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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Punctate epiphyses associated with Turner syndrome.

The radiographic observation of stippled calcification in cartilage defines the chondrodysplasia punctata group of bone dysplasias. Several other diseases may be associated with the radiographic finding of punctate epiphyses, usually uncommonly - for example, trisomy 21. Other more subtle chromosomal abnormalities also associated with punctate epiphyses include microdeletions of the X chromosome. A case of Turner syndrome with punctate calcification of the epiphyses is described.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Epiphyseal separation of the coracoid process without acromioclavicular dislocation.

A patient with an epiphyseal separation through the base of the coracoid process of the shoulder associated with a grade I acromioclavicular sprain is reported. The epiphyseal separation was not visible on conventional roentgenograms. A CT scan demonstrated the abnormality. In patients with considerable intractable pain due to contusion of the shoulder, early use of CT should be considered to determine whether symptoms are caused by epiphyseal separation of the coracoid process.

Acromioclavicular Joint↗
PubMed1978

Histological and histochemical investigations of the epiphyseal cartilage in rats after administration of heparin, coumarin as well as coumarin and diphosphonate (EHDP).

Heparin and coumarin (Marcumar) as well as coumarin combined with a diphosphonate (EHDP) were examined histologically and histochemically with regard to their effect on the structure of the epiphyseal cartilage in rats. Topo-optical reactions were used to assess the submicroscopic structural changes in the developing trabeculae of metaphysis. The zone of resting cartilage and the zone of young proliferation cartilage in epiphyseal plates revealed a reduced cell count due to the influence of anticoagulants. With regard to the matrix of the epiphyseal plate, it may be stated that its ultrastructure appeared partly regular and that, on the other hand, large areas of degeneration were detected in the connective-tissue. The negative effect of anticoagulants on the ground substance could not be reduced definitely by means of a diphosphonate (EHDP) in conjunction with Marcumar which was administered simultaneously.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Longitudinal epiphyseal growth after replantation and transplantation in children.

Previous investigators have shown that epiphyses are unlikely to grow after free grafting although there have been rare reports of good and even normal growth. However, growth has usually continued whenever the epiphyseal vascular supply has been maintained by microanastomosis. Of 25 growing epiphyses in our series that were transferred, 17 by replantation and eight by free tissue transfer supported by microvascular anastomosis, over an interval varying from 27 to 81 months, average length attained was 89% of normal in elective transfer, 93% of normal in replanted digits, and 92% overall. Maximum growth attained in any digit in our series was 102% of the length of the normal contralateral digit; the minimum attained was 70%.

Amputation, Traumatic↗
PubMed1984

Epiphyseal vascularization during growth: the upper limb.

Sixty fetal, newborn and child cadavers were injected with India ink and plastic material (Batson's technique) via the subclavian artery. The arterial and capillary intracartilaginous and intraosseous networks of the physes of the long bones of the upper limb were then studied by microdissection of the vascular sources and serial epiphyseal sections in different planes. Already present in the third week of fetal life and present all during the rest of life, this circulation plays a fundamental role not only in the ossification of the epiphyseal cartilage but also in the trophicity of the bone that supports the cartilaginous articular surfaces. Like those of the lower limb, the epiphyses of the upper limb present a typical vascular pattern consisting of three entries, with the exception however of the inferior extremity of the ulna.

Arm↗
PubMed1985

[Growth potential of vascularized epiphyseal bone transplants. Experimental and clinical study].

The objectives of this work were to evaluate, in the light of experimental results, the growth potential of vascularized fertile epiphyseal bone transplants transferred with their surrounding soft tissues in children. Thirty-one toe transfers were available for analysis from the series performed in Trousseau hospital (Paris). The results were reviewed with the unique goal of the study of growth. Transferred toes grow in an almost identical fashion to normal toes. The slightly diminished growth difference found was in accordance with experimental results. Criteria for determining the growth of these transfers must be very strict from a clinical as well as from a radiological point of view. The possibility of transfer of an isolated epiphyseal growth cartilage implies previous elaborate studies of the anatomy of epiphyseal vascularity as well as the physiology of intraosseous blood flow. Restoration of this potential for growth in children should be attempted as early as possible.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epiphyseal growth arrest lines. MR findings.

