Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “HYPOGASTRIC PLEXUS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The pelvic plexus: innervation of pelvic and extrapelvic visceral tissues.

The pelvic plexus is an association of neurons that govern visceral tissues involved in eliminative and reproductive functions. It is the singular site in the autonomic nervous system where sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons occur in the same ganglia. Within the plexus, ganglia are not randomly positioned; sympathetic neurons tend to occur more ventrally while parasympathetic neurons are located more dorsally, both in accordance with the location of their target tissues and the entry point of their corresponding preganglionic nerve tracts. For example, the vas deferens and seminal vesicle are ventral in position and thus are innervated by more ventrally located pelvic neurons. Neurochemical studies of pelvic ganglia indicate that there are some characteristic associations of putative neurotransmitters which are based on target organ distribution and in part, dictated by the variety of target tissues within each organ. Penile neurons comprise a uniform population in that they are cholinergic and also may release vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and nitric oxide. In contrast, target tissues of the internal genitalia are more diverse, requiring adrenergic and nonadrenergic innervation and a complementary neuropeptide. Preganglionic innervation may also be coded and although sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers are cholinergic, they may differ in respect to neuropeptides and nitric oxide. Sensory neuron collaterals may also influence principal neurons as do intrinsic neurons such as small intensely fluorescent cells. Transmission through pelvic ganglia may be simple as is apparent in penile innervation, or shows a greater integrative capacity, as exemplified by the innervation of the urinary bladder. The extent of interaction of sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways at the level of the pelvic plexus remains largely unknown.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Pharmacological comparison of P2X receptors on rat coeliac, mouse coeliac and mouse pelvic ganglion neurons.

Characteristics of P2X receptors on neurons of the rat coeliac, mouse coeliac and mouse pelvic ganglia have been studied using the whole cell voltage-clamp technique. Fast application of ATP (100 microM) on to isolated neurons voltage clamped at -70 mV induced a slowly desensitising inward current in 96% of the cells tested. Concentration-response curves for ATP yielded EC50 values of 86 microM, 64 microM and 123 microM, for rat coeliac, mouse coeliac and mouse pelvic ganglion neurons, respectively, while alpha,beta-methylene ATP was inactive. The response to ATP was antagonised by suramin, Cibacron blue and pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulphonic acid (PPADS). The potency of ATP was increased by extracellular acidification and by co-application of micromolar concentrations of Zn2+, while raising pH decreased it. On rat coeliac ganglion neurons, the EC50 values for ATP were 35 microM and 253 microM at pH 6.8 and 8.0, respectively. On mouse coeliac and pelvic ganglion neurons, altering the pH produced comparable changes. In conclusion, our results indicate that, in contrast to the guinea-pig coeliac ganglion, the characteristics of the P2X receptors present on rat coeliac, mouse coeliac and mouse pelvic ganglia are all identical to those present on rat pelvic ganglion, i.e. they are homomeric P2X2 receptors, or heteromultimers with P2X2 being the dominant subunit.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1998

Characterisation of the adventitial rectal ganglia in the male rat by their immunohistochemical features and projections.

In recent years, considerable progress has been made in characterising the neural circuitry of the pelvic plexus, particularly in the male rat. However, the small ganglia on the adventitial surface of the rectum remain largely unstudied. We have used immunohistochemistry and retrograde tracing techniques to determine the content and projections of these neurons. The adventitial ganglia contain 600-1,000 neurons. All of these are immunoreactive for choline acetyltransferase, 44% are immunoreactive for calbindin, and 35% are immunoreactive for vasoactive intestinal peptide. Very few (1-5%) adventitial neurons contain tyrosine hydroxylase or neuropeptide Y. In contrast, most adventitial neurons are surrounded by varicose axons that do contain tyrosine hydroxylase or neuropeptide Y. Retrograde tracing studies showed that the primary targets of adventitial neurons within the bowel are the internal anal sphincter and the circular muscle directly adjacent to the sphincter. However, more adventitial neurons project out of the gut wall than to targets within the bowel. These are most likely to be viscerofugal and rectospinal neurons. Combining the immunohistochemical and tracing observations, these studies suggest that the rat adventitial ganglia do not represent an additional source of pelvic (autonomic postganglionic) neurons but, instead, that they are comprised primarily of viscerofugal and rectospinal neurons. This is very different from the adventitial rectal ganglia of the cat, which represent merely an extension of the pelvic plexus.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Examination of nodal metastases by a clearing method supports pelvic plexus preservation in rectal cancer surgery.

