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Results for “Keratoconjunctivitis”

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PubMed1983

[Neutrophil phagocytic activity of the peripheral blood in experimental keratoconjunctivitis in a sensitized macroorganism].

The study of the characteristics of the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils (the activity and intensity of phagocytosis, the index of its completeness) in the sensitized organism in experimental keratoconjunctivitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli has revealed a decrease in the phagocytic function of neutrophils. Still more pronounced suppression of the ingestive and digestive activity of leukocytes has been observed in cases of the combined action of bacterial allergens and benzylpenicillin potassium, which probably accounts for the ineffectiveness of the penicillin treatment of bacterial keratoconjunctivitis.

Allergens↗
PubMed1984

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca: histopathologic study of nictitating membrane and lacrimal glands from 28 dogs.

Forty nictitating membrane glands and 9 main lacrimal glands were obtained for histologic evaluation from 28 dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca as the result of azosulfapyridine toxicity, canine distemper, multisystemic autoimmune disease (Sjögren's syndrome-like syndrome), congenital origin, and unilateral and bilateral idiopathic keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Similar glands from 6 control dogs were studied. The most prevalent (87%) histopathologic finding was variable degrees of multifocal chronic adenitis, characterized by acinar atrophy and replacement with increased numbers of plasma cells and lymphocytes within increased amounts of interacinar fibrous connective tissue stroma. Occasional tubular structures were dilated and filled with neutrophils and cellular debris.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Development of a laboratory animal model for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis.

Guinea pigs, gerbils, voles, golden hamsters and Chinese hamsters exposed to experimental infection with Moraxella bovis by ocular instillation or associated routes showed transient infections only and no clinical signs. Five strains of mice were of similarly low susceptibility but another, the C57 Bl strain, was relatively susceptible and treatment with corticosteroid before infection regularly produced keratoconjunctivitis. This system therefore offers a promising model for studies on infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The role of face flies in an episode of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis.

Cattle partially protected from face flies (Musca autumnalis) had much less infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis and yielded fewer isolated of hemolytic Moraxella bovis than did similar cattle that received no face fly protection. The number of new isolated of M bovis from the unprotected cattle was highly correlated with the number of face files observed on the cattle. Close physical proximity to cattle infected with M bovis was important in the spread of the bacteria to previously uninfected cattle; however, it did not require physical contact among the cattle to spread from herd to herd. Moraxella bovis first began to spread from herd to herd after face fly populations exceeded 10/animal for 1 month. Keratoconjunctivitis was not observed in 53% of the cattle from which M bovis was isolated. Moraxella bovis was isolated from 4 of 45 pools of face files collected from animals in the untreated herds.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Celiac disease and keratoconjunctivitis. Occurrence with thrombocytopenic purpura.

A patient had a rare association of celiac disease, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and autoimmune thrombocytopenia. Both the malabsorption and the thrombocytopenia responded to prednisone therapy. The development of three different autoimmune disorders in this patient may be related to the presence of HLA-B8 and HLA-Dw3, the prevalence of which is known to be increased in celiac disease and keratoconjunctivitis sicca and that of HLA-B8 in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. Despite the fact that thrombocytopenia is rarely encountered in celiac disease, it is suggested that an autoimmune mechanism should be excluded in patients with this combination.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Tear-deficient keratoconjunctivitis. Clinical diagnosis of a common eye problem.

A chronic keratoconjunctivitis that is common under dry climatic conditions is described. A characteristic biomicroscopical appearance of the eye was found in 29 healthy patients with red, uncomfortable eyes and abnormal tear function. A diagnosis of tear-deficient keratoconjunctivitis can be made on the basis of these findings and treated effectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Microorganisms isolated from the corneal surface before and during topical cyclosporine treatment in dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

The effect that topical administration of cyclosporine would have on the number and type of microorganisms isolated from the corneal surface of dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca was studied. Schirmer tear test wear performed on and corneal swab specimens were collected from 61 eyes of 31 dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca prior to and after 3, 6, and 12 months of treatment with cyclosporine. In eyes that responded to cyclosporine treatment (Schirmer tear test value increased by > or = 5 mm/min, compared with pretreatment value), the percentage of eyes from which bacteria were isolated 3, 6, and 12 months of treatment was significantly (P < 0.001) less than the percentage from which bacteria were isolated prior to treatment. However, among eyes that did not respond to treatment, we did not detect a significant change over time in prevalence of bacteria or type of bacteria isolated. The percentage of eyes from which fungi were isolated decreased during treatment; however, the small number of eyes in which fungal culture results were initially positive precluded demonstration of a significant differences over time in the frequency with which specific bacterial genera were isolated, with the exception of beta-hemolytic Streptococcus spp. Opportunistic corneal infections were not detected even though none of the dogs received antibiotics. An increase in production of tears, which contain anti-infection, proteins, was believed to be the primary factor responsible for the decrease in the percentage of eyes from which microorganisms could be isolated.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The identification of Mycoplasma conjunctivae as an aetiological agent of infectious keratoconjunctivitis of sheep in South Africa.

