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PubMed2003

Hepatocellular apoptosis after hepatectomy in obstructive jaundice in rats.

AIM: To investigate the hepatocellular apoptosis after hepatectomy in obstructive jaundice and biliary decompression rats. METHODS: After bile duct ligation for 7 days, rats were randomly divided into OB group in which the rats underwent 70% hepatectomy, OB-CD group in which the rats underwent hepatectomy accompanied by choledochoduodenostomy, CD-Hx group in which the rats underwent choledochoduodenostomy and then received 70% hepatectomy on the fifth day after biliary decompression. The control group (Hx group) only underwent hepatectomy. RESULTS: The level of total serum bilirubin and serum enzymes was significantly lower in CD-Hx group than in OB-CD and OB groups on day 1, 3 and 5 after hepatectomy. The apoptotic index was significantly lower in CD-Hx group than in OB-CD and OB groups on day 3 and 5. The oligonucleosomal DNA fragments and Caspase-3 activity were also lower in CD-Hx group than in OB-CD and OB groups 3 days after hepatectomy, without differences between CD-Hx and Hx groups. CONCLUSION: Hepatocellular apoptosis plays vital roles in jaundice rats, and biliary decompression is more effective in treatment of patients with severe jaundice before operation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of liver metastases with moderate peritoneal carcinomatosis by hepatectomy and cytoreductive surgery followed by immediate post-operative intraperitoneal chemotherapy: feasibility and preliminary results.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) discovered during hepatectomy is usually a contraindication to resection. A potentially efficient treatment of PC is the resection of the macroscopic disease and the treatment of the residual microscopic disease with immediate post-operative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPIC) (before the entrapment of cancer cells inside the fibrin deposit which rapidly cover the injured tissues). Feasibility and survival results of this treatment, combined with major hepatectomy, have never been evaluated. The purpose of this study is to report tolerance and preliminary results in patients with liver metastases synchronous to moderate PC, treated with hepatectomy, complete cytoreductive surgery, and IPIC. METHODOLOGY: Twelve patients with liver metastases and moderate PC from miscellaneous origins, underwent: 1) hepatectomy (9 of them were major hepatectomies); 2) complete cytoreductive surgery of the PC resecting between 20 and 150 nodules; and, 3) IPIC, for 5 days, according to histology. RESULTS: There was no mortality. Morbidity was mainly due to four transient biliary leakages (33%) and there was no systemic complication due to the chemotherapy. After a median follow-up of 14.4 months, there was no detectable recurrence of the PC. Preliminary results concerning survival are promising with 7 patients without recurrent disease. CONCLUSIONS: When a minimal or moderate PC is discovered during laparotomy for liver resection of metastases, the combination of hepatectomy with complete cytoreductive surgery of the peritoneal disease, followed with IPIC is logical and feasible. This aggressive treatment is well tolerated although the frequency of biliary leakage seems to be higher than that after standard hepatectomy. No recurrence of the peritoneal disease was detected and survival results are very promising.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy after radical hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma--results of long-term follow-up.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This clinical study aimed to clarify the effectiveness and indication of adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) that is performed to prevent recurrence after radical hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODOLOGY: From January 1986 to December 1992, 135 HCC patients, who tolerated curative hepatic resection in which all of the macroscopic HCC was removed, were included in this study. They were divided into two groups. One group was comprised of 68 patients who received HAIC after radical hepatectomy (HAIC (+) group), and the other group was comprised of 67 patients who received radical hepatectomy alone (HAIC (-) group). In the HAIC (+) group, an emulsion of doxorubicin (30-50 mg) and lipiodol (3-5 ml) was injected from a reservoir every 2 or 3 months for 1 year. RESULTS: The cumulative survival rates in the HAIC (+) group (79.1%, 54.5% and 39.9% at 3, 5, and 7 years after hepatectomy, respectively) were better than those in the HAIC (-) group (69.2%, 38.1% and 26.8%, respectively) (p = 0.086). The disease-free survival rates in the HAIC (+) group (50.8%, 31.7% and 25.6% at 3, 5, and 7 years after hepatectomy, respectively) were significantly better than those in the HAIC (-) group (25.7%, 20.6% and 6.4%, respectively) (p = 0.006). This improvement was evident for 3 years after hepatectomy. The adjuvant HAIC was effective especially in patients with good liver function, whose tumor size ranged between 2.1 cm and 5 cm in diameter, and who received a minor hepatic resection. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant HAIC was effective in preventing recurrence after radical hepatectomy for HCC. This treatment is especially indicated for patients with good liver function, whose tumor size ranges between 2.1 cm and 5 cm in diameter, and who have received a minor hepatic resection.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Splenic arterial ligation prevents liver injury after a major hepatectomy by a reduction of surplus portal hypertension in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with cirrhosis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In this study, we investigated whether a reduction of surplus portal hypertension after a major hepatectomy by SPL (splenic arterial ligation) prevents a liver injury in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODOLOGY: Six hepatocellular carcinoma patients (SPL group) with liver cirrhosis (67 +/- 10 years old, ICGR15: 21.0 +/- 9.8%, T.Bil: 1.1 +/- 1.2 mg/dL) underwent major hepatectomy with splenic arterial ligation in order to reduce excessive portal hypertension after hepatectomy from 1998 to 2000, July. The patients (n = 15, 60 +/- 9 years old, ICGR15: 11.5 +/- 5.9%, T.Bil: 0.66 +/- 0.15 mg/dL) who underwent liver resection above subsegmentectomy in the same period (control group) served as the control for SPL group. RESULTS: In the SPL group, the portal pressures before hepatectomy were 26 +/- 7 cm H2O and those after hepatectomy were 29 +/- 6 cm H2O. The portal pressure after splenic arterial ligation decreased to 24.5 +/- 6.3 cm H2O. The splenic tissue blood flows before SPL were 16.8 +/- 5.6 mL/min/100 g, while those after SPL were 7.2 +/- 2.2 mL/min/100 g. The portal pressures before hepatectomy were 17 +/- 2 cm H2O and those after hepatectomy were 19 +/- 2 cm H2O in the six control patients. At the peak levels of liver function after surgery, T.Bil was 2.6 +/- 1.5 mg/dL, GOT was 165 +/- 59 IU/L, and GPT was 107 +/- 49 IU/L. All patients could discharge without complications except for one case with bile leakage in SPL. At the peak levels of liver function in control group, T.Bil was 3.7 +/- 1.9 mg/dL, GOT was 404 +/- 227 IU/L, and GPT was 322 +/- 171 IU/L. At the peak levels of liver function after surgery, T.Bil was 3.4 +/- 1.3 mg/dL, GOT was 398 +/- 289 IU/L, and GPT was 319 +/- 220 IU/L. Conversely, there were 11 episodes of complications (11/15), including two cases of hospital death resulting from liver failure in patients who underwent right lobectomy, in the control patients. CONCLUSIONS: The decompression of surplus portal hypertension by SPL might be effective in the prevention of post hepatectomized liver injury and the improvement of postoperative mortality and morbidity.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Feasibility of reinstitution of CAPD after partial hepatectomy in patients with malignant hepatic tumors.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of reinstitution of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in patients with malignant hepatic tumors after partial hepatectomy. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of 2 CAPD patients. SETTING: Dialysis unit of a university teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Two CAPD patients with malignant hepatic tumors who had undergone partial hepatectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum biochemistry, Kt/V, peritoneal equilibration test (PET) results before and after hepatectomy. RESULTS: One patient was able to resume CAPD 4 weeks after partial hepatectomy. The other patient was successfully resumed on CAPD after resting the peritoneum for 3 months following partial hepatectomy. The serum biochemistry, Kt/V, and PET results of the 2 patients did not change significantly before and after partial hepatectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Reinstitution of CAPD after partial hepatectomy in patients with malignant hepatic tumors is feasible.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Effects of preoperative transcatheter portal embolization (TPE) on prevention of hepatic failure after massive hepatectomy].

