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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Possible altered dopaminergic modulation of pituitary function in normal-menstruating women with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).

In order to assess whether a possible altered dopamine activity in normal-menstruating diabetic patients may influence the pituitary hormone secretion we have measured the basal serum concentrations of Prl, LH and FSH in 28 patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and in 55 normal-menstruating women at day 3 to 6 of the menstrual cycle. In addition basal levels of oestradiol-17 beta, TSH, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and resin-T3 uptake (RT3U) were determined in 17 patients with IDDM and in 17 controls. The responses of FSH, LH, Prl, GH and TSH to metoclopramide (MTC) administration (10 mg iv) were studied in 17 patients and 17 controls. In 10 patients with IDDM and 8 controls the short-term variations in pituitary hormones and blood glucose concentration were evaluated. Patients with IDDM had significantly lower basal levels of Prl (P less than 0.01) and TSH (P less than 0.05) and significantly (P less than 0.05) higher basal levels of GH than normal women. No significant (P greater than 0.05) differences were found regarding basal serum concentrations of FSH, LH, oestradiol, T4, T3 and RT3U. During the 3 h period the mean coefficient of variation of Prl, FSH, LH and GH was not significantly (P greater than 0.05) different between diabetic patients and controls. Both groups responded significantly (P less than 0.01) in Prl and TSH to MTC but the TSH response was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in patients with IDDM. The Prl response to MTC was not significantly (P greater than 0.05) different within the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Use of thrombolytic therapy to treat heparin-refractory pulmonary embolism in a menstruating patient.

A 26-year-old woman developed an acute pulmonary embolism at the beginning of her menstrual cycle and was admitted to the hospital. When she failed initial standard treatment with heparin, the only other therapeutic option was a thrombolytic agent such as recombinant tissue plasma activator (rt-PA). Use of these agents, however, carries a large risk of major bleeding complications and brings concern of increased menstrual blood flow and duration. A literature search of the use of thrombolytic agents in menstruating patients found only limited reports. Our patient responded well to rt-PA therapy Her hemoglobin levels remained stable, and she experienced no bleeding complications. Careful monitoring and caution are recommended when administering thrombolytic agents to menstruating patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Vascular and cellular changes in the decidualized endometrium of the ovariectomized mouse following cessation of hormone treatment: a possible model for menstruation.

Ovariectomized mice were prepared for decidualization with oestrogen and progesterone and arachis oil injected into the uterine lumen. Hormone injections were then stopped and uteri examined at intervals between 31 and 84 h after the last progesterone injection. At 31 and 35 h the stroma showed a normal decidual reaction. Between 45 and 79 h the stroma underwent a series of changes which started with the congestion of dilated blood vessels with swollen erythrocytes followed by breakdown of the vessel walls and extravasation of blood. At the same time the decidual cells showed typical apoptotic changes and there was invasion by leucocytes. An outer ring of stroma did not take part in the degenerative process and eventually a central core of blood cells and degenerating decidual cells became detached and was shed into the lumen. Animals treated in exactly the same way but with the omission of the decidual stimulus did not show such changes in the stroma. It is suggested that the changes in the endometrium resemble those of menstruation and support the suggestion that for menstruation to occur the stroma must be differentiated for implantation. This occurs during the cycle in women but does not occur in non-primates unless a decidual stimulus is applied to the uterus.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Expression of messenger ribonucleic acid encoding matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors is related to menstruation.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) degrade components of the extracellular matrix and the balance between enzyme production and that of their specific tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) is likely to be crucial for menstruation. The temporal expression of messenger (m) RNA for proMMP-1 (interstitial collagenase), proMMP-3 (stromelysin 1), TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 has been examined by Northern analysis in 73 individually-dated endometrial tissue samples from normal women. Thirteen tissues expressed the mRNA for proMMP-3 and mRNA for proMMP-1 was detected in eleven of the same tissues. All of these tissues were from the menstrual (11) or perimenstrual (2) phases. No expression of mRNA for proMMP-1 or -3 was detected between cycle days 4 and 26. By contrast, mRNA for both TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 was detected in all tissue samples. The abundance of mRNA for TIMP-1 was significantly elevated in menstrual tissue compared with tissue from the rest of the cycle. TIMP-2 mRNA expression displayed considerable variability between individual tissues but mean abundance was also higher in menstrual tissue. Menstruation is therefore associated with a perturbation of the balance between the expression of MMPs and their tissue inhibitors which could lead to tissue degradation.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Medical metaphors of women's bodies: menstruation and menopause.