Ovine keratoconjunctivitis was successfully reproduced in lambs under 1 year of age, in four separate transmission trials, by the use of mycoplasma isolates obtained from field outbreaks of ovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis. Mycoplasma isolates used in one of these trials, were identified as M. conjunctivae by means of immunofluorescence. Mycoplasma was isolated from approximately 87% of field cases examined. Branhamella ovis was isolated from 22% of field cases examined. No Chlamydia sp. or viruses were isolated from any of the outbreaks.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effect of penicillin or penicillin and dexamethasone in cattle with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis.

To evaluate the efficacy of penicillin or penicillin and dexamethasone for treatment of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, 6- to 8-month-old beef heifers with clinical signs of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: penicillin only, penicillin and dexamethasone, or control. Cattle assigned to the penicillin group (n = 18) were treated with 3 daily subconjunctival injections of procaine penicillin G. Cattle assigned to the penicillin/dexamethasone group (n = 13) were treated with 3 daily subconjunctival injections of procaine penicillin G and dexamethasone sodium phosphate. Control cattle (n = 14) were not treated. Healing times and frequency of recurrence for corneal ulcers; severity, diameter, and surface area measurements of corneal ulcers; and clinical scores did not differ among the 3 groups. Frequency of Moraxella bovis isolation from specimens of ocular secretions from ulcerated and non-ulcerated eyes was similar in all groups. Minimum inhibitory concentration of penicillin G for 95 of the 102 tested M bovis isolates was 0.3 U/ml, and for 7 others was 0.03 U/ml. When first and last specimens from 42 of 45 calves with isolation of M bovis on serial microbial cultures were compared, the susceptibility of each last isolate was similar to that of the corresponding first isolate.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis II. Antibodies in lacrimal secretions of cattle naturally or experimentally infected with Moraxella bovis.

Preinfection, acute and convalescent phase lacrimal secretions from 20 cattle that had mild to severe keratoconjunctivitis (associated with natural or experimental Moraxella bovis infection) were tested for specific antibody to M. bovis as well as for immunoglobulins, particulary of the A class. The convalescent phase secretions from all four natural cases but from only seven of the 16 experimental cases contained increased amounts of immunoglobulins, predominantly of the A class. Only the secretions from cattle having severe keratoconjunctivitis contained precipitins specific for Moraxella bovis.Therefore, M. bovis specifically stimulates the appearance in tears of immunoglobulins that are important in the age associated, acquired resistance to reinfection with M. bovis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis associated with chlamydiae in swine.

Two swine herds housed in confinement had high prevalences of conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis. Necropsies were performed on 7 pigs (2 to 8 weeks old) with mucopurulent conjunctivitis from one farm and on 1 sow with keratoconjunctivitis from another farm. Histologically, the small pigs had lymphoplasmacytic conjunctivitis with mild lymphofollicular hyperplasia. The sow had marked conjunctival lymphofollicular hyperplasia and ulcerative keratitis with neovascularization. Ultrastructural examination of conjunctival specimens from the pigs and sow revealed chlamydiae, often associated with glycogen within intracytoplasmic vacuoles in conjunctival cells. The identity of the chlamydiae isolated from 2 necropsied pigs as well as from conjunctival swab specimens from other pigs on the same farm was unknown. It is possible that the chlamydiae seen ultrastructurally within intracytoplasmic vacuoles containing glycogen in conjunctival cells were Chlamydia trachomatis. Results of this investigation suggested an etiologic role, at least in part, for chlamydiae in the disease process of these swine. On the basis of ultrastructural findings, mycoplasmal coinfection could not be ruled out. Several pigs also had cytomegalic inclusion virus rhinitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Mycoplasmas associated with bovine conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis.

In two separate herds of fattening calves a sudden-onset outbreak of ocular disease with profuse lacrimation occurred. The disease resembled the early stage of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis but after a few days the clinical signs of bronchopneumonia appeared. From conjunctival swabs Mycoplasma (M.) bovigenitalium, M. bovirhinis and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus were isolated. Moraxella bovis infection was not established. In one of the herds M. bovigenitalium was also found in the pneumonic lungs of dead calves. In one herd M. bovoculi was isolated from a cow with chronic keratoconjunctivitis, housed together with affected calves. Mycoplasmas were not isolated from ocular swabs of six bulls originating from a Reproductive Centre with temporary occurrence of unilateral serous conjunctivitis resistant to antibiotic therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis in seven horses.

Eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis was diagnosed in 7 horses at The Ohio State University between 1976 and 1994. All horses had moderate-to-severe blepharospasm, chemosis, and conjunctival hyperemia; epiphora; and extensive yellow-to-white caseous mucoid discharge. Corneal ulcers associated with this disease were perilimbal and extended centrally. All ulcers were covered with a white necrotic plaque firmly attached to the underlying cornea. Other ophthalmic abnormalities were not detected. Corneal scrapings examined cytologically contained numerous eosinophils interspersed between epithelial cells, few mast cells, and neutrophils. Microbial organism were not seen. Bacterial and fungal cultures were negative for ocular pathogens. The initial diagnosis of eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis was made on the basis of clinical and cytologic findings. In 5 horses, the condition completely resolved after topical treatment with corticosteroid (0.05% dexamethasone) and triple antibiotic ointments. However, the duration of treatment was prolonged, with a mean treatment time of 64 days (range, 45 to 106 days). All corneal ulcers remained superficial, and despite the prolonged duration of treatment, none of the horses developed secondary bacterial or fungal keratitis. One horse underwent superficial keratectomy and had the shortest resolution time (14 days).