Effects of TPE on prevention of hepatic failure after massive hepatectomy were studied experimentally using dogs. A 70% or 85% hepatectomy (Hx) was performed two weeks after TPE. All of the 70%Hx groups with(+)/without(-) TPE were alive for over two weeks after hepatectomy. While all of the 85%Hx group without TPE died, eight of ten in the 85%Hx group with TPE survived. Without TPE, total bilirubin levels in sera were elevated markedly in the 85%Hx group and moderately in the 70%Hx group after hepatectomy. The levels of escaped enzymes in sera, such as GOT or GPT, were also elevated remarkably in the TPE(-) groups. Although the levels of these enzymes were also high in the 85%Hx.TPE(+) group, these values were as same as those of 70%Hx.TPE(-) group. In the 85%Hx.TPE(-) group, critical diminution of functional hepatic cell mass and severe portal hypertension occurred after hepatectomy and coagulopathy and death followed to these phenomena. TPE might prevent the onset of these critical phenomena, and diminish the damage caused by massive hepatectomy. These results suggest that TPE is useful for prevention of postoperative hepatic failure so that we could perform massive hepatectomy safely, and extend the operative indication.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors for postoperative liver failure after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Selection of patients for hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma conventionally has been based upon Child-Pugh grading. However, postoperative liver failure after hepatectomy is a major cause of hospital mortality. A new predictor of postoperative liver failure is required. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for postoperative liver failure after hepatectomy. METHODOLOGY: Perioperative risk factors for liver failure after hepatectomy were analyzed in 112 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma Eight of these patients died of liver failure. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression was performed to investigate significant independent factors among 17 variables, including the serum alkaline phosphatase ratio (ALPR) on the first day after hepatectomy. ALPR was calculated as the postoperative ALP level divided by the ALP level before surgery. RESULTS: Significant risk factors of postoperative liver failure were ALPR on postoperative day 1 (ALPR1), sex, operative blood loss, and operative procedure. As an indicator of liver failure, the diagnostic accuracy of the ALPR1 was 93.7% when the ALPR was less than 0.4 on the first postoperative day. The ALPR and the serum total bilirubin concentration after hepatectomy were uncorrelated. CONCLUSIONS: ALPR1 is a useful predictor of liver failure after hepatectomy.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative analysis of postoperative morbidity according to type and extent of hepatectomy.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of our retrospective study was to compare the factors contributing to postoperative complications according to the extent of hepatectomy. METHODOLOGY: We examined 166 patients with hepatobiliary carcinoma who underwent hepatectomy. Patients were divided into three groups according to the type and extent of hepatectomy: 1) left lobectomy (n=27), 2) right lobectomy or posterior segmentectomy (n=55) and 3) other hepatectomies (n=84). Patient demographics, major complications (infection, ascites, pleural effusion, atelectasis, static symptoms of the stomach, biliary leakage and hepatic failure) after hepatectomy were analyzed. RESULTS: In patients with obstructive jaundice, lobectomy was the most commonly performed operation due to the extent of tumor along the main hepatic duct. Prolonged ascites or massive pleural effusion was frequently observed after right lobectomy (p=0.001) and posterior segmentectomy (p=0.002). However, the incidences of these complications were similar in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Symptoms related to gastric stasis and biliary leakage were significantly more common after left lobectomy than other surgeries. The incidence of hepatic failure was higher (p<0.05) after major hepatectomy, particularly right lobectomy, than other surgeries. CONCLUSIONS: Our results emphasize the need to understand characteristics of specific complications occurring after different types of hepatic resection surgery to prevent post-hepatectomy complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of administration of fibronectin or aprotinin on liver regeneration after experimental hepatectomy.

