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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Effects of traverse length on human perioral directional sensitivity.

The capacity of 8 neurologically healthy adults to distinguish direction of motion on the skin overlying the mental foramen was determined. The velocity, orientation, and the length and width of skin traversed by the moving tactile stimuli were precisely controlled. Directional sensitivity, d', was found to depend on both stimulus velocity and the length of skin traversed. Since the relationship between d' and velocity at each traverse length was well described by a generalized gamma function, it was possible to quantitatively characterize the effects of changes in traverse length on the relationship between d' and velocity. Specifically, peak (i.e., maximal) directional sensitivity increased as the length of skin traversed was increased, yet the velocity which resulted in peak directional sensitivity (i.e., the optimal or model velocity) remained invariant over the range of traverse lengths investigated (0.35-1.0 cm). The effect of stimulus velocity on directional sensitivity was least at the longest traverse lengths used. The generalized gamma function model fit the relationship between directional sensitivity and velocity equally well at all traverse lengths studied. The results lead us to anticipate that stimuli of the type used in this study should prove valuable for the detection and quantification of disturbances in orofacial tactile spatiotemporal integration in patients with peripheral nerve injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The appearance of mental foramina on panoramic and periapical radiographs. II. Experimental evaluation.

The image of the mental foramen was studied on panoramic and periapical radiographs taken on four dry skulls with a variety of vertical and horizontal angulations, skull positions, and exposure times. It was found that any change in exposure conditions affected both the type of appearance (continuous, separated, diffuse, or unidentified) and the relative vertical position of the foramen. The radiographic position agreed with the actual position less than half the time regardless of technique, although the apparent diameter of the foramen was close to the true diameter.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Carcinoma of the lower lip with perineural extension to the middle cranial fossa.

An 81-year-old man had left labial paresthesia and a palpable mass adjacent to the left mental foramen 6 months after apparent adequate excision of a small (1.5 cm) primary squamous cell carcinoma of the left portion of the lower lip. Biopsy and clinical evaluation revealed recurrent squamous cell carcinoma. Subsequent left hemimandibulectomy confirmed perineural extension of tumor along the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve to the foramen ovale. Seven months later, the patient died of complications resulting from intracranial extension of tumor to the left cerebellopontine angle. This case illustrates the lethal potential of carcinoma of the lip due to contiguous perineural extension, even with a small primary tumor and absence of regional lymph node metastases.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Congenital dermoid fistula of the lower lip.

A case of congenital dermoid fistula of the lower lip is presented. The lesion consisted of a major cystic portion, a proximal tubelike extension that opened in the lower lip as a small sinus (pit) near the left commissure, and a distal cordlike extension that entered into the left mental foramen. The cystic cavity was lined with keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium, and many sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and hair follicles were seen subcutaneously. The differential diagnosis and the pathogenesis of the lesion are also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Intentional replantation of endodontically treated teeth.

This article reports 31 cases of intentional replantation with an overall success rate of 80.6% with six recorded failures. Survival times varied from 1 day to 22 years. A second mandibular molar that failed after 3 weeks was replanted successfully a second time with no signs of failure after a 46-month follow-up period. Two cases of intentional replantation of deciduous molars are also reported. We suggest that intentional replantation reduces adverse outcomes and should be considered as another treatment modality and not as a procedure of last resort. This procedure is recommended as the treatment of choice in the following instances: for lower second molars, for single-rooted teeth, and lower first molars when there is difficulty in accessibility to perform apical surgery; when the mental foramen is superimposed over the apex of the premolars; when the molar apex is in proximity to the mandibular canal; when patients object to periradicular surgery; when failures occur after apical surgery, or when surgery would create a periodontal pocket as a result of extensive bone removal. Periradicular surgery with a retroseal is more advantageous for first molars when roots are more curved, widespread, and are more prone to fracture compared with second molars whose roots are more tapered and close together.

Contraindications↗
PubMed1993

Location of the mandibular canal within the atrophic mandible.

