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Results for “Eye Movement Measurements”

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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Saccadic eye movements as a measure of the pharmacodynamics of benzodiazepines. Evaluation of various occulographic parameters].

Effects of a single dose of 0.25 mg triazolam p.o. on saccadic eye movements were studied in 6 healthy volunteers. Triazolam was chosen because of its short half-life of 2.5 hours. Peak velocity, duration, acceleration/deceleration index, ratio of hypometric saccades and number of corrective saccades were measured before and at repeated intervals after triazolam administration over a period of 9 hours. Maximal change compared with baseline was observed 90 min. after drug administration. After 9 hours baseline values were reached. As with other benzodiazepines, peak velocity and duration of saccades were the most reliable parameters. Additionally, the number of corrective saccades was found to be a sensitive indicator of drug-induced impairment of oculomotor performance. The present study again emphasises the importance of saccadic eye movements for assessing effects of sedative drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Saccadic eye movement analysis as a measure of drug effects on human psychomotor performance.

Analysis of human horizontal saccadic eye movements can provide measurements of central nervous system depression and stimulation. Effects on saccadic eye movements have been observed in normal volunteers with barbiturates, benzodiazepines, opiates and related compounds, carbamazepine, amphetamine and ethanol. A suite of programmes have been developed to allow the generation, collection and analysis of saccadic eye movements using a CBM 3032, 8032 or BBC B microcomputer. The system allows almost continuous sampling and rapid analysis of movements.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1986

Eye movement research with schizophrenic patients and normal controls using corneal reflection-pupil center measurement.

The eye movements of 20 partially remitted outpatient schizophrenics (ICD 9), for the most part receiving neuroleptic maintenance medication, and 20 normal controls were recorded using corneal reflection-pupil center measurement. Performance was investigated on the basis of widely varied measurement parameters during a fixation task and a visual search task (list of letters). Psychopathological data were additionally recorded for the group of patients by means of self and observer ratings, current social adjustment, and neuroleptic dosage. The schizophrenic patients showed the tendency to perform more poorly than the normal controls in the eye movement parameters recorded, and there was marked variation in performance within the group of schizophrenic patients. In particular, various abnormalities in fixation performance were connected differentially with individual psychopathological syndromes and neuroleptic dosage. Connections between fixation performance and search performance were found only within the group of patients. They are interpreted as an indicator of disturbed interhemispheric coordination in schizophrenics. Based upon specific pupillary findings one concludes that the processing load imposed on the attentional system by the search task is different for various schizophrenic subgroups.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A method of evaluating VDT screen layout by eye movement analysis.

The method for evaluating VDT screen layout by eye movements is studied. When the subjects read from the VDT screen, the change in their line of sight was measured by their eye movements. The measured eye movement patterns were divided into the sequential and rereading processes. When related to these characteristics, the performance of subjects was found to be good when the sequential process predominated over the rereading process. The eye movement pattern was shown to change with screen layout. The eye movement pattern proved effective in determining that tabular format is more legible than textual format. This confirmed the usefulness of the method of evaluating VDT screen layout by the eye movement pattern.

Attention↗
PubMed1983

The impact of automatic digit naming ability on a clinical test of eye movement functioning.

One of the primary reasons for the clinical measurement of eye movements in children is probing the relationship of oculomotor functioning with reading. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between a subjective clinical test of lateral eye movements (KD Saccade Test) using a visual-verbal response format with the ability to name numbers automatically in the absence of eye movements in a first and second grade population. The results support the hypothesis that the eye movement skills measured with subjective visual-verbal formats as described in this study are deficits in automaticity of number knowledge ability and not oculomotor dysfunctions in some children.

Child↗
PubMed1997

Eye movement-based measures of development of spatial contrast sensitivity in infants.

This study presents spatial contrast sensitivity functions from 66 infants ranging in age from 12 to 146 days. Functions were derived using a behavioral method based on eye movements; in this method, the subject viewed drifting sinusoidal gratings while an experimenter, who did not know the direction of stimulus drift, voted on that direction based only on the record of the subject's eye movements. Results show that there is a marked increase in contrast sensitivity across age, as well as a modest shift of the peak of the function and of the acuity limit to higher spatial frequencies. However, when normalized with respect to peak frequency and peak sensitivity, the functions at all ages have the same general shape and can be fit with a standard template curve used to describe contrast sensitivity in the adult visual system; that is, even the youngest infants clearly show a drop in sensitivity at frequencies below the peaks of their functions.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Fully automatic measurement of 3-dimensional eye movement with video-oculography].

OBJECTIVE: To bring forward a new method for automatic measurement of the translation and rotation of the eye movement. METHODS: A centroid method, edge filter, and ellipse fitting were used to get the accurate position of the eye center. The rotation angle of the eye was determined by Fourier-Translation arithmetic operators. RESULTS: The simulation image test and initial clinical experiment obtained a good precision. CONCLUSION: This method can eliminate the influence of eyelid overlapping and illumination, which can measure the 3-dimensional eye movement accurately.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-motion path discrimination: effects of image stabilization.

