[General principles for the activities of the environmental protection official].
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The State of Florida has applied for interim Authorization Phase I. EPA has reviewed Florida's application for Phase I and has determined that Florida's hazardous waste program is substantially equivalent to the Federal program covered by Phase I. The State of Florida is, hereby, granted Interim Authorization for Phase I to operate the State 's hazardous waste program, in lieu of the Federal program.
EPA is approving Indiana's State Plan for Hospital/Medical/Infectious Waste Incinerators (HMIWI), submitted on September 30, 1999. The State Plan adopts and implements the Emissions Guidelines (EG) applicable to existing HMIWIs. This approval means that EPA finds the State Plan meets Clean Air Act (Act) requirements. Once effective, this approval makes the State Plan federally enforceable.
This paper locates the EPA national headquarters within the racialized local geography of southwest Washington, D.C. By focusing on the formation of a scientist union and the union's struggle to make visible an episode of chemical exposure in its own offices, the paper connects the work of racialized privilege with the difficulty of proving chemical exposures in the 1980s.
This is a narrative account of the origins and development of carcinogen risk assessment in the U.S. EPA, which pioneered the field. It began in an era of high hopes that the regulation of carcinogens in the environment would make a major reduction in the heavy public health burden of cancer. The immediate cause for the development of carcinogen risk assessment was the need to respond to heavy criticism that the EPA was not using science in an unbiased way to defend its regulation of important pesticides as carcinogens. The formulation of the initial assessment guidelines is described as well as the rationale behind the assessment procedures that were developed by the EPA's Carcinogen Assessment Group. The issue of whether the original hopes of reducing cancer has been realized is discussed. Recent developments in molecular carcinogenesis point to the possibility of a revised view of the role of environmental carcinogens at low levels of exposure from that of causing cancer de novo to an acceleration of the development of cancer that results from heritable genetic defects. It is suggested that advances in carcinogen risk assessment will mainly depend on a better understanding of the causes and mechanisms of cancer in humans at the molecular level.
The State of Nebraska has applied for interim authorization of its hazardous waste program under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and EPA guidelines for the approval of State hazardous waste programs [40 CFR Part 123]. EPA has determined that the State's program meets all applicable statutory and regulatory requirements and is granting Phase I interim authorization to Nebraska to operate in its jurisdiction a hazardous waste program in lieu of Phase I of the Federal hazardous waste program.
The EPA Supersites Research Program needs consistency of metadata and data structures to facilitate information sharing among investigators, analysts, and ultimately secondary data users. Under the auspices of NARSTO a successful mechanism was created to develop and implement reporting standards. The development effort included working closely with Supersites data coordinators, investigators, and technical experts, and also leveraging from existing data standards and practices. Overall, the standards are getting good acceptance from the atmospheric research community.
EPA regulations to protect human health and the environment from the improper management of hazardous waste were published in the Federal Register on May 19, 1980 (45 FR 33063). These regulations include provisions for authorization of State programs to operate in lieu of the Federal program. Today EPA is announcing the availability for public review of the Indiana application for Phase I Interim Authorization, inviting public comment, and giving notice of a public hearing to be held on the application.
Broad agreement on specific approaches or standardized test batteries for assessing behavioral toxicity is unlikely to emerge in the foreseeable future. EPA should reject test standardization in any case, however; standardization stifles progress and, in addition, may bypass unique properties of new types of substances. The optimal strategy is to prescribe a set of functions, such as sensory, motor, and complex performance processes, leaving it to the manufacturer to select adequate tasks. Adequacy would be judged by EPA staff, in consultation with advisory panels, and resolved, in most cases, by a dialogue with the manufacturer.
EPA is approving the State of Idaho's section 111(d) State Plan for controlling emissions from existing Hospital/Medical/Infectious Waste Incinerators (HMIWI). The plan was submitted on December 16, 1999, to fulfill the requirements of sections 111(d) and 129 of the Clean Air Act. The State Plan adopts and implements the Emissions Guidelines applicable to existing HMIWIs, and establishes emission limits and controls for sources constructed on or before June 20, 1996. EPA has determined that Idaho's State Plan meets CAA requirements and hereby approves this State Plan, thus making it federally enforceable.
The State of Illinois has applied for Interim Authorization of its hazardous waste program under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, as amended (RCRA) and EPA guidelines for the approval of State hazardous waste programs (40 CFR Part 123, Subpart F). USEPA has reviewed the Illinois hazardous waste program and has determined that the Illinois hazardous waste program is substantially equivalent to the Federal program. USEPA is hereby granting Phase I Interim Authorization to Illinois to operate a hazardous waste program in lieu of Phase I of the Federal hazardous waste program in its jurisdiction.