In 43 edentulous, lower jaw halves, sections were carried out in the area between the mental foramen and the third molar. The relative changes in the location and course of the mandibular canal which are caused by atrophy were analysed. For this purpose, the mandibles were classified according to so-called residual ridge orders which describe the different stages of alveolar ridge resorption. The following findings were obtained: The distance between the mandibular canal and the lingual and buccal external border does not change in any stage of the atrophic process, i.e. it remains conspicuously constant. However, the distance between the mandibular canal and the cranial and caudal borders of the body of the mandible partly changes to a statistically highly-significant extent, the distance between the canal and the atrophic alveolar ridge being affected more strongly than that between the canal and the base of the mandible. These changes were most clearly pronounced in the area of the first molar.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Clinical bone densitometric study of mandibular atrophy using dental panoramic tomography.

Using the dental panoramic tomogram (DPT) and a nickel stepwedge, the prevalence of mandibular osteoporosis in 99 elderly, edentulous individuals was investigated densitometrically. A site was chosen on each DPT adjacent to the mandibular mental foramen and the optical density measured using a digital densitometer. Each DPT was then independently examined by a radiologist and the patients grouped into those exhibiting osteoporosis and those not. Twenty-seven of the patients exhibited qualitative evidence of osteoporosis on the DPT, using established radiological criteria. A large majority of this group was female (25 individuals, 93 per cent). Of the remaining 72 non-osteoporotic patients, only 32 (44 per cent) were female. There was a significant difference in the quantitative, densitometrically derived measurements of mandibular bone density between the osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic groups. The osteoporotic group had a mean optical density at the mandibular measurement site (mean D = -0.773, s.d. = 0.2) which was significantly different from that of the non-osteoporotic group (mean D = -0.888, s.d. = 0.21), t = 2.432, P less than 0.02. This previously diagnosed difference supports the validity of the densitometric technique. When all 99 patients were studied, the difference between the mean mandibular, equivalent nickel thickness of the males and females was significant (t = 2.32, P = 0.022). This sex difference could not be entirely accounted for by differences in the period of edentulousness or age of males and females.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Jaw protruder muscles and condylar cartilage growth in the rat.

Many studies have explored the role of the protrusive musculature in promoting growth at the condylar cartilage and the overall lengthening of the lower jaw, with emphasis on the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM). The largely anteroposterior orientation of the superficial part of the masseter muscle (SM) in the rat suggests that it may also function as a protruder of the lower jaw. Accordingly, it is possible that the action of the SM may play a part in the regulation of growth of the condylar cartilage and the lower jaw. To examine this hypothesis, bilateral resection of the superficial portion of the masseter muscle was performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats at 26 days of age. At 5 days after surgery, [3H]-thymidine incorporation in the condylar cartilage was increased (F = 6.93, p less than or equal to 0.01) in the SM myectomy group relative to the surgical control and unoperated control groups. However, by 20 days after surgery no differences were present. At this sacrifice interval, lower jaw dimensions relating to areas of muscle attachment, as well as ramus height, were significantly reduced in the SM myectomy group, but overall jaw length (mental foramen to condyle) was unaffected. In contrast, myotomy of the LPM resulted in a significant decrease in mitotic activity of the cartilage 4 days after surgery. This decrease was present, but not more pronounced, in animals subjected to both SM myectomy and LPM myotomy. Hence, myotomy or myectomy of these two muscles, each with a protrusive orientation, produces opposite effects on proliferative activity at the condylar cartilage.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Midline versus paramidline mandibulotomy: a radiological study.

Mandibulotomy allows for wide exposure of deep oral cavity and oropharyngeal tumors and may be performed medial or lateral to the mental foramen. Medial mandibulotomy is divided into midline and paramidline. Midline mandibulotomy requires detachment of muscles which may lead to masticatory and swallowing problems and could potentially jeopardize the central incisors. Our study provides a basis for placement of bone cuts in mandibulotomy. The angles between the long axis of the two central incisors, the lateral incisor and canine bilaterally were measured in panoramic radiographs of 100 healthy patients. The distances between the roots were measured. The angle between the lateral incisor and the canine ranged from 1 degrees to 8 degrees compared to 1 degrees -4 degrees (P<0.001) between the central incisors. The distances between the lateral incisor and the canine were 1-6.2mm while the distances between the two central incisors ranged from 0.5 to 4.7mm (P<0.05). Although the measurements were taken from a younger group of patients compared to the usual age of presentation of oropharyngeal cancer, it shows that the paramidline mandibulotomy in which bony cuts are performed through a wider gap is the preferred approach.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Orbital wall reconstruction with bone grafts from the outer cortex of the mandible.