Implicit, underlying imagery in medical descriptions of menstruation and menopause is exposed, beginning with 19th century views. Contemporary medical texts and teaching reveal two fundamental assumptions about women's bodies. First, they assume that female reproductive organs are organized as if they form a hierarchical, bureaucratic organization under centralized control. Given this assumption, menopause comes to be described negatively, as a process involving breakdown of central control. Second, they assume that women's bodies are predominantly for the control. Second, they assume that women's bodies are predominantly for the purpose of production of desirable substances, primarily babies. Given this assumption, menstruation comes to be seen negatively, as a process involving failed production, waste products, and debris. Alternative imagery that works from our current understanding of physiology, but avoids denigration of women's bodies, is suggested.

Body Image↗
PubMed2002

Decoding implantation and menstruation: the tale of two opposing signals.

Human endometrium is a unique tissue that undergoes sequential phases of proliferation, and secretory changes followed by tissue shedding and bleeding during menstruation. Tissue remodeling is a distinct feature of human endometrium in the secretory phase which prepares endometrium for implantation during the "receptive phase" of the cycle. A discrete dissolution of extracellular matrix (ECM) by a host of enzymes called matrix metalloproteases (MMP) is required for a successful implantation. In the absence of implantation, as a result of progesterone withdrawal, human endometrium loses its receptive state in the premenstrual period and subsequently undergoes a generalized breakdown of ECM by MMPs during menstruation. The homeostasis of ECM of endometrium and the delicate balance between its synthesis and degradation appear to be mediated by reciprocal interaction between TGF-beta and ebaf (lefty) signaling. While TGF-beta acts as a pro-fibrogenic cytokine and maintains the integrity of ECM in endometrium, expression of lefty is associated with events that lead to destruction of ECM facilitating tissue shedding.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Serum levels of 4-androstene-3,17-dione in menstruating and postmenopausal women. Evaluation of a radioimmunoassay and correlation with bone mineral content and endometrial pathology.

A radioimmunoassay for serum 4-androstene-3,17-dione (A-4) using anti-4-androstene-3, 17-dione-11 alpha-hemisuccinate bovine serum albumin was applied to serum samples from 16 healthy, normally menstruating women in different phases of the menstrual cycle, from 36 healthy postmenopausal women and from 23 postmenopausal women with various bone mineral contents and endometrial conditions, undergoing an acute ACTH stimulation test. The values obtained in the normal subjects were consistent with those found in the literature. A-4 levels were significantly higher at midcycle than in the follicular phase and were significantly lower in postmenopausal than in menstruating women. ACTH increased the levels of A-4 significantly. However, no significant correlation was found between basal levels or the ACTH-induced increments of A-4 on the one hand and bone mineral content, endometrial condition and the patients' weight, age, or Broca's index on the other. This is in contrast to our previous finding of significant correlations between basal dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and ACTH-induced increments in dehydroepiandrosterone on the one hand and bone mineral content on the other in the same clinical material. We discuss whether the differences in correlations to bone mineral content between the two adrenocortical androgens may be due to a rather more complex origin of the steroid moiety of A-4.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1988

Menstruation-related angioedema treated with tranexamic acid.

A case of menstruation-related angioedema is presented. The symptoms observed were cyclically appearing hoarseness due to laryngeal edema without any pain. Symptoms disappeared during intake of contraceptive pills and during pregnancy with recurrence at the onset of menstruation post partum. A therapeutic trial with tranexamic acid was successful. The use of tranexamic acid in secondary and idiopathic angioedema should be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Reference intervals for serum sex steroids and gonadotropins in regularly menstruating women.