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1977

Induced infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: vaccination with whole cell bacterins of Moraxella bovis mixed with Freund's incomplete adjuvant.

Our studies on vaccination against infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis were extended to include the use of adjuvant bacterins. Seventeen calves were given 2 doses of killed Moraxella bovis mixed with Freund's incomplete adjuvant; 15 calves were given 2 doses of whole cell bacterin without adjuvant. Four weeks later, all vaccinated and non-vaccinated (control) calves were challenge exposed by the conjunctival administration of virulent M bovis. The incorporation of Freund's incomplete adjuvant did not enhance the immunogenicity of M bovis bacterin for protection of calves against infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. Results indicated that the use of Freund's incomplete adjuvant does not compensate for a reduction in the number of doses which are required for protective vaccination of cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Diffuse lamellar keratitis and corneal edema associated with viral keratoconjunctivitis 2 years after laser in situ keratomileusis.

A 47-year-old woman with a history of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) 2 years previously for myopia and astigmatism, presented with bilateral loss of vision due to diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) with corneal edema in the context of a pseudomembranous viral keratoconjunctivitis. After intense and early treatment with topical corticosteroids, the corneal edema and DLK resolved and corneal transparency was achieved with complete restoration of visual acuity. This case shows that DLK may occur associated with a viral pseudomembranous keratoconjunctivitis in patients who have had LASIK. Diffuse lamellar keratitis may present up to 2 years after lamellar surgery, which would indicate that the plane created by the microkeratome at the interface may remain unhealed for at least this period of time. Early diagnosis and treatment with topical corticosteroids can achieve complete resolution without visual loss.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗
PubMed1992

Efficacy and safety of lodoxamide 0.1% vs cromolyn sodium 4% in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis.

A multicenter, double-masked, parallel-group clinical study compared the efficacy and safety of lodoxamide 0.1% ophthalmic solution and cromolyn sodium 4% ophthalmic solution in 120 patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis. On various follow-up visits, the clinical efficacy of lodoxamide 0.1% was statistically superior to cromolyn sodium 4% in alleviating four of the primary symptoms (itching, tearing, foreign-body sensation, and discomfort) and five of the primary signs (Trantas' dots, palpebral conjunctival changes, bulbar conjunctival hyperemia, erythema/swelling of the eyelids and periorbital tissues, and epithelial disease). At no time during the study was cromolyn sodium 4% statistically superior to lodoxamide 0.1% in demonstrating improvements in clinical signs and symptoms of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. The physician's clinical judgment of patients' response to treatment showed lodoxamide 0.1% effected a greater and earlier improvement than cromolyn sodium 4%. Both drugs were safe for topical ophthalmic use when used four times daily for up to 28 days.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Topical use of cyclosporine in the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis.

We treated 11 patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis for four to nine months with topical cyclosporine as a 2% dilution in castor oil. No significant side effects occurred, except for mild and transient burning upon administration. Within the first 15 days, both symptoms and signs of the condition improved significantly, and these results were maintained throughout the entire treatment. Relapses of the disease occurred two to four months after the end of the therapy. A double-masked clinical trial of nine patients (2% cyclosporine in castor oil vs castor oil alone) confirmed the results. Treated eyes improved significantly for both signs and symptoms as compared to control eyes. Topical cyclosporine may, therefore, be considered an effective substitute for corticosteroids, with an excellent anti-inflammatory activity in patients with both corticosteroid-dependent and corticosteroid-resistant vernal keratoconjunctivitis.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2002

Videokeratography findings in children with vernal keratoconjunctivitis versus those of healthy children.

PURPOSE: To determine videokeratographic topography of eyes with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and to assess whether the severity of the VKC is related to the presence of changes compatible with keratoconus. PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-six persons aged 6 to 21 years: 40 patients with VKC and 36 healthy controls. DESIGN: A comparative, observational case series. METHODS: We examined 76 persons, of whom 40 were patients with VKC and 36 were control subjects, and compared the outcomes of videokeratography (VKG) patterns (EyeSys Laboratories, Houston, TX), numerical corneal indices, and spherical equivalent refraction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Corneal topographic patterns, corneal numeric indices, and corneal mirror imagery. RESULTS: We found many more abnormal patterns on VKG among the VKC patients than expected when compared with 'normal' eyes (P = 0.02 for the right eye and P = 0.001 for the left eye). Videokeratography allowed us to define a subgroup of patients with infraclinical keratoconus. A trend of superior corneal steepening ('superior keratoconus') was also found. CONCLUSIONS: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis patients have more abnormal corneal topographic patterns than non VKC controls. Videokeratography may help decide how to follow-up and treat a presumed self-limiting disease.

Adolescent↗