well as by one unidentified strain of the family of mycoplasmataceae. All animals with positive response to mycoplasma tests were identified an selected by repetitive testing of cultures in milk samples which had been taken from all lactating and dry cows and heifers as well as by evaluation of organ samples obtained from slaughtered cows. Regular cleaning and disinfection of stands in cowsheds, cattle tracks, and milk parlours as well as disinfection of udders and milking cups worked extremely well throughout the action in control of those cases of enzootic mycoplasma mastitis.

Acholeplasma↗
PubMed1983

Studies of polyarthritis caused by Mycoplasma arthritidis in rats. I. Detection of the persisting Mycoplasma antigen by the enzyme immune assay (EIA) and conventional culture technique.

Investigations on Mycoplasma (M.) arthritidis polyarthritis of the rat produced by intravenous inoculation of M. arthritidis ISR 1 with special reference to the persistence of the inoculated mycoplasma antigen were performed in a total of 145 rats. The mycoplasmas were demonstrated by the conventional culture technique as well as by an enzyme immune assay (EIA). M. arthritidis was cultured from liver, kidney, spleen, and thymus up to 4 days, from trachea and uterus up to 4 weeks, and from lung, heart, brain, and lymph nodes up to 2 months after infection. It could be recovered from the joints in 70-80% of the animals up to 28 days and in the remaining 20-30% up to 200 days after infection. Using the EIA the mycoplasmal antigen could be demonstrated generally, also in the joints of infected rats which had no longer been positive by culture (10-20 weeks after inoculation). The investigations using EIA also showed a positive reaction between antiserum against M. arthritidis and joint homogenates of control rats, indicating the presence of common antigens to M. arthritidis and to joint tissues of the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Prevalence of mycoplasmas and immune responses to Mycoplasma bovis in feedlot calves.

Microbiological cultural, cytologic, and immunologic observations were made on 30 calves. The eyes, nares, and bronchioalveolar region were subjected to microbiological cultural examination for mycoplasmas. Four of the examinations of 30 eyes, 15 of those of 30 nasal tissues, and 25 of those of the 30 bronchioalveolar regions from the 30 calves were positive for mycoplasmas. Mycoplasma bovis and M bovirhinis were the most prevalent species. Cytologic examinations of peripheral blood and bronchioalveolar washes did not show pathologic changes. Results of indirect hemagglutination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, lymphocyte-stimulation tests on peripheral blood cells, and skin testing demonstrated only a low prevalence of immune recognition of M bovis. Infection and immune response were studied in 3 calves for 10 weeks before, and for 4 weeks after, intratracheal administration of live M bovis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mycoplasma in the spotlight of AIDS: partial biochemical characterization of mycoplasma-derived components inducing TNF alpha secretion and blast transformation.

We have previously demonstrated that the AIDS-associated Mycoplasma fermentans as well as Mycoplasma capricolum membranes activated bone marrow macrophages to secrete tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and induce blast transformation of splenic lymphocytes. Herein, we show that the membrane component of Mycoplasma capricolum capable of inducing TNF alpha secretion is a hydrophobic protein. This is supported by our findings that the TNF alpha inducing activity was eluted by a phenyl-Sepharose column in a peak distinct from bulk membrane lipids. The hydrophobic nature of the protein is indicated by the activity of the "hydrophobic protein" fraction of the membranes, and the pattern of elution obtained by the phenyl-Sepharose column. Fractionation of the M. capricolum membranes, solubilized by CHAPS (3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammoniol]1-propane sulfate) on a gel filtration column revealed a major peak of TNF alpha inducing activity of about 75,000 daltons, and a minor peak of about 55,000 daltons. The mitogenic activity, though spread throughout the column, peaked in the same fractions as the TNF alpha inducing activity. Both activities co-eluted by the phenyl-Sepharose column as well. However, the mitogenic activity of the membranes was much more resistant to elevated temperatures and extreme pH treatment.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Various blood parameters in commercial hens acutely and chronically infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae.

Two trials were conducted to study the effects of acute (Trial 1) and chronic (Trial 2) mycoplasma infections on differential leukocyte counts in chickens. The trials initially included either 20 (Trial 1) or 40 (Trial 2) 6-wk-old commercial leghorn chickens negative for antibodies to Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS). Chickens were inoculated with F strain MG (FMG), MS (WVU 1853), or both. One group of chickens remained uninoculated and served as a negative control for both trials. Chickens were housed in fiberglass isolation units from 6 to 10 wk (Trial 1) or 6 to 70 wk of age (Trial 2). Differential leukocyte counts were examined from 6 to 10 wk (Trial 1) or 66 to 70 wk of age (Trial 2) in all chickens. Also, in Trial 2, packed cell volumes (PCVs) and plasma protein values were examined from 66 to 70 wk of age. In the acute study (Trial 1), differential leukocyte counts revealed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in heterophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil values among treatments. In general, the differential counts of FMG- and MS-infected birds were characterized by heterophilia, lymphopenia, monocytosis, eosinopenia, and basopenia. Histopathologic examination of the spleen, liver, kidney, and bone marrow revealed a high degree of lymphoid foci within the spleen and bone marrow of all infected chickens. In the chronic study (Trial 2), no statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in differential leukocyte counts, PCV, and plasma protein values among treatments. Histopathologic examination of spleen, liver, kidney, and bone marrow did not reveal any difference among treatments.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Proteolytic activity of Mycoplasma salivarium and Mycoplasma orale 1.

Proteolytic activity was found in whole cells and cultural supernatants of Mycoplasma salivarium (PG20 and B isolates) and Mycoplasma orale 1 (CH 19299 and B isolates). Additionally, the activity was examined in cell membrane soluble fractions of PG20 and CH 19299, and detected in them. The level of the activity appeared higher in M. salivarium than M. orale 1. And some differences were found between these mycoplasmas in the affinity for substrates as a result of examination of the activity in cultural supernatants using horse serum, casein and bovine albumin as substrates. That is, PG20 had a higher affinity for horse serum proteins than casein, while CH 19299 the latter than the former, although the lowest affinity for bovine albumin was common to these two strains.

Animals↗