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PubMed1997

Erysipelas and elephantiasis of the scrotum--surgery and drug therapy.

Elephantiasis of the scrotum is the terminal stage of persistent refractory lymphedema. Its debilitating functional and cosmetic effects have significant psychological, emotional and social consequences for the affected patient. The causal relationship between etiology and recurrent disease is illustrated here by 2 cases. Therapy options are also discussed. Primary therapeutic success is determined by radical surgery, since chronic inflammation and chronic oedema mutually foster one another. Metabolic stability, sanitization of infected cutaneous areas and the prophylactic administration of antibiotics are essential to ensure that the treatment of recurrent erysipelas is successful in the long term.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Serovars of Erysipelothrix strains isolated from pigs affected with erysipelas in Japan.

Serovars of 1,046 Erysipelothrix strains isolated from diseased pigs during a period from 1983 to 1993 in Japan were determined by an agar gel double-diffusion precipitation system using typing sera representing all the known serovars, 1 through 23 and type N, of 2 species of Erysipelothrix. A total of 943 strains could be serotyped within the serovars. The remaining 103 strains could not be determined for their serovars and were classified as untypable. Of the 938 (99.5%) strains serologically identified as Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, 423 (40.4%) belonged to serovar 1a, 359 (34.3%) to serovar 2, 65 (6.2%) to serovar 1b, 35 (3.3%) to serovar 6, 19 (1.8%) to serovar 5, 11 (1.1%) to serovar 21, and the remaining 26 to serovars 4, 8, 11, 12, 15, 17, or 19. Only 5 (0.5%) strains isolated from the cases of erysipelas belonged to Erysipelothrix tonsillarum and represented serovars 7 or 23.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Isolation of a high-molecular mass glycoprotein from culture supernatant of an arthritogenic strain of the bacteria Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae reacting with "inductive" monoclonal antibodies derived from rats with erysipelas polyarthritis.

A glycoprotein exhibiting a relative molecular mass of about 1000 kDa was purified to homogeneity from culture supernatant of arthritogenic bacteria (Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, strain T28) by ultrafiltration, ammonium sulfate precipitation, molecular mass exclusion, and ion exchange chromatography. Fractions obtained were analysed for their antigenic content by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using rabbit immune serum raised against this strain of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Distinct monoclonal antibodies obtained from rats suffering from erysipelas polyarthritis display a unique property by inducing very efficiently protective and regulatory mechanisms while being unable to generate classical "passive immunity". These "inductive" monoclonal antibodies recognize most likely linear epitopes on the purified glycoprotein. This makes it a prime source for analysing the target structure of these in vivo "inductive" antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Antibiotic and prednisolone therapy of erysipelas: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study.

112 patients admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of erysipelas, were randomized to 8 days treatment with prednisolone or placebo in addition to antibiotics. 108 patients received the study drugs and were evaluated for time to cure, which was the primary end-point. The median healing time was significantly shorter in the prednisolone group, 5 days, vs 6 days in the placebo group (p < 0.01). The 90th percentile healing time was 10.0 days in the prednisolone group vs 14.6 days in the control group. The prednisolone-treated patients had a median length of hospital stay (secondary end-point) of 5 days vs 6 for the placebo-treated (p < 0.01). The median treatment time with intravenous antibiotics (secondary end-point) was 4 days in the placebo group, which was 1 day longer than in the prednisolone group (p < 0.05). 13 patients, 7 of whom received placebo, relapsed during the observation period of 3 weeks. The frequency of side effects attributable to the study drug was not higher in the prednisolone group.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1998

An outbreak of urticarial form of swine erysipelas in a medium-scale piggery in Kiambu District, Kenya.

This report concerns an outbreak that occurred during July/August 1997. Ten pigs from a herd of 181 pigs in a medium-scale, semi-closed piggery in Kiambu District, Kenya, contracted the clinical disease. The main clinical findings in affected pigs included: fever (40.5-41.8 degrees C), prostration, inappetence, dog-sitting posture, abortion, erythema and raised, firm to the touch and easily palpated light pink to dark purple diamond-shaped to square/rectangular spots on the skin around the belly and the back. Based on the pathognomonic skin lesions, a clinical diagnosis of swine erysipelas was made. The diagnosis was confirmed by the isolation of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae organisms from the blood and skin biopsies taken from the affected pigs. Response to treatment with a combination of procaine penicillin and dihydrostreptomycin at the dosage rate of 20,000 IU/kg body weight (based on procaine penicillin) for 3 days was good and all the affected pigs recovered fully. The farm was placed under quarantine to prevent spread of the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

An outbreak of erysipelas in eared grebes (Podiceps nigricollis).

An outbreak of erysipelas killed an estimated 5,000 aquatic birds on Great Salt Lake (Utah) in late November, 1975. Although several thousand ducks and gulls were using the lake, at least 99 percent of the victims were eared grebes. A hypothetical explanation for the selective mortality is offered.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Erysipelas in a free-ranging Hawaiian crow (Corvus hawaiiensis).

We describe a case of erysipelas in a free-ranging endangered Hawaiian crow. The partially scavenged carcass exhibited gross emaciation and petechial hemorrhages in both lungs. Microscopy revealed multiple necrotic foci associated with gram-positive rods in the liver and adrenal, diffuse acute proximal tubular necrosis of kidney, diffuse necrosis and inflammation of proventricular mucosa associated with gram-positive rods, and multiple intravascular aggregates of gram-positive rods associated with thrombi. Culture of the kidney revealed the bacterium to be Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. The implications of this finding to free-ranging crows remain unclear.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Erysipelas, cellulitis and other severe Streptococcus pyogenes skin infections].