We present two cases in which MR exams revealed unusual, low signal intensity lines in the marrow space of epiphyses. These epiphyseal lines were smooth and regular, creating a bone-in-bone appearance. These lines were much more conspicuous on MR than on radiographs, partly because of adjacent alterations in trabecular architecture. A history of prolonged immobilization during childhood in both cases suggests that these lines represent growth arrest lines persisting in the epiphyses.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Biosynthesis and characterization of type X collagen in human fetal epiphyseal growth plate cartilage.

We examined in vitro collagen biosynthesis by organ cultures from human fetal epiphyseal growth plate cartilage. The biosynthetic products were characterized by NaCl fractional precipitation, limited proteolytic digestion, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. Organ cultures of human fetal epiphyseal growth plate cartilage synthesized large amounts of type X collagen in addition to type II, type IX, and type XI collagens. The individual polypeptide chains of human type X collagen migrated with an apparent M(r) of 45 kDa after proteolytic digestion with pepsin. The migration pattern of these molecules did not change when examined under reducing and nonreducing conditions, indicating that they did not contain intrahelical disfulfide bonds. Comparison of the rates at type X collagen biosynthesis at weeks 20 and 24 of human fetal development showed a marked increase of 24 weeks. Northern hybridization analysis of total RNA from freshly isolated epiphyseal growth plate chondrocytes with a cDNA corresponding to the carboxyl terminus of human type X collagen indicated that the developmental increase of type X collagen production is determined by pre-translational mechanisms.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Epiphyseal impaction as a cause of severe osteoarticular pain of lower limbs after renal transplantation.

A syndrome of severe osteoarticular pain of lower limbs occurring early after renal transplantation (TP) has been recently identified. We describe its prevalence, clinical presentation and outcome. Symptomatic patients have been studied with conventional X-rays, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and 99mTechnetium scintigrams of the painful areas. Among 86 patients transplanted over a two-year period, nine (4 men, 5 women; mean age of 40.4 years; range 32 to 59) developed unexplained severe spontaneous osteoarticular pain of lower limbs 19 to 105 (mean 58) days after TP. Pain affected hip(s), knee(s), and/or ankle(s). Clinical examination was usually unremarkable. Favorable outcome was the rule; mean duration of pain was 86 (range 19 to 175) days. Radiographs were abnormal (joint swelling, patchy osteoporosis and/or periosteal reactions) in 41%, MR (epiphyseal fatty marrow replacement by edema and/or hemorrhages) in 83%, and bone scans (one to several epiphyseal foci of increased uptake) in 81% of the symptomatic examined areas. Among joints re-examined 9 to 12 months after resolution of the symptoms, X-rays showed periosteal reactions in 31%, and the bone scans disclosed persistent increased uptake in 53% of the joints, whereas epiphyseal MR abnormalities had completely disappeared in 86%. There was no difference in dialysis duration, post-TP weight gain, evidence of hyperparathyroidism, and steroid and cyclosporine doses between symptomatic and an appropriately selected group of asymptomatic patients. By contrast, serum alkaline phosphatase levels were transiently higher (at the onset of symptoms) in the symptomatic group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Occult epiphyseal bone abscess: lessons for the unwary.

Two male children presented with increasing pain in the right knee and constitutional symptoms. Biochemical markers of inflammation were elevated. Plain radiography was reported as normal and bone scintigraphy was consistent with synovitis of the right knee in the first case. The second child underwent aspiration of the knee with drainage of turbid fluid 1 week after antibiotics. Slow response to therapy led to MRI and CT scanning in the second child, revealing an epiphyseal abscess. Review of the scintigraphic studies in the first child raised the possibility of osteomyelitis of the distal right femur. Further imaging was undertaken with MRI and CT scanning confirming an epiphyseal bone abscess. Failure of diagnosis of an epiphyseal bone abscess by combined plain radiography and scintigraphy has not previously been reported and provides a number of valuable lessons.