Path-deviation thresholds were measured as the effects of eye movements in the retinal flow were minimized through image stabilization. Thresholds obtained with image stabilization were compared to those obtained with unstabilized viewing to determine whether the elimination of eye movements from the retinal flow improves self-motion judgments. The results showed that, at slow forward speeds, eliminating the retinal effects of eye movements did not improve path-discrimination performance; subjects required more of an angular deviation to discriminate a circular from a straight motion path with image stabilization than with unstabilized viewing. In an effort to understand the results, eye movements were measured in unstabilized viewing conditions, and the measured eye velocities were used to estimate the retinal-image motion. The results showed that, for slow forward speeds, eye movements increased the average retinal speed, independent of the circular flow direction. At fast forward speeds, there was no significant increase in the average retinal-image speed due to eye movements. A parsimonious explanation for the decreased performance with image stabilization at the slow forward speed is that retinal-image motion was too slow to optimally stimulate the visual motion sensors.

Eye Movements↗
PubMed1996

Measuring effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in non-clinical anxiety: a multi-subject, yoked-control design.

Twenty-eight subjects from a university's subject pool were paired on sex, age, severity, and type of stressful or traumatic incident. One subject in each pair was selected to receive EMDR; the experimental partner spent the same amount of time receiving a visual (non-movement) placebo. Subjective units of discomfort (SUD) scores and physiological measurements were taken prior to and following treatment. Analysis of physiological measurements and self-reported levels of stress were performed within and between each group. While the EMDR group showed significant reductions of stress, EMDR was no better than a placebo. This suggests EMDR's specific intervention involving eye movement may not be a necessary component of the treatment protocol.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The conjugacy of human saccadic eye movements.

Binocular measurements of instantaneous velocity vectors in normal human subjects during saccades showed: (1) considerable trial to trial variation in peak velocity, saccade duration, and saccade curvature despite saccade accuracy; (2) variations in one eye were mirrored by similar variations in the other eye, with a high positive correlation. The high correlation between the peak velocities suggest that saccades in the two eyes are driven by a common saccade generator. Assuming that a local feedback loop guides saccades, the high correlation between saccade durations and between saccade curvatures suggests that both eyes are guided by common feedback. If so, monocular adaptation must occur downstream from the saccade generator.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Cues and control strategies in visually guided tracking.

Detailed quantitative models are required to investigate the neurological basis of motor behavior. Previous studies of visually guided manual tracking have either identified a variety of control signals (cues) for planning tracking movements or analyzed how a single cue is used (i.e., one-tracking strategy). A systematic, quantitative analysis of the effects and interactions of cues in terms of human manual-tracking performance is presented here together with measurements of concomitant eye movements. These measurements help define the routes by which information reaches the CNS, and the analysis elucidates how the control signals are processed and combined. The results quantify not only the large improvement in performance observed when the target waveform being tracked is predictable but also the extent to which this improvement depends on the availability of current information about target movements and positional error. Target information is shown to provide short-term prediction independent of the error signals used in on-line negative feedback control.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of the torsional VOR in weightlessness.

The experimental concept and findings from a recent manned orbital spaceflight are described. Together with ongoing terrestrial and parabolic studies, the present experiment is intended to further our knowledge of the sensory integrative processing of information from the semicircular canals and the otolithic receptors, and to quantify the presumed otolithic adaptation to altered gravito-inertial force environments in a more reliable manner than to date. The experiment included measurement of the basic vestibulo-oculomotor response during active head rotation about each of the three orthogonal axes. Priority was given to the recording of ocular torsion, as elicited by head oscillation about the roll axis, and thus due to the concomitant stimulation of the semicircular canals and otolith receptors. Videooculography was employed for the measurement of eye movements; head movement was measured by three orthogonally arranged angular rate sensors and a triaxial linear accelerometer device. All signals were recorded synchronously on a video/data recorder. Preliminary results indicate alterations in the torsional VOR under zero-g conditions, suggesting an adaptive modification of the torsional VOR gain over the course of the 6-day orbital flight. In addition, the inflight test findings yielded discrepancies between intended and performed head movement, indicating impairment in sensorimotor coordination under prolonged microgravity conditions.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1994

Eye movement desensitization across subjects: subjective and physiological measures of treatment efficacy.

Eye movement desensitization (EMD) was investigated in an experimental multiple baseline across subjects design. Six subjects who met the diagnostic criteria for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) were included in the study. While the EMD technique advanced by Shapiro has been reported to be clinically effective, major methodological issues have been raised which remain to be addressed. One issue raised is whether exposure to the traumatic image is sufficient to account for the reported clinical effects of EMD or whether the addition of saccadic eye movements is central to the treatment. This study attempted to address this concern by comparing two EMD-based procedures: a Non-saccade phase (without the saccadic eye movements) which functioned as a control and a second that included saccadic eye movements. Dependent variables included self-report information (SUDs, behavioral symptoms reports) and physiological data (heart rate and systolic blood pressure). The results showed no significant decreases in SUDs level with the EMD minus the saccadic eye movements procedure. However, five of the six subjects reported clinically significant decreases in their SUDs levels with the inclusion of the saccadic eye movements. This study appears to corroborate previous work employing single-case design as well as pre and postcomparisons.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A precise and inexpensive magnetic field search coil system for measuring eye and head movements in small laboratory animals.

The design of a magnetic field search coil system based on the phase detection principle is described. The system was developed to record eye and head movements of small, unrestrained laboratory animals. It is compact, linear over 360 degrees, has a high resolution and allows the use of minute, commercially available search coils. Potential pitfalls and critical factors in the use of the system are discussed and original movement records are presented.

Animals↗