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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

How long should the elderly take antidepressants? A double-blind placebo-controlled study of continuation/prophylaxis therapy with dothiepin. Old Age Depression Interest Group.

Of 219 elderly patients with a major depressive disorder (meeting RDC), 69 recovered sufficiently and consented to enter a two-year double-blind placebo-controlled trial of dothiepin. Survival analysis revealed that dothiepin reduced the relative risk of relapse by two and a half times. Past but not current serious physical illness was also associated with a favourable outcome, whereas a prolonged index depressive illness trebled the relative risk of relapse. In the light of previous research on prognosis it is suggested that elderly persons who recover from a major depressive illness should continue with antidepressant medication for at least two years, if not indefinitely.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Nursing: past trends, future policies.

This paper looks at five historical trends in the field of macro-policy making for nursing. From these it postulates that nursing is, now, a pluralist structure with three main interest groups. Each interest group has its own view of reality and therefore its own goals and strategies, some of which are in conflict with those of the other groups. Furthermore, the goals of the nursing groups are also in conflict with those of the government health department. The paper proposes a typology for nursing which takes account of these conflicts, helps to identify the areas of conflict and makes a proposal for the future structure which would help to achieve a more harmonious framework in the NHS.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Cancer patients' interest in group support programs.

Extended periods of remission from cancer have led to an increasing number of patients coping with problems in day-to-day living. Attendance at group support programs that address these problems has been low, however, and only certain subgroups of cancer patients seem to be attracted to them. This study consisted of gathering qualitative and quantitative information from 73 cancer patients concerning factors that might influence participation in group support programs. Only 25% of the patients expressed an interest in group programs. The main reason for interest was the opportunity for mutual support and exchange of experiences. On the other hand, the most common reasons for lack of interest among the 75% who were not interested in group programs were doubts about the usefulness of patient groups and/or the impression that other kinds of support were more important. The ratio 1:3 (one person interested versus three persons not interested) was distributed across most of the analyzed sociodemographic and cancer-related variables. A logistic regression analysis showed that patients indicated significantly more interest in group programs when they had been diagnosed within the previous 14 weeks (p < 0.033). Less-educated individuals were more likely to be interested in groups (p < 0.055). Implications of the study findings are discussed with regard to the future design of support group programs.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

The politics of dependency estimates: Social Security Board statistics, 1935-1939.

State theorists maintain that Social Security Board (SSB) bureaucrats managed the evolution of public welfare. Institutional politics theory more readily accepts the influences of political interest groups. SSB archival records offer an opportunity to contrast these models and explore the early measurement of old age dependency. In reports designed to protect the 1935 Social Security Act, SSB staff exaggerated the extent of dependency among elderly persons. By 1939, Board statistics clearly showed that children were more impoverished than aged persons. SSB leadership did not repudiate prior estimates and they accepted rising transfers to aged persons, largely because of the political power of interest groups interested in flat pensions. While bureaucrats attempted to control events, an institutional politics approach better explains both the pivotal role of other, political actors and the solidification of the myth of old age impoverishment.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2003

Gene expression analysis of human soft tissue leiomyosarcomas.

Leiomyosarcoma of the somatic soft tissue is a rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that metastasizes to other organs in a subset of cases. Much remains to be learned about the mechanisms underlying the development of aggressive behavior of this tumor. It has been difficult to predict the clinical behavior of leiomyosarcomas using the morphology-based grading system, even though tumor size and histological grade have correlated with biologic behavior in some studies. In this study we analyzed the gene expression patterns of 35 samples of mesenchymal origin, including 11 cases of leiomyosarcomas of different histological grades arising in soft tissue and the retroperitoneum, using the Affymetrix U133a chips, which contain more than 22,000 genes and expression sequence tags (ESTs). We identified a set of genes whose expression was commonly altered in all leiomyosarcoma samples. In addition, we identified specific gene expression patterns in several subsets of the tumor. We used these alterations of gene expression to subclassify the leiomyosarcomas into 3 groups. Interestingly, the grouping of these samples correlated well with tumor differentiation and clinical aggressiveness. The analysis identified 92 genes that distinguish low-grade, well-differentiated leiomyosarcomas from less well-differentiated, high-grade, and metastatic leiomyosarcoma. Thesse alterations of gene expression appear to be correlated with the clinical behavior and histological grade of the tumor. The striking differences in terms of gene expression pattern among leiomyosarcomas of different differentiation status and clinical aggressiveness imply that several genetic abnormalities are responsible for the genesis and progression of this tumor.

Adolescent↗