[Blood flow measurement in the mamma of agricultural animals by the hydrogen clearance method].
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Studied were morphologically the udder and genitalia of 13 sows with the mastitis-metritis-agalactia syndrome (MMA) and of 3 normal sows from the first to the third day after farrowing. In 53.80 per cent of the cases there were histological changes of acute catarrhal and purulent mastitis, and in 23.08 per cent--degeneration of the glandular epithelium, 23.08 per cent having hypoplasia of the milk alveolae. In 61.80 per cent of the cases the changes in the udder were accompanied with changes in the uterus (catarrhal and purulent endometritis). There were in the ovaries of both the diseased and the normal sows persisting corpora lutea and massive atresia of secondary follicles.
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The metabolism of nuclear proteins was studied at differentiation of mammary cells in the tissue culture with lactogenic hormones. The synthesis of nuclear acidic proteins under the influence of insulin is shown to be an initial step in cell differentiation of the gland; later the DNA synthesis is stimulated, and the synthesis and phosphorylation of histones are intestified. The inducing action of prolactin on the synthesis of RNA and casein is displayed only after the action of insulin and hydrocortisone on the tissue.
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Thirty-one case histories of patients, most of them with pathological galactographic findings, were evaluated with view to assessing the diagnostic value of galactography, as compared to clinical examination, mammography, and cytological checks, all in the context of pathological nipple discharge. The histological result was used for reference. The highest amount of accuracy, in connection with growing and tissue displacing processes, was recorded from galactography. It, therefore, should be given an established position for early use in complex diagnosis.
Spontaneous and evoked biopotentials were recorded on the mammary gland surface in goats. The biopotentials appear in the course of secretion during milk ejection as well as under electrical, mechanical and hormonal actions. They might be considered as adequate indices of secretion and ejection processes in the mammary gland.
In an industrial pig production unit 101 sows were culled because of reproduction failure. All the sows had a previous history of MMA, PHS, SUGD. All the sows were crosses of the two breeds Large White and Landrace. 101 sows were examined postmortem for pathologic changes. Changes were found in the kidney (38.6%), pyelum (49.5%), ureter (52.5%), bladder (100%), urethra (100%), uterus (50.5%), cervix (31.7%), vagina (28.7%), ovaries (51.5%), mammary gland (100%). Since 100% of the pathologic findings happened simultaneously in the urinary tract as well as in the mammary gland and just over 50% of the investigated cases had pathologic changes in the genital organs as well, the results suggest that MMA, PHS, and SUGD must be regarded as different manifestations of the same pathological entity of the urogenital organs of the sow. The authors introduce the term SUGD to denominate the conflicting terminology around the periparturient reproductive failure syndrome complex.
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