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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

High incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in The Netherlands: results of a prospective study. The South Limburg IBD Study Group.

PURPOSE: To gain recent epidemiologic information about inflammatory bowel disease in The Netherlands, a prospective study over four years (1991-1995) was performed. METHODS: The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease and its subgroups was examined using standardized reports of newly diagnosed patients. A separate study compared the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Registration and computerized diagnostic files of a subgroup of general practitioners with the aim of estimating completeness of case ascertainment. RESULTS: The following mean incidence rates (per 100,000 inhabitants and year) were found: 6.9 (95 percent confidence interval, 5.9-7.9) for Crohn's disease, 10 (95 percent confidence interval, 8.7-11.2) for ulcerative colitis (23 percent of these with ulcerative proctitis), and 1.1 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.7-1.5) for indeterminate colitis. In the age category 20 to 29 years, the incidence rate of Crohn's disease with small-bowel involvement was higher in females than in males. In extended ulcerative colitis, a male preponderance was observed in the older age groups. Estimated case ascertainment was 78 percent. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with recent studies in neighboring countries, the observed age and gender standardized incidence rates are high in the south of The Netherlands. Completeness of case ascertainment might have contributed to this observation; however, case ascertainment was low in ulcerative proctitis. In the study area, differences in age and gender standardized incidence rates and in disease localizations could be compatible with an influence of environmental risk factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Towards interbreed IBD fine mapping of the mh locus: double-muscling in the Asturiana de los Valles breed involves the same locus as in the Belgian Blue cattle breed.

The Spanish "Asturiana" cattle breed is characterized by the segregation of a genetically determined muscular hypertrophy referred to as double-muscling or "culones". We demonstrate by linkage analysis that this muscular hypertrophy involves the mh locus previously shown to cause double-muscling in the Belgian Blue cattle breed, pointing towards locus homogeneity of this trait across both breeds. Moreover, using a twopoint and multipoint maximum likelihood approach, we show that flanking microsatellite markers are in linkage disequilibrium with the mh locus in both breeds albeit with different alleles. Finally, we discuss how allelic homogeneity across breeds might be exploited to achieve efficient genetic fine-mapping of the mh locus.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Cellular and molecular mechanisms of the epithelial repair in IBD.

Inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease frequently cause epithelial damage in the intestine. In general, the intestinal epithelium is able to rapidly repair itself by the restitution, proliferation, and differentiation of epithelial cells when such tissue damage occurs. However, severe and continuous inflammation could disturb the intrinsic repair system, resulting in refractory ulcers in the intestine. In this review, we will describe the recent findings of the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating the regeneration process of the intestinal epithelium. Furthermore, we will propose bone marrow cells as a novel source of cells to regenerate the damaged intestinal epithelium. Bone marrow cells are the only cells of extra-gastrointestinal origin that are shown to contribute to the regeneration of the intestinal epithelium. Further studies of these cells and molecules may lead to a novel therapy for the repair of damaged intestinal epithelium.

Bone Marrow Cells↗
PubMed2004

Epidemiology of IBD during the twentieth century: an integrated view.

Current incidence figures on ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease--presented in a recent multicenter study in Europe--are given, and differences in the frequency and clinical appearances of the two conditions are discussed. Trends in the frequency and clinical appearance of inflammatory bowel disease during the twentieth century are summarized, as well as the differences over time and from place to place. Correlations between age, sex, localization of disease and clinical symptoms are given. Risk of progression to more extensive disease in patients with proctitis is shown. Incidences of inflammatory bowel disease in childhood and among migrated ethnic groups are discussed. Survival and cancer risk among patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are shown from long-term clinical epidemiological studies of well-defined patient groups. Trends in these important prognostic parameters over time are shown, as well as factors influencing prognosis of the diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Tobacco and IBD: relevance in the understanding of disease mechanisms and clinical practice.