Following 70% hepatectomy, male Sprague-Dawley strain rats were given purified human plasma fibronectin and/or aprotinin intraperitoneally after hepatectomy and were divided into 4 groups: Group FA (40 mg/kg of FN and 25,000 KIU/kg of aprotinin), Group F (40 mg/kg of fibronectin), Group A (25,000 KIU/kg of aprotinin), and Group C which served as a control. The liver regeneration rate 72 hours after hepatectomy in Groups FA and F, and the plasma FN levels at 24 and 72 hours following hepatectomy in groups with FN, were significantly higher than that of the control group. The incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA and the phagocytic index of the reticuloendothelial system at 24 hours in Groups FA and F, and the mitotic index at 72 hours after hepatectomy in Group FA were significantly increased as compared to the control. But the supplementation of 20 mg/kg of indomethacin to the 4 groups resulted in significant suppression of 3H-thymidine uptake 24 hours after hepatectomy. Moreover, plasma fibronectin levels in rats correlated well with the phagocytic index and DNA synthesis 24 hours following partial hepatectomy. These results suggest that fibronectin may act as an activator of the reticuloendothelial system, related to prostaglandins, in the process of liver regeneration.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Effects of sublethal endotoxemia to the hepatic reticuloendothelial system after massive hepatectomy].