PURPOSE: In rectal cancer surgery preservation of urinary and sexual function is attempted by means of operations preserving the autonomic nerves of the pelvic plexus. Emergence of residual cancer because of a more shallow plane of dissection is a problem of concern with these methods, so we examined indications for pelvic plexus preservation. METHODS: We studied 198 patients with rectal carcinoma who underwent abdominopelvic lymphadenectomy. Lymph nodes along the superior hemorrhoidal artery and middle hemorrhoidal artery medial to the pelvic plexus were defined as perirectal nodes, and nodes along the middle hemorrhoidal artery lateral to the pelvic plexus and along the internal iliac artery represented lateral intermediate nodes. Node metastases were examined by the clearing method. RESULTS: Metastasis to perirectal nodes occurred in 12.5 percent in patients with pT1 tumors, 28.9 percent of those with pT2 tumors, and 50.0 percent of those with rectosigmoid junctional cancer. Metastasis to lateral intermediate nodes was absent in patients with pT1 or pT2 tumors and was as low as 2.5 percent in patients with rectosigmoid junctional cancer. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with T1, T2, and rectosigmoid junctional cancer, perirectal node dissection is necessary, but chances of residual cancer should remain minimal when the pelvic plexus is preserved.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Morphostructure and topography of the pelvic plexus in the sheep, with particular consideration of the hypogastric nerve.

The anatomical structure and topography of the pelvic plexus were studied in 16 bodies of sheep of both sexes (9 males and 7 females). The studies showed that this plexus originates from sympathetic fibres running from the L3-L7 and S1-S4 ganglia of the lumbosacral section of the sympathetic trunk and parasympathetic fibres (S2-S4) given off by the abdominal branches of the sacral spinal nerves. Distinct individual differences were found in its structure and topography, especially as regards the vegetative ganglia, which are not a constant element of the plexus and show variations. This has provided a basis for the differentiation of two anatomical types of plexus: I, the ganglionic, appearing in 68.7% of specimens and II, the non-ganglionic, present in only 31.2% of specimens.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

A series of 146 peripheral non-neural sheath nerve tumors: 30-year experience at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center.

OBJECT: This is a retrospective review of 146 surgically treated benign and malignant peripheral non-neural sheath tumors (PNNSTs). Tumor classifications with patient numbers, locations of benign PNNSTs, and surgical techniques and adjunctive treatments are presented. The results of a literature review regarding tumor frequencies are presented. METHODS: One hundred forty-six patients with 111 benign and 35 malignant PNNSTs were treated between 1969 and 1999 at the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC). The benign tumors included 33 ganglion cysts, 16 cases of localized hypertrophic neuropathy, 12 lipomas, 12 tumors of vascular origin, and 11 desmoid tumors. There were four each of lipofibrohamartomas, myositis ossificans, osteochondromas, and ganglioneuromas; two each of meningiomas, cystic hygromas, myoblastoma or granular cell tumors, triton tumors, and lymphangiomas; and one epidermoid cyst. The locations of benign PNNSTs were the following: 33 in the brachial plexus region, 39 in an upper extremity, one in the pelvic plexus, and 38 in a lower extremity. The malignant PNNSTs included 35 surgically treated carcinomas, 15 of which originated in the breast and nine in the lung. There were two melanomas metastatic to nerve and one tumor each that had metastasized from the bladder, rectum, skin, head and neck, and thyroid, and from a primary Ewing sarcoma. There was a single lymphoma that had metastasized to the radial nerve and one chordoma and one osteosarcoma, each of which had metastasized to the brachial plexus. CONCLUSIONS: There were more benign PNNSTs than malignant ones. Benign tumors were relatively equally distributed in the brachial plexus region and upper and lower extremities, with the exception of the pelvic plexus, which had only one tumor.

Academic Medical Centers↗