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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Nutritional impact of intestinal helminthiasis during the human life cycle.

Poor people in developing countries endure the burden of disease caused by four common species of soil-transmitted nematode that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract. Disease accompanying these infections is manifested mainly as nutritional disturbance, with the differing infections having their deleterious effects at different phases during the human life cycle. Reduced food intake, impaired digestion, malabsorption, and poor growth rate are frequently observed in children suffering from ascariasis and trichuriasis. Poor iron status and iron deficiency anemia are the hallmarks of hookworm disease. The course and outcome of pregnancy, growth, and development during childhood and the extent of worker productivity are diminished during hookworm disease. Less is known about the impact of these infections in children under 2 years of age. The severity of disease caused by soil-transmitted nematodes has consistently been found to depend on the number of worms present per person. Cost-effective measures based on highly efficacious anthelminthic drugs are now available to reduce and control disease caused by these infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Recall of intestinal helminthiasis by HIV-infected South Africans and avoidance of possible misinterpretation of egg excretion in worm/HIV co-infection analyses.

BACKGROUND: Ascariasis and HIV/AIDS are often co-endemic under conditions of poverty in South Africa; and discordant immune responses to the respective infections could theoretically be affecting the epidemic of HIV/AIDS in various ways. It is well-known that sensitisation to helminthic antigens can aggravate or ameliorate several non-helminthic diseases and impair immunisation against cholera, tetanus and tuberculosis. The human genotype can influence immune responses to Ascaris strongly. With these factors in mind, we have started to document the extent of long-term exposure to Ascaris and other helminths in a community where HIV/AIDS is highly prevalent. In more advanced studies, objectives are to analyse relevant immunological variables (e.g. cytokine activity and immunoglobulin levels). We postulate that when Ascaris is hyperendemic, analysis of possible consequences of co-infection by HIV cannot be based primarily on excretion vs non-excretion of eggs. METHODS: Recall of worms seen in faeces was documented in relation to the age of adult volunteers who were either seropositive (n = 170) or seronegative (n = 65) for HIV. Reasons for HIV testing, deworming treatments used or not used, date and place of birth, and duration of residence in Cape Town, were recorded. Confidence intervals were calculated both for group percentages and the inter-group differences, and were used to make statistical comparisons. RESULTS: In both groups, more than 70% of participants were aware of having passed worms, often both when a child and as an adult. Most of the descriptions fitted Ascaris. Evidence for significantly prolonged exposure to helminthic infection in HIV-positives was supported by more recall of deworming treatment in this group (p < 0.05). Over 90% of the participants had moved to the city from rural areas. CONCLUSION: There was a long-term history of ascariasis (and probably other helminthic infections) in both of the groups that were studied. In women in the same community, and in children living where housing and sanitation are better, Ascaris sero-prevalence exceeded egg-prevalence by two- and three-fold, respectively. For ongoing and future analyses of possible consequences of co-infection by Ascaris (and/or other helminths) and HIV/AIDS (and/or other bystander conditions), comparisons must be based mainly on disease-related immunological variables. Especially in adults, comparisons cannot be based only on the presence or absence of eggs in excreta.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Participant survey in the intervention of intestinal helminthiasis transmission (satellite city of Paranoá -- Federal District].

This work was developed in the Paranoá city town of the Federal District of Brazil. It used techniques of participative research with the aim of reducing intestinal helminths transmission in a group of children at nutritional risk. The family nucleus, that is, parents, children and other relatives living together in the same house, was used as reference for this research. All steps of the work were followed simultaneously by technical and educative actions. The technical actions were related to faecal examinations and medication. The educative process, stimulated critical analysis and reflections on the central problem and life conditions, with a strong focus on Health Promotion to improve life quality, as well as an empowerment process. During the work development, of the action program included the following steps: home visits, interviews, group meetings, feedback on the faeces examinations results and treatment. An evaluation of the final results was made through quantitative and qualitative methods, which showed the construction, acquisition and socialisation of knowledge.

Brazil↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevalence of intestinal helminthiasis in 100 municipalities in Venezuela (1989-1992)].

A total of 113,254 individuals from 100 venezuelan municipalities were studied by mean of Kato-Katz coprological examination and the geohelminth prevalences were established. The national prevalences of T. trichiura, A. lumbricoides and Anquilostomideos were 32.6%, 26.9% and 5.6% respectively+. For T. trichiura the highest values were obtained for the following municipalities: Arévalo González (54.6%) in Miranda state, Urama (76.9%) in Carabobo state and Punta de Piedra (78.4%) in Sucre state. For A. lumbricoides the highest values were determined in Punta de Piedra (63%), Tunapuy (61.9%) in Sucre state and Arévalo González (62.7%) in Miranda state. For hookworm the highest values were detected in El Amparo (39.5%) and San Camilo (35.9%) in the state of Apure. In relation to the age, the highest prevalence of Ascariosis and Trichuriosis were determined in pre-school and school children and for hookworm in adolescents and adults. A high variability between the municipalities belonging to the same state for the three geohelminths was observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intestinal helminthiasis and anaemia in youngsters from Matriz da Luz, district of São Lourenço da Mata, state of Pernambuco, Brazil.

A group of youngsters (4-18 years old) in northeast Brazil was studied to establish the prevalence of anaemia and intestinal parasitism, as well as to analyze the correlation between them. Two criteria were used to determine the state of anaemia, the level of haemoglobin and the mean of corpuscular volume. The first was considered a single criterion and the second an associated criteria, used in an attempt to correlate anaemia with iron deficiency. The prevalence of intestinal parasitism was 93%, while the prevalence of anaemia was 43.1% and 16.1% according to the criteria employed (single or associated respectively). Anaemia was significantly associated with both sex and age. No significant statistical difference was observed when the association was made between each parasite and anaemia even with those more related to anaemia.

Adolescent↗