Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Gravidity”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Fatal spontaneous rupture of a gravid uterus: case report and literature review of uterine rupture.

Spontaneous uterine rupture is a life-threatening obstetrical emergency encountered infrequently in the emergency department. The diagnosis of spontaneous uterine rupture is often missed or delayed, leading to maternal and fetal mortality. Emergency physicians must consider this diagnosis when presented with a pregnant patient in shock with abdominal pain. We present the case of a 38-year-old gravid female who presented to the emergency department in cardiac arrest 24 hours after an initial complaint of abdominal pain. We review the uterine rupture literature with specific focus on risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity of ultrasonic targeted imaging for fetal anomalies in gravid women at high risk for birth defects.

In this report the predictive value of ultrasonic targeted imaging for fetal anomalies (TIFFA) is defined. Six hundred fifteen pregnant women at high risk for birth defects were scanned from January, 1980, to December, 1983. Follow-up evaluation was available on 569 fetuses. The pregnancies were classified into five groups according to the indications used for ultrasonic targeted imaging studies. The largest number of women were placed in group 1 and were referred because of a variety of abnormalities in previous or ongoing pregnancies. The women classified in the other four groups were examined because of maternal or fetal reasons related to specific craniospinal (29%), urinary (7.9%), gastrointestinal (6.7%), and skeletal (3.7%) defects. In our series the predictive values of abnormal and normal ultrasonic targeted imaging studies were 95% and 99%, respectively. A detailed breakdown of the accuracy of ultrasonic targeted imaging in relation to each anatomic category is presented; these data are useful in counseling gravid women with anomalous fetuses.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1987

Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening. III. Pitfalls in evaluating black gravid women.

Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels are higher in black women. Misinterpretation of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening results can subject black gravid women to unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures and their calculable risks. Screening errors for black women can result from the use of normative data bases established with maternal serum samples drawn from other racial groups or the use of such data bases in conjunction with a published correction factor. Because the incidence of open neural tube defects is lower for blacks than for others, excessive false positive results for blacks (estimated to be 8817 to 28,215 cases annually) would be a pernicious misapplication of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening. We address the problem outlined above and recommend independently developed, valid, normative data bases.

Black People↗
PubMed1996

Nitric oxide synthase activity in the gravid rat uterus decreases a day before the onset of parturition.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the timing, tissue location, and isoform of the uterine nitric oxide synthase activity decrease at term in gravid rat uteri. STUDY DESIGN: Nitric oxide synthase specific activity was assayed in rat uteri 11 through 22 days' gestation by the difference in radiolabeled arginine to citrulline conversion with and without the cofactor reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Nitric oxide synthase isoform was assessed by calcium sensitivity and subcellular location. RESULTS: Rat uterine nitric oxide synthase activity decreased between days 15 and 21 of gestation but did not decrease further at term (day 22), before and after the onset of labor. Decidual nitric oxide synthase activity exceeded the myometrial activity at 15 days' gestation, but then the two were equal at 18 through 22 days' gestation. The nitric oxide synthase activity was calcium insensitive except for half the decidual cytosolic activity on day 15. CONCLUSION: The decrease in pregnant rat uterine nitric oxide synthase activity coincides with the preparation of the uterus for parturition rather than the final activation of labor.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

A five-year experience with fragile X screening of high-risk gravid women.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare our 5-year program of fragile X screening of high-risk gravid women with our program of fragile X testing of affected individuals (probands). STUDY DESIGN: All women referred to the prenatal genetics clinic from 1994 to 1998 who had a family history of unspecified mental retardation or learning or behavioral disorders (known fragile X families excluded) were offered fragile X screening. Results were compared with those of probands with the same diagnoses who underwent fragile X testing during the same time period. RESULTS: We counseled 12,349 prenatal patients from 1994-1998, of whom 263 (2.1%) had a positive family history and underwent fragile X screening. No mutations or premutations were identified. In contrast, 31 (1.9%) of 1637 affected probands who underwent fragile X testing during the same time period had positive results, which was a significant difference (0/263 vs 31/1637; P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: Testing the affected proband is superior to screening the pregnant relative of the proband for identification of families at risk for fragile X syndrome.

Black People↗
PubMed1998

Cardiopulmonary bypass in a gravid patient: perioperative changes in endothelin levels.

Transient elevations of the potent vasoconstrictive peptide endothelin have been reported to occur with the institution of cardiopulmonary bypass. We measured plasma endothelin levels in a 24-year-old gravid patient undergoing a mitral valve replacement operation. Plasma endothelin levels increased by more than 250% in the first 24 hours postoperatively and remained elevated above baseline values at 36 hours postoperatively.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Incarceration of the gravid uterus.

