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PubMed1954

An enzymatic locus participating in cellular division of a yeast.

Growing cells of a filamentous mutant of a yeast, Candida albicans, were found to accumulate and reduce tetrazolium dyes whereas cells of the parent strain, growing as a normally budding yeast, accumulated the dye but did not reduce it. In older cultures, in which rapidly metabolizable carbohydrate has been depleted, the parent strain characteristically produces filaments. These cells, growing in the absence of cellular division, also exhibit tetrazolium reduction. The filamentous mutant synthesizes cell mass at a rate almost equal to that of the parent strain and is not distinguished therefrom in fermentation ability, nutritional requirements for growth, rate of endogenous respiration, or polysaccharide composition. These facts, in conjunction with the striking differences in tetrazolium reduction, lead to the conclusion that the morphological mutant has an impairment to a cellular oxidation mechanism at a flavoprotein locus. This locus is, then, the site at which a reaction essential for cellular division, is coupled via an oxidation-reduction to cellular metabolism. Preliminary evidence is presented providing good indication that uncoupling of cellular division (by genetic block) in the mutant or in the parent (by substrate exhaustion) results from impairment to a dissociable metal chelate mechanism which normally couples a reaction essential to cellular division to flavoprotein oxidation.

Candida↗
PubMed1958

Respiratory metabolism of normal and divisionless strains of Candida albicans.

Respiration of a normal strain of Candida albicans was compared with that of a divisionless mutant which has a biochemical lesion such that metabolically generated hydrogen "spills over," during growth, for non-specific dye reduction. This waste is not at expense of growth, since both strains grow at essentially similar rates, nor at expense of respiration, since the mutant reduces oxygen more rapidly than the normal strain. Respiration in both strains is qualitatively similar, and seemingly unique among highly aerobic organisms in that it is not mediated by cytochrome oxidase. In resting cells of both strains, respiration is not only resistant to, but markedly stimulated by, high concentrations of cyanide, carbon monoxide, and azide. In contrast, growth of these yeasts is inhibited by low concentrations of cyanide and azide. Cytochrome oxidase could not be detected in cell-free preparations; reduced cytochrome c was not oxidized by such preparations. Cytochrome bands could not be observed in thick cell suspensions treated with reducing agents. However, incorporation of superoptimal levels of zinc and iron into the culture medium resulted in growth of cells possessing distinct cytochrome bands; respiration of these cells remained insensitive to cyanide, monoxide, and azide, and the bands were maintained in a reduced form on oxygenation. In the divisionless yeast, tetrazolium dyes compete with oxygen for reduction; this is not the case in the normal strain. The firmness with which hydrogen transfer is channeled in the latter for reduction of disulfide bonds (of importance in the division mechanism) and of oxygen, is contrasted with the lack of such control in the mutant.

Candida↗