AIM: The purpose of the study was to assess the efficacy of bone grafting from the mandibular outer cortex for reconstructing the orbital walls. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bone grafting was performed in 75 patients. The site the transplants were harvested from were: A: mental region, B: area posterior to the mental foramen, C: ramus region. In order to obtain the appropriate curvature for the orbital floor, proper selection of the donor area is required. The bony defect size was confirmed pre-operatively from 3D-CT data. Bone, characteristically 2-3 mm thick, was harvested from each area and grafted into the blow-out fractures. RESULTS: Out of the 75 patients 13 cases underwent reconstruction using mandibular outer cortex bone from area A, 8 from area B, and 54 from area C. The maximum size available for harvest from area C was 7 x 4 cm; material from this area could also be used for the repair of both medial and inferior orbital wall defects if necessary. CONCLUSION: Bone harvest from the mandible affords several advantages including (1) ease of harvest, (2) ease of trimming, (3) appropriate size and curvature, (4) absence of functional disability, (5) no secondary deformity, (6) no visible scars, (7) post-operative immobilization not necessary, (8) absence of post-operative difficulties with respect to breathing and walking and (9) major complications are rare.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Definitive surgical correction of the deformity resulting from hemimandibular hyperplasia.

INTRODUCTION: The asymmetric deformity of the mandible resulting from the rare condition of hemimandibular hyperplasia has posed a challenge for aesthetic surgical correction. The literature relating to this condition is reviewed and the results of treatment in a series of patients described. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A series of treated patients is reviewed and the results of surgery illustrated and discussed. A maxillary Le Fort I osteotomy is first performed where levelling of the occlusal plane is required. The mandibular surgical technique commences with an extended sagittal ramus osteotomy with dissection of the inferior dental neurovascular bundle completely free of the mandible up to and including the mental foramen. The proximal fragment is then rotated cranially leaving undisturbed the soft tissue attachments at the inferior border, with corresponding bone reduction at the upper border. The inferior border of the distal fragment is then reduced to match the new position of the lower border of the proximal fragment, the neurovascular bundle repositioned, and rigid fixation applied. Finally, a straightening genioplasty is performed. RESULTS: It was possible to overcome the technical and anatomical difficulties associated with correction of this hemimandibular deformity and to achieve a good aesthetic result with acceptable facial symmetry when applying this surgical technique in 3 patients. CONCLUSION: Hemimandibular hyperplasia can be surgically corrected with good aesthetic and functional results and minimal morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

A Neandertal mandible from the Cova del Gegant (Sitges, Barcelona, Spain).

A human mandible from the site of Cova del Gegant is described here for the first time and compared with other Middle and Upper Pleistocene representatives of the genus Homo from Europe and Southwest Asia. The specimen was recovered from sediments which also yielded Mousterian stone tools and Pleistocene fauna. The preserved morphology of the mandible, particularly in the region of the mental foramen, clearly aligns it with the Neandertals, making the Cova del Gegant the only known site in Catalonia documenting diagnostic human skeletal remains in association with Middle Paleolithic stone tools. This represents an important new addition to the human fossil record from the Iberian Peninsula and joins the Bañolas mandible in documenting the course of human evolution in the northern Mediterranean region of Spain.

Age Determination by Teeth↗
PubMed2006

Somatosensory evoked potentials of inferior alveolar nerve.

PURPOSE: The use of inferior alveolar nerve somatosensory evoked potentials may represent an objective means of evaluating sensory nerve function in the maxillofacial region. The aim of this work was to confirm the existence of a standard sequence of prominent events in the trigeminal somatosensory evoked potentials (TSEPs) of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) waveform, examine those components and their normal variability by statistical analysis, and discuss TSEPs' nervous origin and some patterns of TSEPs' abnormalities due to dysfunctional nerves. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TSEPs were obtained following electrical stimulation (square wave pulses 0.2 millisecond [ms] in duration, 4 to 6.5 mA, 0.7/second repetition rate, 200 averages) of the gum at the mental foramen level via intraoral surface electrodes and recorded from the contralateral central scalp sites. RESULTS: We successfully recognized steady waveforms of sufficient quality and consistently recorded a "W"-shaped response: latency onset and peak of the initial deflection of positive polarity were approximately 12 ms and 20 ms, respectively. Negative and positive deflections followed with respective peak latencies at around 26 ms and 36 ms. One side of the lower lip can be compared with the contralateral side and patients may serve as their own control in cases of unilateral nerve injury. The anaesthetic block showed the total abolition of responses. Reproducible TSEP waveform was only obtained during nerve stimulation and not during masseter muscle stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: TSEPs, obtained with the present technique, may represent an objective, low-invasive, and reliable way of testing sensory nerve function in the maxillofacial region.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Mini dental implants: an adjunct for retention, stability, and comfort for the edentulous patient.

