Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Longitudinal analysis”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

A longitudinal analysis of lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogens and antigens during human pregnancy.

T-cell number and mitogen- and antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferative were assessed longitudinally in 18 normal human pregnancies to examine the effects of pregnancy on cellular immunity. The T-cell percentage and mitogen-induced responses did not change significantly in pregnant women as compared to nonpregnant, non-postpartum control adults. However, cell-mediated immune responses to three antigens were dramatically depressed during the third trimester and then returned to early pregnancy levels by 90 days post partum. This reduction in antigen-specific cellular immunity may be necessary to prevent rejection of the histoincompatible fetus by the mother and at the same time may render women in late gestation more susceptible to infection.

Female↗
PubMed2003

Longitudinal analysis of lactate threshold in male and female master athletes.

PURPOSE: The lack of relationship between lactate threshold (LT) and running performance in older runners, and the increase in LT with age, has not been previously studied in a longitudinal design. We evaluated the cross-sectional and longitudinal changes in LT with age and compared the changes in LT with changes in performance variables. METHODS: Fifty-one male and 23 female runners (39-77 yr) performed two graded treadmill exercise tests with minute-by-minute venous blood lactate analysis, separated by 5.8 +/- 1.6 yr (mean +/- SD). Body composition was determined by hydrodensitometry and training history by questionnaire. RESULTS: There was no change in LBM over time, but significant decreases in [OV0312]O(2max) and training volume irrespective of age and gender (P < 0.05). LT as a percent of [OV0312]O(2max) increased with age (P < 0.05), demonstrated poor stability over time (r = 0.29, P = 0.01) compared with other parameters measured, and changes in LT were not related to changes in fitness or performance. CONCLUSION: Based upon these findings, we conclude that the LT may be less precise than [OV0312]O(2max) or performance in the prescription of exercise intensities or as an evaluation tool in older individuals.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2002

Life satisfaction and adverse effects in renal transplant recipients: a longitudinal analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Previous cross-sectional analyses have identified significant associations between quality of life (QOL), comorbidities and adverse effects in renal transplant recipients. This report examines the longitudinal relationship between adverse effects and QOL, with particular attention to the relative impact of adverse effects associated with immunosuppression. METHODS: The Transplant Learning Center (TLC) is a program designed to improve QOL and preserve graft function in transplant recipients. Self-selected enrollees filled out questionnaires at roughly 3-month intervals. Each questionnaire included QOL scales developed for the program. Repeated measures multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between the QOL scales, comorbidities, adverse effects, adjusting for other factors. RESULTS: A total of 4247 TLC enrollees were included in the analysis, with a mean time since transplant of 5.1 yr. Comorbidities and adverse effects were common, with high blood pressure reported by 87% of respondents and unusual hair growth reported by 69.6%. In bivariate analysis, emotional/psychological problems and headaches had the largest impact on QOL. In multivariate analysis, emotional/psychological problems decreased sexual interest or ability, and headache had the largest adverse QOL effect. CONCLUSIONS: We have identified QOL issues that have been previously underemphasized in transplant recipients. These findings open new areas of research to further explore and define these issues. They provide new opportunities for interventions to address factors adversely impacting QOL and to develop strategies to improve QOL in these patients. Clinicians should actively solicit information about adverse effects of medications, particularly information about sexual and relationship issues, when evaluating renal recipients. These issues should be taken into account when making therapeutic decisions.

Comorbidity↗
PubMed1993

Longitudinal analysis of neutrophil superoxide anion generation in patients with septic shock.