Abscess↗
PubMed1985

Effects of deflazacort and the L-6485 metabolite on epiphyseal cartilage carbohydrate metabolism: comparison with prednisone.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with 1 mg/100 g bw/day of prednisone, 1.25 mg/1--g bw/day of deflazacort, or its metabolite, for a period of 20 days. Epiphyseal cartilage slices were incubated in a modified Krebs Ringer bicarbonate buffer, at 37 degrees C for 60 min, with either 14C-1- or 14C-6-glucose to quantitate both the absolute and relative rates of pentose shunt versus aerobic and anaerobic glycolytic activity, respectively. Measurements of both total and radioactive glucose uptake, lactate production and 14CO2 generation were expressed as either mumoles or DPM/mg cellular DNA/hr, respectively. This study demonstrated: (1) chronic prednisone administration decreased anaerobic glycolysis (glucose uptake and lactate production) 3-fold (P less than 0.01); (2) prednisone on a chronic basis produced no measured alteration in either the pentose shunt or Kreb's cycle activity; (3) both deflazacort and the deflazacort metabolite significantly stimulated (P less than 0.02) anaerobic glycolytic activity in epiphyseal cartilage tissue. In contrast to prednisone, the administration of either deflazacort or its L-6485 metabolite did not inhibit the glycolytic pathway of metabolism so necessary for epiphyseal cartilage growth and mineralization.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1997

[Computerized tomography of the epiphyseal union of the medial clavicle: an auxiliary method of age determination during adolescence and the 3d decade of life?].

PURPOSE: To establish a reference population for the stages of epiphyseal union of the medical clavicle determined by CT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospectively, the thoracic CTs of patients under 30 years of age were reevaluated. Basic conditions were the lack of a bone development disorder and a sufficient assessment of the medial clavicle in a bone window setting. The stages of epiphyseal union were categorized as follows: Stage 1 refers to nonunion without ossification of the epiphysis, Stage 2 to nonunion with a separate and ossified epiphysis, Stage 3 to partial, and Stage 4 to complete union. RESULTS: Up to now, 279 individuals could be included in the study. Stage 1 was observed till age 16, Stage 2 occurred from ages 13 through 22, Stage 3 was found from ages 16 through 26. Stage 4 was first noted at age 22, and in 100% of the sample at age 27. CONCLUSIONS: CT is well suitable to determine the stages of epiphyseal union of the medial clavicle. It may become a generally accepted method of age identification during adolescence and the 3rd decade of life. The presented data serve as a reference population at least for white Europeans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Collagen fiber texture and injury pattern of the epiphyseal groove].

Injuries of the epiphyseal plate seem to follow the course of the collagenous fibres in the epiphyseal plate. Studies using polarized light and scanning electron microscopy show the relationship between the collagenous fibres and the direction of fractures of the epiphyseal plates.

Child↗
PubMed2001

Effects of estrogen on growth plate senescence and epiphyseal fusion.

Estrogen is critical for epiphyseal fusion in both young men and women. In this study, we explored the cellular mechanisms by which estrogen causes this phenomenon. Juvenile ovariectomized female rabbits received either 70 microg/kg estradiol cypionate or vehicle i.m. once a week. Growth plates from the proximal tibia, distal tibia, and distal femur were analyzed after 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks of treatment. In vehicle-treated animals, there was a gradual senescent decline in tibial growth rate, rate of chondrocyte proliferation, growth plate height, number of proliferative chondrocytes, number of hypertrophic chondrocytes, size of terminal hypertrophic chondrocytes, and column density. Estrogen treatment accelerated the senescent decline in all of these parameters. In senescent growth plates, epiphyseal fusion was observed to be an abrupt event in which all remaining chondrocytes were rapidly replaced by bone elements. Fusion occurred when the rate of chondrocyte proliferation approached zero. Estrogen caused this proliferative exhaustion and fusion to occur earlier. Our data suggest that (i) epiphyseal fusion is triggered when the proliferative potential of growth plate chondrocytes is exhausted; and (ii) estrogen does not induce growth plate ossification directly; instead, estrogen accelerates the programmed senescence of the growth plate, thus causing earlier proliferative exhaustion and consequently earlier fusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Epiphyseal plate development in the zinc-deficient rat.