Incarceration of the gravid uterus is a rare but serious complication of pregnancy. Reported is the case of a gravida 2, para 1 26-year-old woman who presented with lower abdominal pain. The patient was 14 weeks pregnant and presented with a one-day history of abdominal pain and vaginal discharge. Examination revealed a retroflexed uterus with the cervical opening pointing toward the anterior abdominal wall. An ultrasound revealed a uterus incarcerated between the sacral promontory and the pubis. Manual reduction was performed successfully in the emergency department.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The incarcerated gravid uterus.

The case of a 28-year-old multiparous woman with an incarcerated gravid uterus is presented. This largely unknown entity invariably results in spontaneous abortion if untreated. Patients present with a characteristic and readily recognizable sign and symptom complex and ultrasonographic findings. Early diagnosis is emphasized and therapy is outlined.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Incarceration of a gravid fibroid uterus.

The case of an incarcerated gravid fibroid uterus in a 32-year-old woman is presented. This rare complication of pregnancy is readily identified by specific symptoms, physical examination, and ultrasound findings. If the condition is undiagnosed and untreated, spontaneous abortion and preterm labor often occur.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[A rare etiology of praevia barrier by the non gravid uterus in a duplex uterus (didelphys): ultrasound findings].

The Authors report a rare case of praevia barrier from a duplex uterus (didelphys). A 30 Year old pregnant woman was admitted for ultrasound examination. Her past history included two cesarean sections with a stillborn infant in one case and a live infant with psychomotor retardation in the other case. Third trimester ultrasound examination was consistent with a 36-37 weeks gestation. A 9.1 by 5.8 cm retro-cervical praevia mass was also noted deep in the pelvis. The mass was similar in appearance to myometrium. Elective cesarean section performed at 38 weeks of gestation delivered a normal healthy 2950 g male infant and revealed a second non gravid uterus corresponding to the mass seen at ultrasound. Pelvic examination confirmed a diagnosis of uterus didelphys (uterus duplex bicornis bicollis with vaginal septum) separated by a sagittal partition. The post-operative course was uneventful. Praevia barrier by a half uterus in a patient with duplex uterus is a rare condition that can easily be detected by careful ultrasound examination thus preventing complications at delivery.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Obstructive acute renal failure by a gravid uterus: a case report and review.

Acute renal failure caused from an obstruction by the gravid uterus is a rare complication of pregnancy. Only 13 cases have been reported. We report a case of obstructive acute renal failure in a patient at 34 weeks' gestation with a twin pregnancy complicated by polyhydramnios. The serum creatinine peaked at 1,078 mumol/L (12.2 mg/dL), higher than in the previously reported patients. The striking feature of her clinical course was the immediate resolution of anuria following amniotomy, thus avoiding the need for dialysis, ureteral stenting, or immediate surgical delivery. This patient illustrates the potential importance of increased uterine pressure on the ureters as a cause of significant obstructive renal failure during pregnancy.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed2000

Factors affecting the larvipositional activity of Oestrus ovis gravid females (Diptera: oestridae).

Observations of fly strikes or larvipositions (n=68 in 21 days of observation) were carried out in a herd of goats during the spring in Baja California Sur, Mexico in order to identify the climatic conditions favoring larviposition activity of gravid Oestrus ovis L. flies, as well as to investigate whether a mixture of some potentially useful compounds was involved in this behavior. Hand-caught, tethered flies (n=43) were either exposed or unexposed to a combination of carbon dioxide, humidity, 1-octen-3-ol, butyric, propionic, acetic acid and acetone released from movable sheep and goat dummies under open field and cage conditions. Fly strikes occurred at temperatures greater than 20 degrees C, but mainly between 25 and 28 degrees C and from 116 to 838W m(-2) of solar irradiance. Few or no strikes were seen under moderate or strong wind, but did occur in a wide range of relative humidity. The chemicals applied did not improve the capacity of animal dummies to induce the flies to larviposit, but very irregular behavior was observed. Fourteen larvipositions were made on the dummies lacking chemical stimuli, so visual ability and movement by the dummies was very important in stimulation of the flies. Temperature appeared to be the main factor determining fly activity, but wind and solar irradiance also played important roles. Characteristics of O. ovis larviposition are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Abdominal pain and hemoperitoneum in the gravid patient: a case report of placenta percreta.

A 24-year-old woman, G4P3 at 14 weeks gestation, presented to the ED with acute abdominal pain, hemoperitoneum, and fetal demise. Emergent laparotomy showed placenta percreta, requiring hysterotomy for delivery of the fetus and gestational sac followed by oversewing of the uterine defect. Although an uncommon occurrence, clinicians should consider placenta percreta in the gravid patient who presents with acute abdominal pain and shock.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed2000

Urinary retention resulting from incarceration of a retroverted, gravid uterus.