OBJECTIVE: To examine polymorphonuclear leukocyte respiratory burst function serially in patients with septic shock. DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal, descriptive study. SETTING: Adult and pediatric (university hospital) intensive care units. PATIENTS: Eight critically ill patients, with septic shock and eight critically ill patients without evidence of infection or sepsis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Severity of patient illness was estimated serially using the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) scoring system. For each patient, neutrophil superoxide anion synthesis was assayed spectrophotometrically in multiple blood samples over a period of 7 to 12 days after clinical identification of septic shock. The initial sample was obtained < 12 hrs after admission. Reaction velocities initially, at 2 to 3 mins, and at 4 to 5 mins (nmol superoxide anion/min/10(6) neutrophils), and extent of reaction at 5 mins (nmol superoxide anion/5 mins/10(6) neutrophils) were determined for each assay. On the day of admission, the mean APACHE II score and initial velocity for the septic shock group were 21.5 +/- 10 and 4.6 +/- 2 nmol superoxide anion/min/10(6) neutrophils, respectively. Over the next 7 to 12 days, as the patients recovered, there was a significant (paired t-test) decrease in APACHE II scores (p < .005) and increase in initial velocity (p < .0005). The increase in initial velocity correlated with the accompanying decrease in APACHE II scores (r2 = .46). Neutrophil superoxide anion generation in the critically ill group was not suppressed compared with the septic shock group and remained normal throughout the evaluation period. CONCLUSIONS: In vitro neutrophil respiratory burst function is significantly depressed during early septic shock. As patients improve clinically, as quantitated by decreasing APACHE II scores, neutrophil respiratory burst function recovers, approaching normal values.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Discrimination, symptoms of depression, and self-rated health among african american women in detroit: results from a longitudinal analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Our understanding of the relationships between perceived discrimination and health was limited by the cross-sectional design of most previous studies. We examined the longitudinal association of self-reported everyday discrimination with depressive symptoms and self-rated general health. METHODS: Data came from 2 waves (1996 and 2001) of the Eastside Village Health Worker Partnership survey, a community-based participatory survey of African American women living on Detroit's east side (n=343). We use longitudinal models to test the hypothesis that a change in everyday discrimination over time is associated with a change in self-reported symptoms of depression (positive) and on self-reported general health status (negative). RESULTS: We found that a change over time in discrimination was significantly associated with a change over time in depressive symptoms (positive) (b=0.125; P<.001) and self-rated general health (negative) (b=-0.163; P<.05) independent of age, education, or income. CONCLUSIONS: The results reported here are consistent with the hypothesis that everyday encounters with discrimination are causally associated with poor mental and physical health outcomes. In this sample of African American women, this association holds above and beyond the effects of income and education.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Health status and health care of immigrants in Canada: a longitudinal analysis.

OBJECTIVES: This paper focuses upon health status, need for care, and use of health care from 1994/95 to 2000/01 in the Canadian foreign-born population. METHODS: Using Statistics Canada's longitudinal National Population Health Survey, descriptive and survival analyses are used to explore immigrant health status and health care. RESULTS: The health status of immigrants quickly declines after arrival, with a concomitant increase in use of health care services. However, survival analysis of the risk of a change to poor health indicates no difference between immigrants and the native-born. Similarly, there is no difference in the risk of hospital use between the two populations. CONCLUSIONS: The health status of recent immigrant arrivals is observed to decline towards that of the native-born population, while health care utilization increases. However, increased use may not be sufficient to offset declines in health, meaning that need for health care within the immigrant population may be unmet.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Longitudinal analysis of abnormal domains comprising mild cognitive impairment (MCI) during aging.

Research directed towards early diagnosis and therapy of dementia demands rapid identification of prodromal mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A longitudinal study was designed to clarify whether different domains of cognitive impairment, tested by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), help predict dementia. After 3.74+/-2.94 years of follow-up among 291 cognitively normative volunteers, 73 developed MCI. During the next 3.88+/-3.01 years of MCI follow-up, 47.9% of MCI developed dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT), 20.5% of MCI developed vascular dementia (VaD) and 31.5% maintained persistent MCI at the time of data analysis. Total MMSE and subtest scores analyzed at MCI onset showed significant differences for serial seven subtest scores between DAT and persistent MCI (P<0.05). Rates of change in subtests of orientation and memory and total MMSE scores predicted DAT (P<0.01). Decreasing orientation and total MMSE scores predicted VaD conversion rates of MCI to DAT at 2 years were 20.06% among single-domain MCI versus 41.7% for multi-domain MCI (P<0.05). Subjects with MCI often have impaired cognitive domains other than memory and show rapid deterioration, which predicts DAT. VaD sometimes mimics DAT with subtle cognitive impairment appearing before onset of dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

A longitudinal analysis of mid-age women's use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in Australia, 1996-1998.

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) has become increasingly popular amongst healthcare consumers world-wide. As such, CAM is now an important public health issue with taking non-prescription medications. This paper constitutes an exploratory investigation into CAM use over time. As such, there is need for further research to provide in-depth examination of the adoption and relinquishment of CAM use over a longer time period. serious implications for healthcare organization and delivery. While previous studies have provided a profile of CAM users, there remains very limited analysis of CAM consumption over time. The purpose of this paper is to describe the changing use of CAM practitioners over time by 11,454 mid-age women in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Over the study period (1996-1998), 10% of women adopted the use of CAM and 9% relinquished CAM. The predominant factor found to be predictive of CAM adoption was changes in health status. Specifically, those women experiencing more illness over time are more likely to adopt CAM than those experiencing no change or better health. CAM relinquishment was associated with use of non-prescription medications, where women were more likely to relinquish CAM if they never used non-prescription medications or if they stopped.

