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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Evaluation of a non-invasive respiratory monitoring system for sleeping subjects.

In a previous paper we introduced a non-invasive respiratory monitoring system (NIRMS) for monitoring respiratory movements during sleep. Unlike standard sleep laboratory methods, the NIRMS can be used in frail older adults to describe breathing patterns during sleep that will mark individuals with declining neurological function. The present study evaluates the use of the NIRMS as a respiratory monitor and identifies variables that can reliably detect changes in breathing patterns and the presence of other body movements. Data were obtained from eleven healthy adults (six women, five men) whose body mass indices ranged from 20 to 47 kg m(-2), and whose baseline respiratory rates ranged from 4 to 19 breaths per minute. We evaluated three variables derived from frequency and amplitude measurements of the NIRMS: (1) the interval between breathing cycles (the interbreath interval or IBI); (2) the period between breathing cycles (the interbreath frequency or IBF); and (3) the amplitude of breath cycles (AMP). The frequency of NIRMS waveform deflections correlated highly with the frequency of visually observed chest movements (r = 0.99). Compared with a subject's baseline, a standard deviation of IBI > 3.0 s consistently identified time segments with three or more apnoeic events. The IBF and AMP differentiated respiratory from other body movements. An IBF > 20 cycles/s or an AMP > 0.4 V identified experimentally introduced body movements much more accurately than wrist accelerometry (NIRMS detected 99% of events, kappa = 0.90; WA detected 50%, kappa = 0.70). These findings support the use of the NIRMS in monitoring changes in breathing patterns during sleep, especially in frail and cognitively impaired subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Completeness of ascertainment of prenatal smoking using birth certificates and confidential questionnaires: variations by maternal attributes and infant birth weight. PRAMS Working Group. Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System.

Birth certificate data frequently are used to monitor the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy. The authors used a two-sample capture-recapture method to estimate the completeness of ascertainment of prenatal smoking on birth certificates and on confidential questionnaires in six US states. Completeness of ascertainment was also examined according to maternal attributes and infant birth weight. The samples included white women who delivered a live infant between 1993 and 1995 in one of six states (Alabama, Alaska, Georgia, Maine, South Carolina, or West Virginia) and who responded to a questionnaire mailed to them 2-6 months postpartum as part of the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. State-specific sample sizes ranged from 2,647 to 4,795. The completeness of ascertainment ranged from 70.6% to 82.0% using birth certificates and from 86.2% to 90.3% using confidential questionnaires. In all six states, the birth certificates' completeness of ascertainment varied by maternal education and infant birth weight, and the questionnaires' completeness varied by maternal age. Both birth certificates and questionnaires underestimated the true extent of smoking during pregnancy among these white women. Differential reporting by birth weights recorded on birth certificates would result in an overestimated association between low birth weight and prenatal smoking.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Causes and costs of calf mortality in Colorado beef herds participating in the National Animal Health Monitoring System.

Seventy-three Colorado cow/calf operations were monitored for calf mortality from birth to weaning as part of their participation in the National Animal Health Monitoring System. Producer-observed causes of calf mortality, and the costs associated with these deaths were obtained. The overall calf mortality during the study was 4.5%, with a total associated cost of $237,478. The mean cost per calf death was $216, of which $208 was attributed to the potential value of the calf and an additional $8 was for veterinary, drug, producer's labor, and carcass disposal expenses. The most commonly reported causes of calf mortality were dystocia (17.5%), stillbirth (12.4%), hypothermia (12.2%), diarrhea (11.5%), and respiratory infections (7.6%). These 5 disease conditions accounted for > 60% of all calf deaths. A cause was not determined for 19.7% of the calf deaths. Beef producers and veterinarians have the potential to decrease calf mortality and increase profits in cow/calf operations by implementing management strategies and herd health programs designed to decrease the number of calf deaths caused by these disease conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Decreased morbidity and use of hospital services in English HIV-infected individuals with increased uptake of anti-retroviral therapy 1996-1997. National Prospective Monitoring System Steering Group.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between changing morbidity patterns, the use of hospital services by HIV-infected patients and the uptake of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in England. DESIGN: Prospective serial cross-sectional analyses based on data collected through the National Prospective Monitoring System (NPMS), a multi-centre prospective monitoring system. SETTING: HIV-infected patients seen in 10 clinics, five London and five non-London, during the three semesters, 1 January 1996 to 30 June 1997. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The mean use of hospital services per patient-year, mean new HIV-related opportunistic illnesses per 1000 patient-years and percentage uptake of ART. RESULTS: The use of inpatient services changed particularly among AIDS patients. The mean number of inpatient days for AIDS patients decreased from 19.7 [95% confidence interval (CI) 13.7-25.7] in 1996 to 11.2 (95% CI 6.1-15.6) per patient-year in 1997. Concurrently the number of new AIDS-defining events decreased significantly from 567 (95% CI 529-607) to 203 (95% CI 183-225) per 1000 patient-years. The overall uptake of ART increased significantly from 33% (95% CI 31-35%) to 50% (95% CI 48-52%), and a switch from mono or dual to triple therapy or quadruple or more therapy was observed. However, by mid-1997 only 29% (95% CI 26-32%) of asymptomatic patients and 51% (95% CI 49-54%) of patients with symptomatic non-AIDS were on ART, compared with 69% (95% CI 66-71%) of AIDS patients. CONCLUSION: The observed reduction in new AIDS-defining events has led to a reduction in the need for inpatient hospital care and has been associated with an increased uptake of ART, including a switch to triple therapy. All of these factors are likely to have contributed to the observed reduction in mortality among English AIDS patients. As the overall uptake of ART remained relatively low in English centres further improvements can be anticipated. However, the medium to long-term effects of these treatment regimens will need to be closely monitored.