INCIDENCE AND GRAVITY: Invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infections are a common reason for hospitalization. Serious forms may occur in patients with no known risk factor, including young patients. Inversely, erysipela is observed more readily in the elderly population with a more vulnerable venous system. Disease gravity is related to the high risk of recurrence. For cellulitis, predominantly a disease of young subjects with no past history, severity is related to local extension and development of shock syndrome. Besides the immediate life-threatening situation, functional prognosis may be compromised, depending on the localization of the infection. PATHOGENESIS OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS: Adherence and invasion properties of group A streptococci, particularly the capsule and protein M, as well as streptococcal toxins cause severe septic and toxinic syndromes. Strains most frequently associated with invasive infections are: biotype 1, serotype M1 and biotype 3, serotype M3. TREATMENT: An antibiotic regimen by intravenous infusion of penicillin G is the gold standard treatment. Clindamycin should be added in case of septic shock. Extensive cellulitis or necrotizing fasciitis requires surgical debridement of the necrotic tissue and intensive care for the shock syndrome.

Cellulitis↗
PubMed2000

[Erysipelas. A retrospective series of 92 patients in a department of internal medicine].

Erysipleas, also known as Saint Anthony's fire, is an acute infection of the skin caused, in most of cases, by group A streptococci. In the past, the most common site of involvement was the face and, in the pre-antibiotic era, mortality was high. In this retrospective study, we highlight the clinical and bacteriological features and report follow-up in 92 patients hospitalized in an internal medicine unit between 1st March 1992 and 31st December 1996 for 94 episodes of erysipelas. The involvement of the lower limbs predominated as involvement of the face is becoming very rare. Streptococci from others groups and Staphylococcus aureus have been implicated on occasions. Recovery is usual even if this infection may greatly weaken these often fragilized patients. In this paper, antibiotic treatment as well as the place of anticoagulants and Doppler ultrasound are discussed. Hospitalization is often necessary but it must not be systematic.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An outbreak of erysipelas in 2-day-old poults.

Systemic erysipelas infection was seen in 2-to-4-day-old poults from three separate ranches owned by the same company. The affected poults were all from the same breeder source; poults from other breeder sources were seemingly unaffected. Mortality increased on days 2 and 3, ranging from 2% to 8.5%. Birds submitted were dehydrated and very weak, with one half of the poults submitted having died during transport to the lab. Gross lesions included swollen, congested livers and spleens, as well as hemorrhagic breast muscle in one case. Toes were swollen and reddish-purple in color. The poults had been toe-trimmed during hatchery processing using a commercial microwave. Histologically, periportal inflammation with heterophilic infiltration in the liver was noted. Spleens showed hyalinization of arteries, lymphoid depletion, and necrosis. Toe joints showed purulent synovitis and cellulitis. Gram stains done on impression smears of liver and spleen showed rare to moderate numbers of small gram-positive rods. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was isolated from 18 of 22 livers cultured, five of six toe joints cultured, and from the yolk sac in two birds.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Complex treatment of patients with complicated forms of erysipelas].

The authors made an analysis of variants of treatment strategy and its results in patients with different forms of erysipelas. The use of complex conservative and operative treatment allowed lethality to be reduced from 4 to 1.9%, in patients with severe course of the disease the frequency of complications being reduced to 10%.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2001

[Erysipelas: microbiological and pathogenic data].

Streptococcus pyogenes is considered as the primary cause of erysipelas and the virulence factors of this species are reviewed. The role of Staphylococcus aureus alone or associated with Streptococcus pyogenes remains unclear. Other etiologies are infrequent. Several techniques were used to detect bacteria (direct examination, culture, antigen or genome assay) in local samples (needle aspiration, swab.), in others sites (throat, blood cultures), or specific antibodies. The performance of the various diagnosis methods is evaluated. Despite the combination of 2 or more methods, the etiology remains unknown in almost 20 p. 100 of the cases.

Erysipelas↗
PubMed2003

Humane endpoints in the efficacy testing of swine erysipelas vaccines.

For licensing the efficacy of vaccines for veterinary use has to be demonstrated by well-controlled laboratory experiments in which vaccinated and untreated animals of the target species are challenged. Erysipelas challenge tests cause extreme suffering of the unprotected animals with high fever, apathy, large skin lesions, and even death. This paper describes a standardised procedure for the vaccination challenge test and gives due consideration to the welfare of the animals. By monitoring and using clinical signs observed during the test it is possible to minimise animal pain and distress, thus preventing unnecessary animal suffering.

Animal Testing Alternatives↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Erysipelas].

The literature review presents statistical data, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical course and complications of erysipelas. Principles and treatment approaches of the disease, its prophylaxis and management of the complications are discussed in the article.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

[The functional activity of neutrophilic granulocytes in patients with erysipelas].

Dynamic cytochemical studies of neutrophilic granulocyte functional activities in erysipelas patients have revealed that reduced level of cationic proteins and unbalanced activities of the respiratory enzymes help assess the disease severity, and if these disorders persist during the convalescence period and between the recurrences, they indicate a reduction of the nonspecific resistance and help predict the recurrences of the condition.

Adult↗