Australia↗
PubMed2002

Longitudinal analysis of growth and puberty in 21-hydroxylase deficiency patients.

AIMS: To evaluate growth from diagnosis until final height (FH) in 21-hydroxylase deficiency patients. METHODS: A retrospective longitudinal study was performed. Only patients treated with hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone (in case of salt wasting) were evaluated. This resulted in a sample of 34 (21 male, 13 female) salt wasting patients (SW) and 26 (13 male, 13 female) non-salt wasting patients (NSW). Auxological data were compared to recent Dutch reference values. RESULTS: In the first three months of life, the mean length SDS decreased to -1.50, probably because of the high average glucocorticoid dose (40 mg/m2/day). FH corrected for target height (FH(corr)TH) was -1.25 and -1.27 SDS in females and males, respectively. Patients treated with salt supplements during the first year, had a better FH(corr)TH (-0.83 SDS). In NSW patients, FH(corr)TH was -0.96 and -1.51 SDS in females and males, respectively. In SW and NSW, age at onset of puberty was within normal limits, but bone age was advanced. Mean pubertal height gain was reduced in males. Body mass index was only increased in NSW females. CONCLUSION: In SW, loss of final height potential might be a result of glucocorticoid excess in the first three months and sodium depletion during infancy. In NSW, loss of FH potential was caused by the delay in diagnosis. In SW and NSW, the advanced bone age at onset of puberty (undertreatment in prebertal years) resulted in loss of height gain during puberty. The effect of intensive sodium chloride support in early infancy should be examined prospectively. Neonatal screening is required if the height prognosis in NSW patients is to be improved.

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital↗
PubMed1999

Diurnal variation in lung function in subgroups from two Dutch populations: consequences for longitudinal analysis.

We studied circadian variation in FVC, FEV1, PEF, TLC, VC, and RV between 9:00 A.M. and 9:00 P.M. and analyzed how this variation affected estimated longitudinal change. Data from 876 adults were obtained in a longitudinal survey of samples from two Dutch areas. Subjects participated in four surveys held at 3-yr intervals between 1975 and 1985. FVC, FEV1, PEF, and VC increased from 9:00 A.M. until noon and decreased afterwards. TLC was constant over the day, whereas RV decreased from 9:00 A.M. to noon. Average variation in FVC, FEV1 and PEF, expressed as percentages of average level, was 4. 8% (200 ml), 2.8% (86 ml), and 3.1% (250 ml/s), respectively. These results are compatible with circadian changes in airway size. No differences in variability were found between men and women. Significantly larger changes between 9:00 A.M. and noon were found in young adults, smokers, and those with respiratory symptoms than in other subgroups. Adjustment for diurnal variation reduced, albeit slightly, residual standard deviations of estimated longitudinal declines. Average diurnal change was large relative to underlying longitudinal change. Its effect on longitudinal change within an individual can therefore be large depending on age, smoking habits, symptomatology, number of visits, time of measurement, and difference in time between measurements. However, when people are measured at random times during the day for at least three visits, or when measurements are made after 11:00 A.M., effects of diurnal variation in pulmonary function on estimated average longitudinal decline are minimal.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Longitudinal analysis of mortality from breast cancer in Japan, 1950-1993: fitting Gompertz and Weibull functions.

Age-specific mortality rates from breast cancer (BC) in Japan from 1950 through 1993 were subjected to longitudinal Gompertzian and Weibull analyses. Age-specific BC mortality rate distributions between the ages of 30 and 75 years were Gompertzian in each year. Between 1950 and 1993, age-adjusted BC mortality rates increased by 65%. Gompertzian analysis might suggest that increasing mortality rates for BC can be attributed to worsening environmental influences during that period, especially after 1970. This suggests that the environmental factor has changed to account for increasing mortality from BC. The environmental factor increased 16% during that period and the competitive environmental factor was two times more contributory to mortality from BC in 1993 as compared with 1950. Age-specific mortality rates from BC were better fitted to the Weibull than the Gompertz function. The parameters of a and tau in the Weibull function ranged between 2.9 and 3.5 and between 8.5 and 13.0, respectively, during that period. The tau decreased 21% in 1993 as compared with 1950. As environmental factors of BC, the intake of animal protein and fat were discussed.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2003

Longitudinal analysis of deciduous tooth emergence: III. Sexual dimorphism in Bangladeshi, Guatemalan, Japanese, and Javanese children.