Urinary retention resulting from urethral obstruction by a retroverted, gravid uterus is an uncommon disorder that is reported only once in the Emergency Medicine literature. Yet these patients may present in extreme distress and precipitate considerable confusion regarding the cause of and solution to this problem. No study evaluating outcome, risk of complications, or therapy exists. We present two cases that clarify diagnostic and therapeutic controversies and provide a better understanding of what is known about the pathophysiology and treatment alternatives.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Rat GST 8-8 is expressed predominantly in myeloid origin cells infiltrating the gravid uterus.

Previous studies from our laboratory have shown a relatively high expression of rGST8-8 in uterine tissues. This GST isozyme displays relatively high glutathione-peroxidase activity towards lipid-hydroperoxides and towards toxic 4-hydroxyalkenals generated from lipid peroxidation. Since the uterus is a unique organ, subject to oxidative stress due to infiltration by immune effector cells during gestation and because this infiltration is readily identifiable histologically, the studies reported herein were performed to localize the cell specific expression of rGST8-8 to determine whether immune effector cells infiltrating the pregnant rat uterus specifically expressed rGST8-8. A 75 bp end-radiolabeled cRNA probe was prepared from the full length mGSTA4-4 cDNA from the region which is highly homologous with rGST8-8. This cRNA probe was used for in situ hybridization studies to localize rGST8-8 in specific cell types of gravid rat uterus. Results of these studies indicate that this GST isozyme is selectively expressed in myeloid origin cells such as monocytes/macrophages, and neutrophils infiltrating the uterine endometrium and in vascular walls. Selective expression of rGST8-8 in the myeloid origin cells, which are known to generate higher levels of reactive oxygen species, suggests that this GST isozyme plays an important role in the protection mechanisms against lipid peroxidation.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Preterm premature rupture of membranes: risks of recurrent complications in the next pregnancy among a population-based sample of gravid women.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to ascertain the predictive value of antecedent preterm premature rupture of membranes for recurrent preterm premature rupture of membranes and preterm delivery rates in the next pregnancy compared with background rates among a population-based sample of women at a single institution. STUDY DESIGN: Records of patients with index singleton pregnancies that were complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes whose next delivery resulted in a delivery at >or=20 weeks at the same institution were reviewed for the incidence and gestational age of recurrent preterm premature rupture of membranes and preterm delivery. All subjects were patients of physicians whose obstetric practices were based at a single institution. Background rates of preterm premature rupture of membranes and preterm delivery in this population were generated from a systematically selected comparison group composed of the two deliveries after each of the study group's second delivery. RESULTS: The rates of recurrent preterm premature rupture of membranes (16.7%) and preterm delivery (34.2%) in the 114 study group patients were substantially greater (odds ratio, 20.6; 95% CI, 4.7-90.2; and odds ratio, 3.6; 95% CI, 2.1-6.4) than noted background rates (0.96% and 12.5%) but considerably less than the recurrence rates of either preterm premature rupture of membranes or preterm delivery that were reported by others. The gestational age of preterm premature rupture of membranes in the index pregnancy affected neither the magnitude of risk nor the gestational age of recurrent preterm premature rupture of membranes or preterm delivery in the subsequent pregnancy. Stratification of outcome measures into three subgroups that were based on the gestational age of index preterm premature rupture of membranes demonstrated no significant differences in the incidence of preterm premature rupture of membranes or preterm delivery. CONCLUSION: After a pregnancy that was complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes, the risk for recurrent preterm premature rupture of membranes is increased by 20-fold and for recurrent preterm delivery by almost 4-fold. Gestational age of antecedent preterm premature rupture of membranes is predictive of neither risk nor timing of recurrent complications. Estimates of recurrence risks appear to be moderated by limiting analysis to a population-based sample of gravid women when compared with previous studies.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Alloantigen-enhanced accumulation of CCR5+ 'effector' regulatory T cells in the gravid uterus.

Regulatory T cells play an essential role in preventing fetal rejection by the maternal immune system. Here we show that, based on the expression of CCR5, regulatory T cells can be divided into a highly suppressive CCR5+ and a far less suppressive CCR5- subpopulation, suggesting that the former represent the effector arm of regulatory T cells. Although regulatory T cells from CCR5-/- gene deletion mutants still suppress, they are less effective mediators of maternal-fetal tolerance. The accumulation of CCR5+ regulatory T cells at this site appears to be enhanced by alloantigen. This finding is in stark contrast to the systemic expansion of regulatory T cells during pregnancy, which appears to be alloantigen-independent. The fact that CCR5+ regulatory T cells preferentially accumulate in the gravid uterus and that expression of CCR5 on regulatory T cells can be induced by activation lead us to propose that CCR5 is responsible for the accumulation of those regulatory T cells that have been activated by paternal antigens.

Animals↗