Current smoking protects against ulcerative colitis and, after onset of the disease, improves its course, decreasing the need for colectomy. However, smoking increases the risk of developing Crohn's disease and worsens its course, increasing the need for steroids, immunosuppressants and reoperations. Smoking cessation aggravates ulcerative colitis and improves Crohn's disease. The effects of smoking are the sum of contradictory effects of various substances, including nicotine and carbon monoxide, and are modulated by gender, genetic background, disease location and activity, cigarette dose and nicotine concentration. Smokers with ulcerative colitis should not be discouraged from stopping smoking but encouraged to stop, to reduce their risk of cardiopulmonary tobacco-related diseases. In Crohn's disease, smoking cessation has become a major therapeutic goal, particularly in young women and in patients with ileal involvement. A large amount of supportive information, use of nicotine-replacement therapies and antidepressants, and individual counselling might aid the patient in quitting.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed2004

The contribution of HLA genes to IBD susceptibility and phenotype.

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region located on chromosome 6p encodes the highly polymorphic, classical class I and II genes essential for normal lymphocyte function; it also encodes a further 224 genes. Many early studies investigating this region were limited by small sample size, poor statistical methodology, population stratification and variable disease definition. Although more recent studies have improved study design, investigators are still challenged by the complex patterns of linkage disequilibrium across this gene-dense region, and by the disease heterogeneity characteristic of all genetically complex disorders. However, a number of important observations have emerged from recent studies: (1) the HLA harbours gene(s) that determine susceptibility to colonic inflammation in both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD); (2) most of the specific associations with UC and CD appear to differ; (3) associations between different ethnic groups differ; (4) markers in the HLA might predict the course of disease and the development of complications, notably the extraintestinal manifestations of disease.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed2004

Efficacy of conventional immunosuppressive drugs in IBD.

The introduction and rapid diffusion of biological agents in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease had led us to believe that the old immunosuppressive drugs were destined to disappear. However, despite a decade of clinical experience in the use of biological agents, the old immunosuppressive drugs continue to play a pivotal role in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Various factors may account for this change of view. Aim of the present review was to summarise key information currently available regarding the use of immunosuppressive drugs in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

Azathioprine↗
PubMed2006

Toxicity of 6-thioguanine: no hepatotoxicity in a series of IBD patients treated with long-term, low dose 6-thioguanine. Some evidence for dose or metabolite level dependent effects?

BACKGROUND: 6-Thioguanine is used in inflammatory bowel disease since 2001, with promising short-term results. In 2003, liver histology of some 6-thioguanine treated patients showed nodular regenerative hyperplasia. Recently, magnetic resonance imaging revealed nodular regenerative hyperplasia in patients with normal histology. AIMS: Investigating the presence of nodular regenerative hyperplasia in long-term 6-thioguanine treated patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Inflammatory bowel disease patients, using 6-thioguanine minimally 24 months, were asked to undergo liver biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Fourteen patients used 6-thioguanine minimally 24 months, 13 participated. Mean 6-thioguanine therapy duration, daily dose and 6-thioguanine nucleotide levels were: 36 months, 18.8 mg (0.28 mg/kg) and 705 pmol/8x10(8) erythrocytes, respectively. Liver histology and magnetic resonance imaging showed no nodular regenerative hyperplasia. DISCUSSION: Liver biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging showed no nodular regenerative hyperplasia in these long-term 6-thioguanine treated inflammatory bowel disease patients. 6-thioguanine dose and metabolite levels were lower compared with previous nodular regenerative hyperplasia reports, suggesting dose or metabolite level-dependent effects. Otherwise, nodular regenerative hyperplasia is related with inflammatory bowel disease itself and immunosuppressives, including azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine. CONCLUSION: 6-Thioguanine is debated due to nodular regenerative hyperplasia. We found no nodular regenerative hyperplasia in inflammatory bowel disease patients with long-term, low dosed 6-thioguanine, suggesting metabolite level-dependent effects. Therefore, 6-thioguanine still seems useful, but in selected patients, intolerant for other immunosuppressives, low dosed and under close surveillance of metabolite levels and hepatotoxity.

Adult↗