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209 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Reaginic sensitivity to Mus musculus extract in a group of Chicago urban asthmatics.

Thirty-nine out of 103 urban asthmatics reacted on prick test to rodent hair extract (MME). One out of 68 and one out of 50 reacted among suburban asthmatics and normal controls, respectively. Ten skin-test reactive and three non-reactive urban asthmatics underwent bronchial provocative challenge tests (BPT). Results were significant at p less than 0.001. Twenty-one out of 26 skin-reactive and one out of 25 skin non-reactive asthmatics had specific IgE antibody, p less than 0.001. These data suggest that rodent hair might be a relevant allergen in some urban asthmatics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Neurocristopathies of the human nasofrontal bud. Ethmoidal syndromes (hypo- and hyper-septoethmoidism) (author's transl)].

Knowledge of human brain development biology has increased rapidly over the last decade due to fundamental acquisitions in the fields of organogenesis, fetal development, and post-natal growth. The role of the neural crests during cephalic organogenesis, recently studied by Mme Nicole Le Douarin, has given new biological dimensions to the head : it is an organic complex, globally neural in character, and of encephalofacial territorialization. The cervicocephalic region derives this original segmentation from the migratory property of this contingent of the neural crests. In this perspective, the nasofrontal bud is therefore an embryonic cephalic segment, in which appears the pro-encephalon, the eyes, the olfactory bulb, and the median facial zones (bone, cartilage, teeth). Any morphogenetic anomaly in this original craniofacial segment creates associated malformation of the brain, the base of the skull, and the face (eyes and olfactory bulbs) : the neurocristopathies. In this respect, and from the semiological point of view, the face is the "predicate" of the brain. A new classification of these malformations is proposed, based on the clinical study of the ethmoid, a cartilaginous median organ which is accessible clinically. Epigenesis lasts for 18 months in this organ, which forms a part of the face and the neurocranium, and which is known to play a "motor" morphogenetic role on the osteomembranous face : the ethmoidal syndromes (hypo- and hyper-septoethmoidism). Future reports will discuss the neurocristopathies of the branchial arches.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1995

[Sentinel networks. The national public health network. State information].

In the area of health, the information system used by the authorities is based on a series of networks that need to be coordinated. 1. State information: State information as regards health epidemiology was for a long time fragmented. The reasons for this relative ignorance are varied, and are based both on professional and technical factors (preference of physicians for personal exchange rather than for statistical analysis, difficulties in data collection and mathematical processing), and on socio-political factors (the euphoria of years of economic growth). For a long time only the causes of death were appropriately documented (cf. Mme Facy's report). In the last decade, a variety of initiatives has been directed towards all fields, and morbidity is becoming better defined thanks to the ORS (Regional Health Observatories) (cf. M. Garro's speech) and health registers (cf. M. Schaffer). Warning systems are becoming a principal preoccupation for most people in positions of authority, and explain the proliferation of surveillance networks. 2. Sentinel networks: A 'sentinel network' is an interactive surveillance system involving the collection of health data on a routine basis by a group of doctors (general physicians, biologists, etc.). Initially conceived for the surveillance of communicable diseases, they are also used for all diseases requiring early warning and rapid intervention (effects of sudden pollution, surveillance of drugs and poisons, etc.). These sentinel networks have expanded in our countries to complement the compulsory notification systems for infectious diseases, whose 'passive' nature often leads to under-notification (and therefore a non-representative selection) and delayed notification of cases, and whose range of influence does not cover all communicable diseases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Community Networks↗
PubMed1995

["Snow" and "Walpurgisnacht". Hans Castorp's exemplary maturation crises in "Zauberberg"].