Reference intervals for novel fluoro-immunoassays for serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) were established in 40 healthy regularly menstruating women. Serum samples for sex steroids, including testosterone (T), androstenedione (A) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), as well as sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and gonadotropins, were collected in the early follicular and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. The need for the timing of androgen and gonadotropin samples was also determinated. Serum E2 and P were measured by radio-immuno- and time-resolved fluoro-immunoassays. Various assay methods correlated closely, but the reference intervals varied considerably from one method to another. In the early follicular phase the LH/FSH ratio only ranged between 0.2 and 1.7 (mean +/- S.D.; 0.8 +/- 0.3); the variation was greater (from 0.3 to 3.5) in the luteal phase, when the mean was also significantly higher (1.5 +/- 0.9, p = 0.0001). Similarly the mean values of T and SHBG were higher in the luteal phase, while the other androgen concentrations and calculated androgen indexes were equal, compared with the follicular phase values. Thus the timing of hormone determinations is warranted in the investigation of the gonadotropin and androgen status in normally menstruating women. Moreover, the upper limit of the LH/FSH ratio examined with new, sensitive methods is lower than that previously stated. The use of an intra-uterine contraceptive device (IUD) had no effect on hormone levels.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Attitudes toward menstruation in premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a preliminary report in an urban Turkish population.

The manner in which menstruation, femininity and the role of the mother are perceived, along with the social influences, are emphasized in the psychosocial dimension of premenstrual syndrome. This study attempts to investigate the perception of mothers and attitudes toward menstruation of a group of women diagnosed with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in a secular Muslim country. Thirty women with PMDD and 24 healthy women were studied using a semi-structured questionnaire. Menstrual attitude and the way the mother was perceived in the childhood-to-puberty period by women with PMDD, were significantly negative in comparison to the control group. In conclusion, menstrual attitudes and premenstrual experiences of women should be investigated cross-culturally and prospectively.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ocular vicarious menstruation.

Vicarious menstruation represents cyclical bleeding in extragenital organs during a normal menstrual cycle. We present an unusual case of ocular vicarious menstruation (bloody tears) in a 17-year-old girl. The indications and treatment of this rare disorder are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Anaphylactoid reactions associated with menstruation affecting two sisters.

Cyclical anaphylactoid reactions associated with menstruation are exceedingly rare. We report two sisters who were both affected, one severely and one mildly. Treatment involved suppression of menstruation and use of a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. An abnormal reaction to prostaglandins, perhaps produced by COX-2 enzyme activity in the endometrium, is a possible mechanism.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The predictive value of five different urinary LH kits in detecting the LH surge in regularly menstruating women.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the predictive value of five different urinary LH kits at detecting the LH surge in regularly menstruating, reproductive-age women. DESIGN: Single center, prospective study. SETTING: University of Tennessee, Obstetrics and Gynecology department. INTERVENTION: Eleven regularly menstruating women collected urine daily from cycle days 10 through 18. Urinary LH was quantitated by radioimmunoassay. Transvaginal sonography was performed to document ovulation. Three different lots of Clear Plan Easy, OvuKit, OvuQuick, Sure Step, and EZ LH were evaluated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Correlation of urinary LH test kit results with urine LH value determined by RIA. RESULTS: Peak urinary LH values by RIA ranged from 13.5 mIU/mL to 73.0 mIU/mL. The lowest level detected as positive by LH kits ranged from 25.5 mIU/mL to 48.7 mIU/mL. Lot-to-lot variations were rare. Follicular collapse occurred within 24 hours of the urinary LH peak in 8 of 10 (80%) and by 48 hours in the remaining 2 subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of LH surges detected by urinary LH kits ranged from 50% to 100%. The lowest LH value detected as positive varied almost twofold between different kits. Manufacturers should indicate the detection limit of their kits in mIU/mL.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Matrix metalloproteinases and menstruation].

