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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Does forehead liquid crystal temperature accurately reflect "core" temperature?

Liquid crystal thermometry (LCT) is a non-invasive alternative to temperature monitoring. We evaluated the ability of forehead LCT, rectal temperature, and axillary skin temperature to trend distal oesophageal temperature during rapid warming on cardiopulmonary bypass. In 24 patients undergoing open heart surgery, temperatures were measured during the rapid warming phase on bypass (12-35 min). Scattergrams of temperature vs time for the four temperature sites each contained 150 data points. Polynomial regression analysis revealed that LCT, but not axillary or rectal temperatures, correlated with oesophageal temperature. We conclude that forehead LCT may be useful to monitor temperature trends and to detect rapid elevations in body temperature when more invasive temperature monitoring is inappropriate or unavailable.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2003

Forehead lifting: the juxtapilose subperiosteal approach.

Aging in the upper face becomes more evident as the eyebrow level descends. Sometimes this may begin at an early age. The senior author has described a limited approach for the treatment of this aesthetic alteration. In selected cases, the juxtapilose incision, placed laterally at the margin of the anterior hairline, allows for the subperiosteal undermining of the entire forehead and dissection of the elements that cause the descent of the eyebrow. The procedure is safe and expedient, and permits for a controlled repositioning of the eyebrow. In this paper, the authors describe the juxtapilose incision and the subperiosteal approach of the forehead as a practical ancillary procedure for correction of the aging face.

Aging↗
PubMed2003

Brow or forehead fixation with sutures only: a preliminary communication.

Fixation of the brow, although not technically difficult, can be a time-consuming process. Screws, whether permanent or absorbable, are occasionally associated with minor undesirable problems. We present a technique of brow suspension that is quick, simple, and free of the problems associated with fixation to the calvarium. It involves the use of sutures only. A heavy PDS suture is passed (with the aid of an awl) from the dermis of the brow or forehead that needs to be fixed to the dermis of a small incisional wound located 5-8 cm away. This suture suspension technique has proven to be quick and easy to execute. It has provided satisfactory fixation of the forehead/brow without problems of suture reaction. The cost of calvarial screws has been eliminated. When brow or forehead fixation is necessary, suspension with sutures to the dermis of a more superior location is an excellent method to accomplish the task quickly and easily. Long-term follow-up of a large series of patients will be necessary to validate the initial impression of this new technique.

Eyebrows↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the median forehead flap and the nasolabial flap in nasal reconstruction.

Basal cell carcinoma, which accounts for 70%-80% of all cutaneous malignancies in the United States, has increased recently in Japan. We compared methods for reconstruction after surgery for basal cell carcinoma, which is expected to increase further in the future. Thus patients who underwent reconstruction after surgery for basal cell carcinoma of the nose using medial forehead flaps and nasolabial flaps were selected, and the effectiveness of these flaps was compared by taking the size and location of the tissue defect into consideration. As a result, possibly because of anatomical and histological differences of the face between Caucasians and Asians, better results were obtained with nasolabial flaps than with median forehead flaps.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Combined frontal bone reshaping and forehead lift for frontal sinus hypertrophy.

A technique to correct frontal sinus hypertrophy is presented. The outer table of the frontal sinus is removed and divided into three pieces with an oscillation saw. The pieces are trimmed at the margin, fixed with two microplates, and regrafted. Bilateral lateral thick portions of the supraorbital rim are shaved with a surgical burr. At the same time, a forehead lift is performed. A satisfactory result with a flat and wide forehead can be obtained by employing this technique.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Innervation and functional reconstruction of the forehead.

The anatomy of the motor and sensory innervation of the forehead was studied by dissection of 10 cadavers. Some of the temporal branches of the facial nerve supply the frontalis muscle. They run along a line drawn from below the tragus to a point about 1.5 cm above the outer margin of the orbit where the branches enter the muscle from its deep aspect. There is wide variation in the number of branches and the pattern of anastomosis between them. The sensory innervation is from the frontal nerve, a branch of the ophthalmic division of the fifth cranial nerve. Although the pattern of division into four or five branches is very variable and often asymmetrical, there is an important common feature: the most medial branch changes from a submuscular to a subcutaneous plane immediately after leaving the orbit, while each of the successively more lateral branches travels to a higher level before this change takes place. On the basis of these anatomical findings, a functionally satisfactory reconstructive procedure was designed to close skin defects of the forehead of up to 6 cm in diameter, by raising innervated musculocutaneous local flaps.

Forehead↗
PubMed1994

Meningioma--an unusual forehead swelling: a case report.