Sublethal doses (1mg/kg) of endotoxin (ET) were intravenously administered on the first, third and fifth days after 34%, 70%, and 84% hepatectomies in rats. The same hepatectomy groups of rats without ET administration were made. Survival rates, distribution of Kupffer cells (Kc), regeneration rate of the liver weight, carbon clearance test (K value) and PTAH staining were compared between ET treated and untreated groups. Survival rates of 84% hepatectomy rats with ET injection on the 3rd postoperative day (POD) was significantly lower than those of 70% hepatectomy rats with ET on the 1st or 3rd POD. ET activated reticuloendothelial function of the non-hepatectomized and 34% hepatectomy rats, but reduced the number of the Kc in the central zone, especially in 84% hepatectomized rats. K values and the number of Kc in the central zone showed a good correlationship (r = 0.9) after 70% and 84% hepatectomies. Patchy hepatic necrosis and fibrin clots were observed histologically in the liver, kidney and spleen of rats died after ET administration. In conclusion, sublethal endotoxemia reduces the function and number of Kupffer cells in the regenerating liver and causes postoperative death in the rats with massive hepatectomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Experimental study of hepatic hemodynamics and hepatic oxygen consumption after hepatectomy].

This study was undertaken in order to clarify the hepatic hemodynamics and hepatic oxygen consumption in the remaining liver after 30% and 70% hepatectomy using adult mongrel dogs and moreover was investigated the improving effect of drugs (dobutamine (DOB), dopamine (DA), dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBcAMP) and SS-094) after hepatectomy. The hepatic blood flow after hepatectomy decreased depending on the percentage of the liver resected but the hepatic blood flow per unit liver weight increased. The hepatic oxygen consumption also decreased but the hepatic oxygen consumption per unit liver weight increased, particularly after massive hepatectomy, resulting in the elevation of hepatic oxygen extraction ratio. And the uptake of lactate per unit liver weight decreased after massive hepatectomy. The administration of DOB, DA, DBcAMP and SS-094 after massive hepatectomy increased the hepatic arterial flow and portal venous flow and as a result the hepatic oxygen delivery was increased. The improvement of hepatic hemodynamics resulted in normalizing of the relation between hepatic oxygen demand and supply, and improvement of the uptake of lactate in the remaining liver. Therefore it was considered that those drugs favored the remaining hepatic hemodynamics and metabolisms after massive hepatectomy.

Actihaemyl↗
PubMed1995

Nitric oxide is released in regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy.

The induction of hepatic nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the biosynthesis of nitric oxide (NO) were studied in liver after partial hepatectomy (PH). NOS activity in the liver remnant was observed 4 to 6 hours after PH, and no differences were evidenced between the proximal and distal surgical areas. The form of NOS expressed in liver was independent of calcium and calmodulin, and the messenger RNA levels were first detected 2 hours after hepatectomy using a probe corresponding to the cytokine-induced macrophage NOS. The seric concentration of nitrites remained unchanged after hepatectomy, whereas the content in nitrates and in S-nitrosylated proteins progressively increased in parallel with the NOS activity. The spectra of hemoglobin in the 400-to 460-nm region failed to exhibit the characteristic shift caused by the formation of the nitrosyl-hemoglobin complex, suggesting that NO was rapidly metabolized in liver. Treatment of the animals with substrate analogue NOS inhibitors blocked the pattern of DNA ploidy elicited after hepatectomy, suggesting a role for NO in the regenerative process. Peritoneal resident macrophages were used as an alternative reporter cell system for the assessment of NOS expression. Incubation ex vivo of peritoneal macrophages from animals that underwent hepatectomy induced the expression of NOS in a cytokine-modulated fashion, suggesting that macrophages were primed as a result of the hepatectomy. When peritoneal macrophages from control rats were incubated with the sera of animals that underwent hepatectomy, a time-dependent induction of NOS was observed, with a maximal induction corresponding to sera collected 2 hours after PH. These results indicate that NO might be involved in the control of early responses after PH.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1994

[Standardized hepatectomy. 18 cases operated in a peripheral hospital].