OBJECTIVE: This article examines the success of mini-dental implants (MDI'S) by assessing four subjective measures of patient satisfaction for MDI's in the edentulous maxilla and mandible: comfort, retention, chewing ability and speaking ability. Success rates, surgical techniques, and financial advantages of the MDI's are reviewed. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty consecutive patients received four MDI's between the mental foramen of the mandible from 9/18/2003 to 10/22/2004. Questionnaires were sent to all thirty patients an average of 5 months postoperatively. The patients ranked comfort, retention, chewing ability, and speaking ability from 1 to 10 (1=poor and 10=excellent). RESULTS: A total of 116 MDI's were placed in 13 months and 113 remain stable for a 97.4% implant success rate. Pre-operatively patients rated their retention at 1.7+/-0.42 and post-operatively at 9.6+/-0.37, for a difference of 7.9 (p=3.6-19). Comfort was the next greatest improvement, with a pre-operative rating of 2.2+/-0.63 and a post-operative rating of 9.4+/-0.45, for a difference of 7.2 (p=3.5-15). Chewing ability also improved, with a difference of 7.0 (p=2.9e-16). In the final category of speaking ability, the pre-operative to post-operative difference was 3.2 (p=1.1e-5). CONCLUSION: MDI's are a highly successful implant option for patients with poor tolerance to maxillary and mandibular prosthesis. The implants are relatively affordable and overall patient satisfaction is excellent.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

The treatment of lymphangioma in the buccal mucosa by radiofrequency ablation: a case report.

Lymphangioma is a benign, hamartomatous tumor of the lymphatic system. It is usually found in the head and neck region and is widely regarded as a developmental lesion rather than a true neoplasia. Most lymphangiomas are present at birth (60%), and by the age of 2 years 80% to 90% are present. In the head and neck area, the most common location is the submandibular region, followed by the parotid gland. When lymphangioma occurs in the mouth, the anterior two thirds of the tongue is the most commonly affected region. Various methods have been tried for treatment of lymphangioma including surgery, radiation, laser therapy, and sclerotherapy. Recently, a new and more conservative surgical approach to this lesion using radiofrequency ablation has been described. In this report, a case of lymphangioma in the right buccal mucosa of the mental foramen area that has been treated by radiofrequency ablation is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A pilot study of mineralization distribution in the cortical bone of the human mandible.

Twenty-three specimens from immediately anteroinferior to the mental foramen were obtained from male and female, dentate and edentate, human mandibles. Planoparallel 80 microm thick sections were prepared from the mandibular specimens and computerized quantitative microradiography undertaken, which allowed the production of mineralization frequency distribution curves and mean mineralization. No differences in mean mineralization with age, sex, presence or absence of dentition were found, but mineralization distribution curves indicated differences between males and females. Within the age range and small sample size examined (40-90 years) there were no age-related differences. There was a lower level of mineralization distribution in the edentulous than the dentate mandible.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A survey of panoramic radiographs for evaluation of normal and pathologic findings.

Six thousand seven hundred eighty panoramic radiographs were screened to monitor the incidence of normal and pathologic findings. Three different types of panoramic radiograph were used in this study: Panorex, Orthopantomograph, and Panelipse. Visualization of four different anatomic landmarks was used for a statistical comparison of the diagnostic value of the three films: the temporomandibular joint compartments, the external oblique ridge, the mental foramen, and the mandibular canal. The orthopantomograph was judged to be slightly more reliable in producing radiographs for the visualization of the selected anatomic structures. The most common form of pathosis detected was impacted teeth, seen in 22.3 percent followed by retained roots, which appeared in 12.6 percent of the films. Comparing these survey data with three other major studies suggests that confining the previous radiographic examinations to certain selected groups of people may have distorted the incidence of some pathologic conditions in the population. The panoramic radiograph is still considered a supplement to, not a substitute for, the intraoral radiograph.

Humans↗