Anti-HIV Agents↗
PubMed1987

A process and considerations for activating a quality/productivity monitoring system.

In response to demands for cost containment in operational areas without subsequent declines in quality, many hospitals are implementing quality and productivity monitoring systems. This article describes the process used by St. Elizabeth Hospital Medical Center (SEHMC), Youngstown, Ohio, to determine that it would use an outside consultant, select a consultant, negotiate the contract and implement the program. The article offers practical advice for other hospitals considering using outside services for developing quality/productivity monitoring systems as well as other projects.

Competitive Bidding↗
PubMed1999

A new continuous monitoring system for simultaneous measurements of intracellular calcium and either endothelial permeability or leukocyte extravasation.

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: We have developed a continuous monitoring system that will quantify lymphocyte extravasation or intercellular permeability with intracellular calcium measurements in a single preparation. MATERIALS: Human microvascular endothelial cells, human lymphocytes and histamine. TREATMENT: Endothelial barrier function and intracellular calcium were examined upon application of either human lymphocytes (1 x 10(5) cells/ml) or histamine (1 microM). METHODS: Endothelial cells labeled with FURA-2 were examined for both changes in endothelial barrier function and mobilization of intracellular calcium using fluorescence spectroscopy and ratio imaging, respectively. RESULTS: Increases in endothelial intracellular calcium occur in the first minute and are followed by increases in endothelial intercellular permeability to albumin (5-7 min) or lymphocytes (15-20 min). Approximately 60 min following calcium mobilization, there was a second and larger extravasation. CONCLUSION: The continuous monitoring system expands our understanding of the time course of the permeability and extravasation events to mobilization of endothelial intracellular calcium.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Clinical assessment of a continuous intraarterial blood gas monitoring system.

We evaluated the clinical performance of a continuous intraarterial blood gas monitoring (CIABG) system which includes a fluorometric intravascular sensor. Seventeen patients undergoing elective surgery were monitored perioperatively with the CIABG system (PB3300; Puritan Bennett, Carlsbad, CA). Conventional laboratory blood gas analyses (BGA) were performed simultaneously whenever indicated, and the values were compared with those obtained from the CIABG system. Monitoring time ranged from 24 to 72 hr. The biases (average error between PB3300 and BGA) of pH, PCO2 and PO2 were 0.003 pH unit, -2.8 mmHg, and 0.9 mmHg in the operating room (OR), and 0.005 pH unit, 3.9 mmHg, and 8.5 mmHg in the intensive care unit (ICU), respectively. The precision (standard deviation of the bias) of pH, PCO2 and PO2 were 0.030 pH unit, 2.1 mmHg, and 29.9 mmHg in the OR and 0.035 pH unit, 3.8 mmHg, and 14.7 mmHg in the ICU, respectively. Although the PB3300 system was clinically useful as a trend monitor, the system's precision and reliability were unacceptable for estimation of true blood gas values.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

An automated seizure monitoring system for patients with indwelling recording electrodes.

An automated monitoring system has been developed to record from indwelling electrode arrays in patients undergoing evaluation for surgical treatment of intractable seizures. The functional aspects of this system's design are discussed and the range of electrical seizure patterns, other epileptiform events and artifacts that the system must handle are described. The system includes a flowing graphics image of as many as 32 channels of real-time ECoG, automatic seizure detection, recording of the ECoG for up to 6 min prior to seizure onset, and EEG for 792 clinical and subclinical seizures during 1578 h of monitoring with an artifact rate of 28% for all events recorded. However, system performance was judged upon the 86% accuracy for detection and recording of patient-specific seizure patterns (multiple seizures with the same pattern counted as 1) with 1.26 brief spike bursts and 0.67 artifacts/h.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Postpartum contraception: the New Mexico Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System.

