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Results for “Fasciculation”

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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Myokymia (fasciculation) of the tongue as a unique presentation of mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

Neural invasion is a relatively common feature of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck and malignant salivary gland tumours. The symptoms depend on the location and the particular nerves involved, and include pain, anaesthesia, paraesthesia and cranial nerve palsy. The present case appears to be unique. A mucoepidermoid carcinoma showed evidence of neural involvement and presented with nerve stimulation inducing myokymia, rather than nerve destruction, which is the usual consequence of tumoral nerve invasion.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The Drosophila Wnt5 protein mediates selective axon fasciculation in the embryonic central nervous system.

The decision of whether and where to cross the midline, an evolutionarily conserved line of bilateral symmetry in the central nervous system, is the first task for many newly extending axons. We show that Wnt5, a member of the conserved Wnt secreted glycoprotein family, is required for the formation of the anterior of the two midline-crossing commissures present in each Drosophila hemisegment. Initial path finding of pioneering neurons across the midline in both commissures is normal in wnt5 mutant embryos; however, the subsequent separation of the early midline-crossing axons into two distinct commissures does not occur. The majority of the follower axons that normally cross the midline in the anterior commissure fail to do so, remaining tightly associated near their cell bodies, or projecting inappropriately across the midline in between the commissures. The lateral and intermediate longitudinal pathways also fail to form correctly, similarly reflecting earlier failures in pathway defasciculation. Panneural expression of Wnt5 in a wnt5 mutant background rescues both the commissural and longitudinal defects. We show that the Wnt5 protein is predominantly present on posterior commissural axons and at a low level on the anterior commissure and longitudinal projections. Finally, we demonstrate that transcriptional repression of wnt5 in AC neurons by the recently described Wnt5 receptor, Derailed, contributes to this largely posterior commissural localization of Wnt5 protein.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Antibody to the HNK-1 glycoepitope affects fasciculation and axonal pathfinding in the developing posterior lateral line nerve of embryonic zebrafish.

The HNK-1 glycoepitope, carried by many cell recognition molecules, is present in the developing posterior lateral line nerve and on other primary axons of zebrafish. To elucidate the function of HNK-1 in vivo, the antibody 412 to HNK-1 was injected into zebrafish embryos at 16 h post fertilization (hpf). The injected antibody bound specifically to axons carrying HNK-1. This treatment selectively affected the growth of either one or both posterior lateral line nerves in 39% of the experimental cases (13 of 33 animals), which was significantly more (P<0.0002) than in uninjected, vehicle injected, and non-immune IgG injected controls (1.2% of the animals; one of 85 animals), as assessed at 27 or 33 hpf. Other HNK-1 immunoreactive nerves, such as the ventral motor nerves were unaffected, indicating that antibody binding per se did not interfere with axon growth. The primordium of the posterior lateral line was not affected in its caudal migration and in depositing differentiating neuromasts along the trunk, showing that injections did not retard development and that initial formation of lateral line organs is probably independent of contact with nerve fibers. We suggest that the HNK-1 glycoepitope is an important modulator of embryonic nerve growth.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Semaphorin-1a acts in concert with the cell adhesion molecules fasciclin II and connectin to regulate axon fasciculation in Drosophila.

Semaphorins comprise a large family of phylogenetically conserved secreted and transmembrane glycoproteins, many of which have been implicated in repulsive axon guidance events. The transmembrane semaphorin Sema-1a in Drosophila is expressed on motor axons and is required for the generation of neuromuscular connectivity. Sema-1a can function as an axonal repellent and mediates motor axon defasciculation. Here, by manipulating the levels of Sema-1a and the cell adhesion molecules fasciclin II (Fas II) and connectin (Conn) on motor axons, we provide further evidence that Sema-1a mediates axonal defasciculation events by acting as an axonally localized repellent and that correct motor axon guidance results from a balance between attractive and repulsive guidance cues expressed on motor neurons.

Animals↗