During every menstrual cycle the extracellular matrix in the uterus undergoes dramatic changes associated with release and shedding of the endometrium. Classical investigations made in monkeys assumed that menstruation is caused by vasoconstriction, hypoxia and subsequent necrosis. More recent work indicates the importance of the system of the system of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) for the extracellular architecture of the endometrium. The submitted paper presents a review of crucial characteristics of the MMP system and its importance for cyclic transformation of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle. From the review it is apparent that impairment of the MMP equilibrium and its tissue inhibitors are an essential prerequisite of tissue degradation and menstruation. MMP activation is regulated by hypoxia, a drop progesterone and paracrine factors released by epithelial, stromal and migratory cells.

Endometrium↗
PubMed2005

Premenarcheal Mexican girls' and their teachers' perceptions of preparation students receive about menstruation at school.

This survey explored how fifth-grade Mexican premenarcheal girls (N = 80) and their teachers (N = 16) view the preparation students receive about menstruation at school. The most discussed topics in class included hygiene and body functions. The main discrepancies between girls and teachers were as follows: (a) more teachers than girls reported that they discussed the emotional aspects of menses, (b) teachers indicated that their pupils were better prepared than the students themselves believed. (c) more teachers reported that the girls acted ashamed during the classes, and (d) more girls perceived that boys behaved in a mocking manner, whereas more teachers thought that the boys acted nervous. In conclusion, teaching about menstruation is problematic, but these findings provide information for teachers to meet the needs of girls more efficiently.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Screening for iron deficiency in menstruating women: an audit in general medical practice].

To evaluate their own performance in the screening for iron deficiency in menstruating woman, 58 general practitioners have searched in their case-histories the results of serum ferritin or serum iron associated to transferrin saturation dating from less than five years. That observation has been repeated two years later by 25 of them. The progression of the screening among the general practitioners who accepted to realize this audit was clear: from 45.1% to 59.1% women screened on the total of menstruating women aged over 18 and regularly consulting in consultations. The GP's participation in Lorraine remained low (2.7%), in spite of the choice of a frequent medical disorder, a simple procedure and a large diffusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Menstruation disorders more frequent in women with a history of sexual abuse].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between menstruation disorders and prior sexual abuse. DESIGN: Questionnaire investigation. METHOD: A questionnaire was developed consisting of 50 questions about menstruation disorders, premenstrual syndrome and sexual abuse. The questionnaire was mailed to all female patients aged 12-54 years (n = 1805) of one family practice in Den Helder, the Netherlands. RESULTS: The response rate to the questionnaire was 69% (n = 1254). After excluding women who were postmenopausal, pregnant, without a uterus, or who did not answer the questions on sexual abuse, 947 remained. Of these women, 83 (8.7%) reported having experienced sexual abuse. These women had significantly more dysmenorrhoea, more dysfunctional menstrual bleeding and significantly more menstrual cycle irregularities. CONCLUSION: A statistically significant association was found between menstrual problems and prior sexual abuse. Sexual abuse should be considered in the differential diagnosis and treatment of women who seek medical help for inexplicable menstrual disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Menstruation among adolescent girls in Malaysia: a cross-sectional school survey.

INTRODUCTION: The onset of menstruation is part of the maturation process. However, variability in menstrual cycle characteristics and menstrual disorders are common. The purpose of this study was to determine the menstrual characteristics of adolescent females and factors associated with it. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out on 2,411 secondary school adolescent females in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Data were collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire on menstruation in Bahasa Malaysia. RESULTS: Abnormal cycle length (menstrual cycle longer than 35 days or cycle length between 14 to 20 days or irregular pattern) was common and affected 37.2 percent of subjects. The majority (74.6 percent) experienced premenstrual syndrome and 69.4 percent had dysmenorrhoea. About 18 percent reported excessive menstrual loss (use two pads at a time to prevent blood from soaking through or confirmed by doctor to be anaemic due to heavy menstrual flow). Only 11.1 percent of schoolgirls seeked medical consultation for their menstrual disorders. Mothers remained the most important source of information (80 percent). Menstrual disorders were significantly more common in female adolescents who smoke and have suicidal behaviours (p-value is less than 0.05). CONCLUSION: Menstrual problems among adolescent female are common. They are influenced by certain modifiable factors.

Adolescent↗