On the occasion of a rather incidental visit in the sanatorium "Berghof" at Davos, Hans Castorp, the--as to his primary personality--asthenic and low-profile protagonist of the "Zauberberg" is gradually getting caught up in the maelstrom of the there prevailing timelessness and irresponsibility, this being interrupted solely by two tapering to crisis episodes: his amouressness to Mme. Chauchat as an erotic crisis and by the visionary daydream during a snowstorm about the abilities of men as a cognitive, mental crisis. Both events are triggered by a pathoid irritability, following the maxim of Th. Mann that illness, decay and death as borderline experiences may be the presupposition for cognition and reversal. Both crises end without consequences--the "Zauberberg" is the negation of the novel of education and development in the narrower sense. The unsuccessfulness and undecidedness of Hans Castorp's existence culminate in the open end of the novel, regarding his surviving on the battle field, and is in strict contrast to Adrian Leverkühn's determined autoinfection with Lues with the aim of artistic perfection and the creative break-through of "Doctor Faustus". Hans Castorp's regression and self-fragmentation within the decadent-morbid atmosphere of the sanatorium lead to his storming into the battles of the First World War as a last and existential crisis; it is here where finally the individual and national fate are merging. Hans Castorp becomes the paradigma of the German pre-war bourgeoisie and its crisis-prone development.

Germany↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of cytokines on tumour cell-endothelial interactions.

The adherence of tumour cells to microvascular endothelium is believed to be a necessary step in their migration to sites of metastasis. It has been proposed that this process occurs when cell surface molecules on tumour cells bind to complementary sites on endothelial cells. The expression of these endothelial-derived cell adhesion molecules appears to be modulated by cytokines, a broad class of protein mediators which play important roles in immune and inflammatory reactions. It has been found by ourselves and others that exposure of endothelium to some cytokines augments the adhesion of inflammatory cells as well as tumour cells in in vitro assays. We used a murine model consisting of P815 mastocytoma cells and microvascular endothelium and found that pretreatment of endothelial monolayers with TNF-alpha, IL-1, LPS or PMA augmented the number of tumour cells that attach in a dose-dependent fashion. FACS analysis showed that the change in binding was due to an increase in the expression of VCAM-1 on the surface of the endothelial cell. Methylxanthines (caffeine and theophylline) as well as "classical" calcium-mobilizing agents (ionomycin and thapsigargin) inhibited the expression of VCAM-1 in MME. We also studied the possible mechanisms of TNF-alpha signal transduction in endothelial cells. We examined the involvement of protein kinases in the TNF-alpha effect. Although we found that inhibitors of PKC could inhibit the TNF-alpha effect, our studies suggest that the "classical" PKC pathway is not completely responsible for signaling since TNF-alpha did not cause translocation of PKC to the cell membrane and its effect could not be completely mimicked by PMA. We also studied the effect of TGF-beta on the binding of tumour cells to endothelium. Exposure of endothelium to TGF-beta led to the inhibition of both basal and TNF-alpha enhanced binding of P815 cells. Inhibitors of G-proteins do not abolish TGF-beta action, and PKC and PKA activators elicit an opposite effect. However, TGF-beta-mediated inhibition of both basal binding and TNF-alpha-enhanced P815 binding to endothelium is completely abolished in the presence of the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid suggesting that TGF-beta elicits its effect by stimulating protein phosphatase activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Impact of the Friend of Child and Mother hospital program in a hospital in the Mexican Institute of Social Security].

Breast feeding frequency in our country is between 13 and 80% and it is diminishing. One of the purposes of the Program called Hospital Friend of the Child and the Mother is to favor breast feeding but this has not been evaluated as yet. Frequency of breast feeding among the mothers who received the program, and the ones without it, in the influence area of HGZ 1-A; and the ones factors that could influenced for breast feeding. An analytic transversal study, was carried out, in mothers with a child between 6 and 12 months of age who assisted to the Outpatient consultation at HGZ 1-A and MME 10, 15 and 43, during the study period. The were invited to participate to have an interview, to know the mother's age, civil status, socioeconomical level, schooling and amount of sons. The place where her last delivery took place, was asked for. It was asked if breast feeding took place during the adequate time; the causes for not do it, and other points about breast feeding. The questionnaire in a first phase was prepared in order to be easily understood at the time of its application, and it was carried out by only one person. At the time of interview it was not known if the mother had used breast feeding or not. The amount in the sample was 261 mothers. The statistical analysis was of a descriptive type, for comparison of averages; it was used for comparison of square chi and calculations of reason of momios with IC at 95%. Two hundred and sixty two mothers were interviewed. The interview was done in 211/262, (80.5%) in the UMF and the rest at HGZ. Average age 26 years, 78.6% were married; average schooling, 8 years (74; good socioeconomical level, 70%, home labor. Amount of children was 1 to 6, 48% had only one child; average age of the last child at the time of interview, 11 moths. The resolution of the last pregnancy occurred in 73% of the cases in a IMSS hospital; 15.3% in a private hospital, and the rest in another institution. The program was given, more frequently at the IMSS, than in the rest 232/262; (88%) were breast fed. Average of time of breast feeding, 9 moths. There were no difference of sociodemographic variables in the group with breast feeding, and the one without breast feeding. The common causes (75%) for no breast feeding, were of maternal origin (infections, lack of milk production, work, etc.); the rest mentioned rejection to breast feeding. There was a better knowledge of breast feeding among the mothers who used it. The factors statistically associated to breast feeding were: conjoint lodging; to offer breast during the first hour of life; and have received information about this Program. The Program in the influence area of HGZ 1-A favors breast feeding. The factors for this were: improvement of mother-Child relation and the better knowledge of the advantages of breast feeding.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