Hepatectomy has long been a formidable surgical procedure because the risk of hemorrhage it can involve. With a better understanding of hepatic anatomy, left hepatectomy, right hepatectomy and segmental hepatic resections have been standardized. Between January 1989 and December 1992, 18 hepatectomies were performed on 16 patients in the Department of Surgery, General Hospital, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland. The mean age of the patients was 65. The surgical indications were: hepatic metastases 11 (61%); gallbladder or biliary duct neoplasm 4 (22%); hydatic cyst 3 (17%). 11 segmental resection, 3 left hepatectomies, 2 right hepatectomies, 2 pericystectomies were performed. Blood loss during these operations averaged 2800 ml. Surgical complications appeared in 6 cases (hemorrhage 1, postoperative effusion 4, sepsis 1). One patient died within 30 days (mortality 5%). Hepatectomy is nowadays a safe procedure. It can be performed in a general hospital with a trained surgical team and an efficient intensive care unit.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Induction of metallothionein and its localization in the nucleus of rat hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy.

Metallothioneins, a group of cysteine-rich heavy-metal binding proteins, are induced in the regenerating rat liver in response to the stimuli evoked by partial hepatectomy. We have investigated the expression of metallothionein genes and proto-oncogenes (c-fos, c-jun and c-myc), as well as specific localization of metallothionein in the liver cells after partial hepatectomy. Metallothionein mRNA was detected as early as 3 hr and reached a maximal level by 6 hr. Expression of the proto-oncogenes apparently preceded the elevation of metallothionein protein because the latter was maximal 18 hr after partial hepatectomy, followed by a decrease until 70 hr. Hepatocytes of the intact rat liver have metallothionein in the cytoplasm only. Interestingly, metallothionein was localized predominantly in the nucleus as early as 6 hr after partial hepatectomy, and the staining intensity of metallothionein became maximal at 15 hr, followed by detection in both the cytoplasm and nucleus at 24 hr or longer. The use of a confocal laser scanning microscope with both tissue sections and isolated nuclei has clearly shown that metallothionein immunofluorescence exists inside hepatocyte nuclei after partial hepatectomy. Expression of the proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun is elevated after partial hepatectomy, and the resultant heterodimer of gene products may contribute to the observed metallothionein gene induction. However, the observation that metallothionein protein levels were elevated until 18 hr after partial hepatectomy suggests that an alternative pathway for the induction of metallothionein gene expression may also be present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of biliary obstruction on hepatic deoxyribonucleic acid and protein synthesis after partial hepatectomy.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Major hepatectomy for biliary malignancy associated with biliary obstruction is often complicated due to hepatic failure. To determine the effects of biliary obstruction on liver regeneration, hepatic deoxyribonucleic acid and protein synthesis after partial hepatectomy was studied in rats with pre-operative biliary obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After 5 or 14 days of biliary obstruction, experimental rats underwent concurrent biliary decompression and 70% partial hepatectomy. Control rats underwent partial hepatectomy alone. Hepatic deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis was determined 24 hours after partial hepatectomy. Hepatocellular protein synthesis and secretory protein synthesis were determined at baseline and 48 hours after partial hepatectomy. RESULTS: Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis was significantly depressed in rats with biliary obstruction compared with controls (p < 0.05). Baseline hepatocellular protein synthesis and secretory protein synthesis, especially secretory protein synthesis, increased in proportion to the duration of biliary obstruction (p < 0.01). After partial hepatectomy, control rats showed marked increases in hepatocellular protein synthesis and secretory protein synthesis (p < 0.01). Increased baseline hepatocellular protein synthesis and secretory protein synthesis were preserved in the regenerating liver of rats with biliary obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that biliary obstruction gives priority to secretory protein synthesis over DNA synthesis which may inhibit liver regeneration.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1976

The mechanism of impaired coagulation after partial hepatectomy in the dog.