The effect of zinc deficiency on shearing strength, histological changes and proline utilization of the epiphyseal plate of the tibia of the weanling male rat was studied. A diet was fed based on sprayed egg white and containing less than 2 mg of zinc per kilogram. Over 27 day, the force required to displace the epiphysis of the zinc-deficient (ZD) rats was always less than that required for pair-fed (PF) controls. After 18 days, approximately 15% more force was required to displace the epiphysis of the PF rats than was required in the ZD rats. The thickness of the outside compact bone next to the epiphyseal plate region as determined by scanning electron microscopy was thicker in the ZD rats than in the PF controls of comparable age. The epiphyseal plates narrowed as the rats aged, and were clearly discernible in PF controls but not in ZD rats. The incorporation of L-[U-14C]proline into the epiphysis was significantly less in rats deprived of zinc for 16-22 days than in PF controls.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Methylprednisolone enhances contraction of porcine femoral head epiphyseal arteries.

The pathomechanism of steroid-induced femoral head necrosis is thought to be disturbed femoral head blood flow. We hypothesize that methylprednisolone increases vasocontraction of femoral head epiphyseal arteries, thereby reducing femoral head blood flow. Nine immature female domestic pigs were randomly selected from a group of 18 to receive 24-hour methylprednisolone treatment, whereas the nine remaining pigs received the placebo control in a blinded fashion. After sacrifice, lateral epiphyseal artery segments from the femoral heads were mounted as ring preparations on a small vessel myograph. Isometric active tension was measured in relation to cumulating doses of the vasoconstrictors noradrenaline and endothelin-1, and the vasodilator bradykinin. Vasocontraction to noradrenaline was not altered by methylprednisolone. Bradykinin elicited a concentration-dependent vasodilation which was lower in the corticosteroid-treated vessels. Vasoconstriction to endothelin-1 was stronger in the corticosteroid-treated vessels. Our data indicate that methylprednisolone enhances contraction of femoral head lateral epiphyseal arteries and may decrease femoral head blood flow. To our knowledge, this pathomechanic factor in femoral head necrosis has not been described before.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The effects of ethylene-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate on cellular transformation and organic matrix of the epiphyseal growth plate of the rat--a light microscopic and ultrastructural study.

Ethylene-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate (EHDP) was administered intraperitoneally to one-day-old rats. In the first experiment, each animal was given 4 injections of EHDP distributed over two consecutive days and corresponding to a total amount of EHDP of 100 mg/kg bwt/day. The animals were sacrificed 12 hours after the last injection. In the second experiment, each animal was given 3 injections, each containing 50 mg of EHDP/kg bwt, with an interval of 6 hours and were thereafter left to survive for 4 days. Animals in the first experiment showed in comparison to normal controls an increased width of the hypertrophic zone; lack of calcified septa within the zone of provisional calcification; persistent atypical chondrocytes in the calcification zone and a large number of matrix vesicles lacking in crystals. The ground substance showed an accumulation of fine precipitates apparently representing undegraded aggregates of proteoglycan macromolecules. Animals in the second experiment formed a new apparently normal epiphyseal growth plate, while the "old" epiphyseal cartilage formed under the influence of EHDP remained largely unresorbed within the metaphysis. Besides the previously described inhibitory effects of diphosphonates on the crystallization of matrix vesicles and the growth of hydroxyapatite crystals, EHDP, at the doses used, was found to have a profound inhibitory effect on the differentiation and migration of the epiphyseal chondrocytes as well as on the degradation of proteoglycan macromolecules. The observed inhibition of vascular invasion appears to be related to inhibition of enzyme degradation of the ground substance, as evidenced by the observation of extracellular lysosomelike bodies in the erosion zone.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Slipped epiphyses in renal osteodystrophy.

Clinical, biochemical, roentgenological, and histological features of slipped epiphyses (epiphysiolysis) in 11 out of 112 children with renal osteodystrophy have been analysed. Characteristic age-related patterns of involvement of different epiphyses are described. Quantitative measurements of iliac bone histology, serum parathyroid hormone levels, and clinical history show the presence of more advanced osteitis fibrosa in children with epiphysiolysis than in those without. A good correlation was found between serum parathormone levels and osteoclastic resorption, endosteal fibrosis as well as osteoid. Histological studies show that the radiolucent zone between the epiphyseal ossification centre and the metaphysis in x-rays is not caused by accumulation of cartilage and chondro-osteoid (as usually found in vitamin D deficiency rickets) but by the accumulation of woven bone and/or fibrous tissue. The response to vitamin D therapy in most cases was good. Parathyroidectomy was required in only one case.

Adolescent↗