A child at all costs: posthumous reproduction and the meaning of parenthood.

The creation of babies by assisted and collaborative techniques of reproduction, such as in-vitro fertilization or cryopreservation of gametes and embryos, stimulates strong emotions and fantasies about life, death, sexuality and immortality. Particularly, the cryopreservation of spermatozoa for post-mortem reproduction forces us to come to terms with the meaning of human reproduction, and the extent of individual rights to procreate using artificial means.

Cryopreservation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The history of cold hardiness research in terrestrial arthropods.

R.A.F. Reaumur in 1736 was the first entomologist to observe that some insects can tolerate freezing, while others cannot. The first reviews on insect cold hardiness were published by P. Bachmetjew who also discovered supercooling in insects. Authors like W. Robinson realised that piercing the cuticle changed the supercooling capacity and N.M. Payne pointed out that there are great seasonal variations in insect cold hardiness. In the early literature, references were frequently made to plant cold hardiness, in which theories on tolerance to freezing were more elaborated. A modern approach to the studies of insect cold hardiness was initiated by R.W. Salt. The number of reports increased enormously in the 1960's and 1970's. During the last 20 to 30 years new insight has appeared from studies on ice nucleators, antifreeze proteins, ice-nucleating bacteria, desiccation and biochemistry of cryoprotectants.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

THE PHYSICIAN IN COURT: A VIEW FROM THE BENCH.

Only lawyers and judges-and not even all of them-look forward to being in court. For the physician it is usually not an experience sought or savoured. Yet some physicians are in court more frequently than some lawyers because they are expert witnesses or because they have treated a person who is before the court in a civil or criminal case. There is also the physician who is sued and is thus a defendant. I believe it important that physicians know the basic ingredients of a civil action. I will be drawing on my experience as a trial judge for eight years and an Alberta Court of Appeal judge for five, and as a former professor in the faculties of law and medicine at the University of Alberta, to present the perspective from the bench on civil non-jury actions.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

[Cerebral mechanisms of hypnosis].

The neural mechanisms underlying hypnosis and especially the modulation of pain perception by hypnosis remain obscure. Using PET we first described the distribution of regional cerebral blood flow during the hypnotic state. Hypnosis relied on revivification of pleasant autobiographical memories and was compared to imaging autobiographical material in < >. The hypnotic state was related to the activation of a widespread set of cortical areas involving occipital, parietal, precentral, premotor, and ventrolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices. This pattern of activation shares some similarities with mental imagery, from which it mainly differs by the relative deactivation of precuneus. Second, we looked at the anti-nociceptive effects of hypnosis. Compared to the resting state, hypnosis reduced pain perception by approximately 50 %. The hypnosis-induced reduction of affective and sensory responses to noxious thermal stimulation were modulated by the activity in the midcingulate cortex (area 24a'). Finally, we assessed changes in cerebral functional connectivity related to hypnosis. Compared normal alertness (i.e., rest and mental imagery), the hypnotic state, significantly enhanced the functional to modulation between midcingulate cortex and a large neural network involved in sensory, affective, cognitive and behavioral aspects of nociception. These findings show that not only pharmacological but also psychological strategies for pain control can modulate the cerebral network involved in noxious perception.

Brain↗