OBJECTIVE: To examine factors associated with postpartum contraception, including the relationship between ethnicity and postpartum contraceptive use. METHODS: We used data from the New Mexico Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, which monitors selected maternal events occurring before, during and after pregnancy. RESULTS: Our findings in 4096 women revealed that women who are aged >or=35 years, unmarried and lacking a postpartum visit have increased risk of no postpartum contraception. The odds of postpartum contraception were over three times greater in women with a postpartum visit [adjusted odds ratio (OR)=3.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.17-4.31) and over 50% greater in married women (adjusted OR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.16-2.11). Hispanic women were more likely than were Native Americans to use postpartum contraception (OR=1.25, 95% CI: 0.95-1.64). CONCLUSION: Focused contraception counseling, especially in the postpartum setting, is important to help ensure the well-being of women and children.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

California National Animal Health Monitoring System for meat turkey flocks-1988-89 pilot study: management practices, flock health, and production.

A pilot project for a meat turkey National Animal Health Monitoring System was undertaken in California in 1988-89 to explore data gathering techniques and to estimate the frequency, magnitude, and variability of management, flock health (including administration of pharmaceuticals for prevention and treatment of disease), and production variables in order to facilitate planning for future food animal monitoring systems. Enteritis, which occurred in over one-third of the flocks, and colibacillosis, which occurred in nearly one-quarter of flocks, were the most common diseases reported. Mycoplasma synoviae was reported in two flocks and Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma meleagridis each were reported in one flock. Total mortality rate in the sample flocks was 9.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.2%-9.8%). The tom-specific mortality rate was 10.9% (95% CI 9.8%-12.1%) and the hen-specific mortality rate was 6.6% (95% CI 5.7%-7.4%).

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Clinical use of central electronic monitoring system].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of central electronic monitoring system (CEMS). METHODS: A total of 1,216 patients with > or = 37 weeks of gestation assigned as monitoring group, were performed central electronic monitoring during labor from Nov. 1997 to Mar. 1998. A total of 1,137 patients with same gestational age assigned as control group, were monitored by using intermittent auscultation during labor from Nov. 1996 to Mar. 1997. The rate of fetal distress, neonatal asphyxia, cesarean section, and using of forceps or vacuum extractor in the 2 groups were compared. RESULTS: Patients in the monitoring group had a higher fetal distress rate (12.8%) than that of the control group (9.8%, P < 0.05), but a significantly lower neonatal asphyxia rate (2.3%) than that of the control group (4.8%, P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the overall cesarean rate, cesarean rate for fetal distress, overall use rate of forceps or vacuum extractor delivery, and vaginal operative delivery rate for suspected fetal distress between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Quality for obstetric care was significantly improved by application of central electronic monitoring for labor management, it didn't increase the cesarean section rate and vaginal operative delivery rate, but decreased the neonatal asphyxia rate.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of a continuous glucose monitoring system for use in veterinary medicine.

BACKGROUND: With the emergence of continuous glucose monitoring systems being used to provide a detailed glucose picture in humans, a commercially available system (CGMS(R), Medtronic Minimed, Northridge, CA) was examined for use in veterinary species. METHODS: Adult, clinically normal horses (n = 7), cats (n = 3), dogs (n = 4), and cows (n = 5) were studied. Cats (n = 4), dogs (n = 5), and one horse with diabetes were included in the study. Several of the normal horses, including the horse with diabetes, and one cow were subjected to an intravenous glucose tolerance test. The CGMS was attached to each animal, and the recorded interstitial glucose concentrations were compared with whole blood glucose concentrations as determined by a point-of-care glucose meter. Events such as insulin administration, feeding, travel, or administration of intravenous glucose were all noted and compared with results from the CGMS. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between interstitial and whole blood glucose concentrations for all the clinically normal species, those with diabetes mellitus, and those receiving intravenous glucose. Events such as feeding, glucose or insulin administration, and transport to the clinic were noted by the owner or clinician and could be identified on the graph and correlated with time of occurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that the use of the CGMS is valid for use in the species examined. Use of this system alleviated the need for multiple blood samples and the stress associated with obtaining those samples. This system may provide greater monitoring capabilities in patients with diabetes and promote the diagnostic and research potential of serial glucose monitoring in veterinary species.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Design and development of a radioactive gas monitoring system in the positron emission tomography center.