Meningiomas are rarely encountered by head and neck clinicians. This report describes a patient with a meningioma presenting uncommonly as a long-standing forehead mass with minimal symptoms. Investigation identified a large bifrontal meningioma with extra-cranial extension involving the right orbit and forehead. The literature is reviewed with particular reference to extra-cranial meningioma and the case is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Post-prandial effects in reactivity of forehead and mid-femoral skin blood flow and heart rate in neonates.

The effect of post-prandial period on the cutaneous vascular reactivity was studied in twelve full-term infants on their 3rd postnatal day. The differences in vasomotor reactions between the forehead and femoral skin were also investigated. Two 10-min control registrations about 30 and 90 min after feeding were followed by a registration of equal duration during thermal stimulation of the skin. The lower extremity of each infant was stimulated by warm and cool air currents (5 cycles/min) to induce periodic vasomotor changes. The fast Fourier transform was used to compute variability spectra for the recorded skin blood flow, heart rate and respiratory wave form signals. The skin blood flow became synchronised to the thermal stimulation in both skin regions. Neither the spontaneous nor synchronised oscillations of the skin blood flow differed significantly between femoral skin and forehead. The post-prandial time did not have any influence on this synchronisation. Heart rate variability was synchronised to the periodicity of thermal stimulation more 1.5 h after feeding than 0.5 h after feeding. Respiration was not affected. The results show that increasing post-prandial time has no influence on the synchronised oscillations of skin blood flow. However, it potentiates reactivity of heart rate to perturbations in the peripheral vasculature.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed2006

Small incision subperiosteal and trans-blepharoplasty forehead and browlift.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of non-endoscopic, small-incision subperiosteal forehead and browlift in patients undergoing associated upper eyelid blepharoplasty. This is a retrospective, non-comparative case series of 14 consecutive patients in 12 months. Eleven patients underwent bilateral and three unilateral surgery. Unilateral surgery was performed in patients with facial palsy and was augmented with cable suspension. The technique involves five small scalp incisions to create a single subperiosteal and deep temporal cavity. Superior arcus marginalis release and direct visualisation of the supraorbital nerve was achieved via a trans-blepharoplasty approach. All patients achieved a desirable browlift and contour. Follow up ranged from 2 to 40 weeks. Minor complications included transient diplopia (1), reduced upper eyelid sensation (1), and brief postoperative bleeding from one of the small incision sites (1). Small incision and trans-blepharoplasty forehead and browlift is a safe and effective method to achieve a cosmetically desirable browlift in patients that require associated upper eyelid blepharoplasty, using standard oculoplastic equipment without the need for an endoscope.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Scalp and forehead reconstruction.

The reconstruction of defects that involve the scalp and forehead presents unique aesthetic and functional challenges. This article reviews the surgical anatomy of these regions and presents an algorithm for decision making in reconstructive surgery. Nonmicrosurgical techniques are briefly reviewed. The microsurgical reconstruction of scalp and forehead defects differs from the more common oropharyngeal reconstructions in several ways, including flap choices, choices for recipient vessels, and the opportunity to use conventional and microsurgical techniques simultaneously to improve outcomes. Each of these considerations is reviewed and the authors' preferred techniques presented.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

Large forehead: a novel sign of undiagnosed coeliac disease.

BACKGROUND: The development of cranial proportions is the result of genetic, embriogenetic and environmental factors. Coeliac disease is a genetically inherited disease that is frequently diagnosed in adulthood in individuals, in whom the disease runs unidentified for years and can affect child growth from the moment of dietary gluten introduction up to the moment of gluten withdrawal following diagnosis. Data on the effects of gluten on craniofacial development in coeliac children are not available. AIM: The aim of the present study is to evaluate gluten-related effects on face development in patients with undiagnosed coeliac disease and their clinical relevance. METHODS: The study was a prospective, multivariate analysis. Face photographs of adult patients with coeliac disease and healthy controls were marked at six reference points and distances and the ratios among distances were measured by computer program software. RESULTS: The main finding of the study is that Caucasian Mediterranean adult coeliac individuals tend to have a peculiar aspect of the face characterised by a larger forehead when compared to general population controls. CONCLUSION: The craniofacial morphology of patients with coeliac disease reveals an altered pattern of craniofacial growth. This is the first report of alterations of craniofacial development in coeliac disease. This alteration is a clinical sign that should be included among the extraintestinal manifestation of coeliac disease. It has a frequency comparable to other signs or symptoms such as anaemia and short stature and is a better predictor of coeliac disease than other signs such as recurrent aphthous stomatitis, recurrent abortion and dental enamel hypoplasia. A large forehead is a sign easily evident visually or with very simple measurements; computer analysis is not required for the general practitioner. This sign along with the presence of other clinical signs and symptoms, should alert a physician to test a patient for coeliac disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Reconstruction of large defects on the scalp and forehead as an interdisciplinary challenge: experience in the management of 39 cases.