Coagulation mechanisms were examined in the dog after a 70 per cent hepatectomy and the additional effect of varying periods of ischemia on the liver remnant. Dogs were submitted to a 70 per cent partial hepatectomy, and the liver remnant was rendered ischemic by occluding the vascular inflow. Portal decompression during ischemia was accomplished by allowing portal venous flow through the lobes subsequently resected. Dogs in the control group, those undergoing hepatectomy alone and those undergoing hepatectomy together with 60 minutes of ischemia time exhibited a fall in hemoglobin and hematocrit values, a transient leukocytosis, a small increase in kaolincephalin clotting time and a decline in platelet count but no significant thrombocytopenia. Prothrombin time was changed in dogs undergoing hepatectomy, but this was not affected by ischemia. The characteristic rise in plasma fibrinogen postoperatively was abolished, and fibrinogen levels were lower in dogs undergoing hepatectomy alone and fell significantly in dogs subjected to 30 to 60 minutes of ischemia of the liver remnant. Factors V and VII were decreased after hepatectomy, and Factor V was more severely reduced after 30 to 60 minutes of ischemia. There was no overt bleeding tendency. In ten dogs, the liver remnant was subjected to ischemia for 75 minutes. Four of these died within three days of operation, two with severe hypoglycemia and two with postoperative bleeding. All six surviving dogs exhibited gross coagulation defects. Prothrombin time rose, kaolin-cephalin clotting time increased and platelets fell to a greater degree than in any of the other dogs. Plasma fibrinogen level showed a profound fall, as did Factor V, the magnitude of these changes being greater than after a shorter period of ischemia. Factor VII was also decreased, but this did not appear to be related to the ischemic interval. In the clinical situation in which intrinsic coagulation mechanisms are shown to be impaired, treatment with Factor V and VII concentrates may be the best way of correcting the coagulation defect.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of prolactin and estrogen on cell proliferation of the mouse liver induced by partial hepatectomy.

Estrogen or prolactin suppresses mouse hepatocellular tumorigenesis induced by carcinogens through inhibition of the growth of preneoplastic hepatocytes. In the present study, we investigated whether estrogen or prolactin inhibits proliferation of normal hepatocytes as well as preneoplastic hepatocytes in mice. The proliferation of mouse hepatocytes was induced by partial hepatectomy, and DNA synthesis of the liver was evaluated by measurement of 5-[125I]iododeoxyuridine ([125I]IdUrd) uptake/mg liver DNA after an injection of [125I]IdUrd into mice. For acute treatment with estrogen or prolactin, estradiol-17 beta (E2) (1 micrograms) or ovine prolactin (140 micrograms) was injected into ovariectomized mice twice a day from the day of partial hepatectomy. For chronic treatment with estrogen, ovariectomized mice received implants of E2 pellets containing 100 micrograms E2 40 days before partial hepatectomy, and for chronic treatment with prolactin, hyperprolactinemia was induced by pituitary graft under the renal capsule of ovariectomized mice 40 days before partial hepatectomy or by daily injections of perphenazine (150 micrograms/day) beginning 40 days before partial hepatectomy. The acute treatment with either estrogen or prolactin did not affect the hepatocyte proliferation induced by partial hepatectomy. Chronic hyperprolactinemia induced by the pituitary graft or by injections of perphenazine, and the chronic treatment with E2 pellets did not suppress either basal or partial hepatectomy-induced proliferation of hepatocytes. The present results show that acute and chronic treatments with estrogen or prolactin do not inhibit proliferation of mouse normal hepatocytes, and suggest that the effects of estrogen and prolactin on proliferation of mouse hepatocytes are different from those on proliferation of preneoplastic hepatocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Superoxide generation in neutrophils from hepatic vein in patients undergoing hepatectomy.

The present study was carried out to determine whether neutrophils could be activated to increase superoxide and myeloperoxidase production during liver surgery in clinical settings. We measured superoxide production in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) obtained from the radial artery and hepatic vein during hepatectomy. We also determined plasma myeloperoxidase (MPO) as a marker of activation of the neutrophil. Blood samples were obtained from radial artery and from hepatic vein before operation and immediately after hepatectomy. Superoxide generation in PMNs from radial artery showed no significant change during hepatectomy, while oxidant generation in PMNs from hepatic vein increased after hepatectomy (from 40.5 +/- 4.20 to 44.8 +/- 4.80 nmol/10(6) cells/30 min; p < 0.05). MPO in the plasma obtained from hepatic vein also increased significantly after hepatectomy (from 166.6 +/- 23.0 to 225.4 +/- 26.2 micrograms/L; p < 0.05). The results show that neutrophils are activated locally in the liver for enhanced release of superoxide during hepatectomy, suggesting that these oxidant species may be involved in post hepatectomy liver damage.

Adult↗