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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

[Method for the morphological identification of individual brain neurons intravitally and after fixation].

Pyramidal neurons stained with methylen blue (from layers III and V of the cat brain cortex) are revealed in vivo after a special preparation of the contact objectives in the reflecting light. Small pieces of the brain tissue with identified neurons were separated under visual control, after which an oriented piece placed in a special grid-basket appeared to be stabilized by the borders of the grid. This method permits investigating the same neurons after fixation by means of histological light or electron microscope techniques.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Does daily intake of green-yellow vegetables reduce the risk of cancer in man? An example of the application of epidemiological methods to the identification of individuals at low risk.

A cohort study, still in progress, of 265 118 adults aged 40 and above in 29 health centre districts in Japan, was begun in the autumn of 1965; it has shown that daily consumption of green-yellow vegetables significantly reduces the risk of cancers at all sites and of cancers at selected sites such as stomach and lung. The risk was seen to rise steadily with decreased intake of green-yellow vegetables. Mantel-extension chi tests on (1) crude, (2) age-standardized, (3) age-smoking-standardized, (4) age-meat-intake-standardized, and (5) age-social-class-standardized mortality rates for cancers at all sites and cancers of stomach and lung by frequency of green-yellow vegetable intake revealed a significant association and suggested a possible beneficial effect of beta-carotene intake in preventing major cancers in man. Successful intervention by such means appears to be attainable, since a greater than 25% decrease in mortality from stomach cancer was seen during the first five years in groups who increased the frequency of intake.

Diet↗
PubMed1994

Identification of individual tyrosine sulfation sites within factor VIII required for optimal activity and efficient thrombin cleavage.

Factor VIII functions as an essential cofactor in the blood coagulation cascade for the factor IXa-mediated activation of factor X. Factor VIII contains 6 tyrosine residues at positions 346, 718, 719, 723, 1664, and 1680 that are modified by post-translational sulfation. This modification is required for full factor VIII procoagulant activity. We have employed site-directed mutagenesis to identify the individual sulfated tyrosines within factor VIII that influence activity. The molecules were expressed in COS-1 monkey cells by transient transfection, and the resultant proteins were characterized. Metabolic incorporation of [35S]sulfate demonstrated that all 6 tyrosine residues are sulfated in factor VIII. Sulfation at residues 346 and 1664 was required for full activity in a factor VIII clotting assay but did not affect factor VIII activity monitored by a factor Xa generation assay. The Tyr346-->Phe and Tyr1664-->Phe mutants displayed delayed thrombin activation that correlated with delayed cleavage at residues 372 and 1689, respectively. In contrast, these mutants were efficiently activated by factor Xa. A triple Tyr to Phe mutant at residues 718, 719, and 723 displayed both reduced factor VIII clotting activity and factor Xa generation activity. Finally, a Tyr1680-->Phe mutant factor VIII displayed a 5-fold reduced affinity for von Willebrand factor. The results demonstrate that 1) sulfation at tyrosine residues 346 and 1664 increases factor VIII activity by increasing the rate of thrombin activation and cleavage; 2) sulfation at tyrosine residues 718, 719, and 723 increases the intrinsic activity of factor VIIIa; and 3) sulfation at tyrosine residue 1680 increases the affinity for vWF. In addition, the results implicate that thrombin interacts with three distinct sites within factor VIII, two of which are required for proteolytic activation. The results demonstrate that the six sites of tyrosine sulfation modulate factor VIII activity through different mechanisms.

Amino Acid Sequence↗