This paper presents experiences in developing a simple, inexpensive radioactive gas monitoring system that proved to be practical and useful at a clinical and research Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center. The system is described from four key aspects: (1) design of radiation detectors and calibrations; (2) use of an existing PC-based hospital-wide facility management network; (3) placement and oversight of real-time PC monitor stations; and (4) modification of a ventilation system in the PET center. The radiation safety oversight efficacy of a real-time PC-based radioactive gas monitoring system in the academic PET center also is discussed.

Calibration↗
PubMed2000

A comparison of visual analyses of intrapartum fetal heart rate tracings according to the new national institute of child health and human development guidelines with computer analyses by an automated fetal heart rate monitoring system.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the visual analyses of fetal heart rate tracings by observers according to recent National Institute of Child Health and Human Development interpretative guidelines both with each other and with those of a computerized fetal heart rate analysis and alerting system. STUDY DESIGN: One-hour sections of intrapartum fetal heart rate records were analyzed by a computerized monitoring system (Hewlett-Packard TraceVue; HP GmbH, Böblingen, Germany) and by 4 observers (a registered obstetric nurse, a certified nurse-midwife, an obstetrics resident physician, and a physician maternal-fetal medicine faculty member) instructed to use the new National Institute of Child Health and Human Development guidelines. We compared specific alerts, baseline rates, frequencies of accelerations and decelerations, and signal quality assessments generated by the TraceVue system and the observers. Power analysis indicated that 50 tracings were required to detect interobserver and observer-computer agreement levels of 80% +/- 10%. Statistical comparisons used kappa coefficient, chi(2) test, and analysis of variance with repeated measures as appropriate. RESULTS: Levels of agreement between observer pairs and the computer did not vary significantly across successive 10-minute intervals. Overall levels of interobserver agreement for baseline rate, tracing quality assessment, frequencies of accelerations and decelerations, and alerts ranged from 45% to 99% and were highest for baseline rate and signal loss and lowest for acceleration and deceleration counts. Interobserver agreement for alerts was relatively high (range, 72%-84%), with virtually no difference between any of the observers and the computer (range, 76.9%-79.2%; kappa = 0.25). CONCLUSION: Use of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development guidelines for visual fetal heart rate interpretation did not increase agreements on most fetal heart rate features beyond those expected by chance or noted in previous reports. These guidelines did appear to blunt some interpretive differences, possibly as a result of observer background. Although levels of agreement on fetal heart rate features differed, agreements on clinical alerts were similar among all observers and a computerized fetal heart rate monitoring system. Computer analysis of fetal heart rate tracings could eliminate interobserver variation that results from visual analysis and could produce more consistent clinical responses to normal and abnormal fetal heart rate patterns.

Automation↗
PubMed2002

A health monitoring system for elderly people living alone.

We have developed a health monitoring system for elderly people living alone. We monitored the in-house movements of eight subjects (average age 81 years) by placing infrared sensors in each room of their homes. Because their movements were unrestricted, monitoring could last longer than other forms of monitoring. Continuous monitoring was performed for 80 months in total. We found that each subject had a specific pattern of movements. We estimated their health condition by comparing the duration of stays in specific rooms, such as the lavatory, with previously recorded data. If after analysis an unusual state was detected, we informed the family of the incident. Final decisions should be made by the family members, not automatically by computer software. For example, after contacting the subject or a neighbour by telephone, family members could call for an ambulance or arrange a visit by a doctor or home help. Thus, this system reduced anxiety for both the elderly subjects living alone and their family members.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[A design of the circuit of a monitoring system for respiratory mechanical parameters].

The circuit of a monitoring system for respiratory mechanical parameters is designed based on the detection of respiratory flow and pressure. Breaking through the restrictions of traditional methods that can only monitor respiratory rate, this design is able to monitor more than 10 respiratory parameters simultaneously and thus provides a good technical support for improving the properties of homemade monitors.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1999

[Successful management of a patient with pulmonary arteriovenous fistula using a continuous intra-arterial blood gas monitoring system].

We successfully anesthetized a patient with pulmonary arteriovenous fistula who received partial pulmonary resection and pulmonary arteriovenous plastic operation under one lung ventilation anesthesia, using a continuous intra-arterial blood gas monitoring system. During anesthesia including one lung ventilation, the patient did not experience any fatal hypoxemia. The continuous intra-arterial blood gas monitoring system was useful in a patient with pulmonary arteriovenous fistula under one lung ventilation anesthesia.

Adult↗