Previous studies, mostly in European populations, found sex differences in the pattern of deciduous tooth emergence. Most studies find that the anterior dentition in males is precocial relative to the female dentition, and the pattern reverses so that females lead males in the emergence of the posterior deciduous dentition. Less is known about sex differences in the dental development and emergence of non-European populations. Here we examine the pattern of sex differences in deciduous tooth emergence in Japanese, Javanese, Guatemalan, and Bangladeshi children. The data come from four longitudinal or mixed longitudinal studies using similar study protocols. Survival analysis was used to estimate parameters of a log-normal distribution of emergence for each of the 10 teeth of the left dentition, and sexual dimorphism was assessed by sex-specific differences in mean emergence times and by Bennett's index. The results support the pattern of developmental cross-over observed in other populations. We conclude that there is little evidence to support the hypothesis of Tanguay et al. ([1984] J. Dent. Res. 63:65-68) that ethnic factors mediate sex differences in the emergence of deciduous teeth.

Bangladesh↗
PubMed2005

Longitudinal analysis of pulmonary dysfunction in the initial years of employment in the grain industry.

The negative health effects of exposure to grain dust have previously been examined, but few studies have observed the effects on newly hired employees. Young grain workers are of interest because changes in pulmonary function may occur after a short duration of employment, and because older grain workers may represent a survivor population. The New Grain Workers Study (NGWS), a longitudinal study of 299 newly hired male grain industry workers, was conducted between 1980 and 1985. The objectives were to determine the effects of employment in the grain industry on pulmonary function. Pre-employment physical examinations and pulmonary function tests were conducted on subjects at the Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan. The Grain Dust Medical Surveillance Program (GDMSP) was a Labour Canada program that began in 1978. All subjects were grain workers employed in the grain industry in Saskatchewan. All subjects completed a respiratory symptoms questionnaire and underwent pulmonary function testing. Baseline observations were recorded every three years between 1978 and 1993. Data were available on 2184 grain workers. Generalized estimating equations were used to fit marginal and transitional multivariable regression models to determine the effects of grain dust exposure on pulmonary function. Marginal and transitional models were then compared. Height, exposure weeks, and previous FVC were predictive of FVC in the NGWS, while exposure weeks and previous FEV1 were predictive of FEV1. These models, as well as a transitional regression model built using the GDMSP data, were used to compute predicted mean annual decline inpulmonary function. Non-smoking grain workers in the NGWS had the highest pulmonary function test values, but also had the greatest predicted annual decline in pulmonary function. Ever-smoking grain workers in the GDMSP had the lowest pulmonary function test values. Non-smoking grain workers in the GDMSP had the least predicted annual decline in pulmonary function.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Longitudinal analysis of student performance in a dental hygiene distance education program.

The purpose of the study was to determine if learners who receive face-to-face instruction in an educational program performed statistically better on established benchmark assessments (GPA, course averages, and NBDHE) than learners at a distance from the didactic course instructor. A comparative, quasi-experimental, ex-post facto study was conducted. The treatment variable was program type: face-to-face vs. distance. The performance of five consecutive classes was analyzed, from 1997 to 2001. These five classes consisted of 221 learners, 105 of them at the host site and 115 using distance learning. The experimental groups were divided based upon location--host or cooperating college (distance) site learners. Study results identified no significant difference between host and distance learner performance for the entire educational program. The use of interactive television (ITV) for delivery of an educational program using distance education technology provided acceptable results in learner didactic performance. Learners at both the host and cooperating college (distance) sites performed equally well. The results were used to document program outcomes.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1986

Alcoholism treatment and total health care utilization and costs. A four-year longitudinal analysis of federal employees.

This study examines the effect of alcoholism treatment services on overall health care utilization and costs for health insurance enrollees under the Federal Employees Health Benefit Program with Aetna Insurance Company, 1980 through 1983. Claims filed by 1697 treated alcoholics (and their family members) continuously enrolled with Aetna during the study period were examined. In the years prior to initial alcoholism treatment, alcoholics incurred gradually increasing total health care costs on the average. These costs rose dramatically in the six months prior to treatment, began to decline after treatment initiation, and continued to fall during several follow-up years. For alcoholics less than 45 years of age, costs eventually declined to a point comparable with the lowest pretreatment levels.

Adult↗