AIMS: To describe options and indications for different surgical reconstruction techniques after resection of large skin tumours on the scalp taking into account an interdisciplinary approach of cranio-maxillofacial surgeon, dermatologist, and neurosurgeon, and to evaluate complications and postoperative outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From a total of 39 patients with large skin tumour resections on the scalp and/or the forehead, treated between January 01, 1995 and June 30, 2005, a number of 42 surgical reconstructions were performed. The medical histories, the surgical treatment, postoperative complications, follow-up and outcome were evaluated. RESULTS: The excision defects measured 146 cm(2) (range: 80.6-546 cm(2)) on average. The most common methods for defect closure were multiple rotation-advancement flaps (n=19). Six patients were treated with split-thickness skin grafts after bone drilling for inducing granulation tissue to grow. Free latissimus dorsi muscle flaps were used in 8 patients and radial forearm flaps in 4 cases. Postoperative complications were rare. An algorithm for the surgical approach to large scalp defects was developed. CONCLUSION: For reconstruction of large defects on the scalp and forehead, various reliable methods may be used with regard to individual patient-specific parameters in cooperation with different medical specialties involved.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Endoscopic excision of forehead lipomas.

Endoscopic surgery is a significant addition in the maxillofacial surgeon's armamentarium. Authors' experience of endoscopically assisted removal of forehead lipomas has been presented. The endoscopic technique permits to hide minimal scars in the hair. The magnification allows a good identification of anatomical structures and thus decreases the risk of numbness. The main disadvantages of this technique are the more expensive equipment and the steep learning curve. But with the expansion of endoscopic techniques, prices should decline and the duration of operations always lessens with experience. This technique might possibly appear to offer a new standard procedure for removal of forehead lipomas, notably in patients with keloid history or high aesthetic concerns.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Hostility and sex differences in the magnitude, duration, and determinants of heart rate response to forehead cold pressor: parasympathetic aspects of risk.

Recent models hypothesize that hostility confers increased risk of CHD through weaker parasympathetic dampening of cardiovascular reactivity (CVR). We tested this possibility using the forehead cold pressor task, a common maneuver which elicits the "dive reflex" characterized by a reflexive decrease in HR presumably through cardiac-parasympathetic stimulation. Participants were initially chosen from the outer quartiles of a sample of 670 undergraduates screened using the hostility subscale of the Aggression Questionnaire ([Buss, A.H., Perry, M., 1992. The Aggression Questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 452-459.]). The final sample of 80 participants was evenly divided between men and women and high and low hostility. Following a 10-min baseline, participants underwent a 3-min forehead cold pressor task. The task evoked a significant HR deceleration that was mediated by PNS activation, as assessed by respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). Replicating prior research, men displayed greater decrease in HR. More important, low hostiles maintained larger HR deceleration over time compared to high hostiles although the autonomic basis for this effect was unclear. The findings broaden understanding of hostility and sex-related cardiovascular functioning and support the task as a method for evoking PNS-cardiac stimulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

An unusual complication from esthetic injection of liquid silicone into the forehead.

PURPOSE: To report a case of migration of liquid silicone into the upper eyelid. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: A 32-year-old woman had an injection of liquid silicone into the subcutaneous tissue of the forehead. She developed a cystic mass in the upper eyelid 2 days postinjection. An excisional biopsy was performed. RESULTS: The mass lay in the Müller's muscle, and its base adhered to the tarsus. The mass ruptured during dissection, revealing a yellowish turbid fluid. Histopathologic findings showed lipogranulomatous reaction. CONCLUSIONS: Liquid silicone injection to the forehead may promote formation of a cystic mass in the upper eyelid.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The forehead flap: minimising the secondary defect by preservation of the frontalis muscle.

The most frequent objection to the use of the forehead flap for intraoral reconstruction is that it leaves an unsightly secondary defect, an adherent shiny skin graft and an expressionless forehead. However, it is possible to raise the flap superficial to the frontalis muscle leaving its structure and innervation intact. Expressive movement is preserved and the secondary defect minimised. The technique is described and illustrative cases are presented.

Facial Expression↗
PubMed2001

Forehead and temple reconstruction.

Reconstruction of the forehead and temple region poses special aesthetic challenges for maintaining eyebrow symmetry and hairline. The preservation of motor and sensory function is also important. There are a wide variety of techniques available to the reconstructive surgeon, and these methods are compared and discussed with specific reference to the forehead and temple region.

Forehead↗