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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Psychosocial and health correlates of types of traumatic event exposures among U.S. military personnel.

The prevalence of lifetime exposure to violence, natural disaster, or major accidents involving injuries or fatalities was examined in the largest population-based epidemiologic survey of U.S. military personnel to date. The psychosocial and health effects of types of exposure experience (witness only, victim/survivor, relief worker), gender differences, and social support were also evaluated. Over 15,000 active duty U.S. military personnel from stratified random samples of active duty U.S. personnel from all services responded to either mail questionnaires and/or worksite surveys. The lifetime exposure to one or more traumatic events was 65%; the most prevalent trauma for men was witnessing a major accident, and for women, witnessing a natural disaster. Victims of any traumatic event were at twice the risk of having two or more physical and mental health problems than nonexposed controls. Health outcomes of trauma exposure vary by type of traumatic event: type of exposure experience, rank, and gender.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Understanding relationships among trauma, post-tramatic stress disorder, and health outcomes.

Since Selye first published his classic work, The Stress of Life, a great deal of research has investigated the relationship between stress and physical health. Most of this research has focused on stressors such as divorce, bereavement, and job loss, but some has examined the health effects associated with extreme stressors, including war, sexual victimization, disasters, and serious accidents. The evidence presented here shows that poor physical health should be recognized, along with mental health problems and impaired psychosocial functioning, as an outcome of traumatic exposure. PTSD and other clinically significant distress reactions are a key step in triggering the processes through which exposure affects health. These processes involve psychological, biological, behavioral, and attentional mechanisms that interact to strain the body's ability to adapt, thereby increasing the likelihood of disease and illness behavior. However, by addressing the physical health consequences of traumatic exposure in treatment and treatment systems, the burden on individuals and society may be reduced.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Radiosensitivity and postradiation kinetics of megakaryocyte release of the bone marrow (analysis based on data of the Chernobyl AES accident sequelae)].

The radiosensitivity of cellular elements of megakaryocytic spring in accordance of their maturity has been evaluated on the basis of analysis of changes in thrombocyte level in peripheral blood of the Chernobyl disaster victims. The radiosensitivity of committed cellular elements of megakaryocytic spring by the criterion D0 is presumably 1.6-1.7 Gy(n = 1). More mature polyploid cells (megakaryoblasts, megakaryocytes) apparently are "absolutely" radioresistant and within the analysed range of doses (0.1-13.7 Gy) their function of thrombocyte producing remains intact. It has been proved that the rate of thrombocyte escape from peripheral blood rises with the acute radiation disease under going in the comparison with the norm that seriously affects the lifetime of thrombocytes. The transit time of megakaryocyte starting from primarily committed cell and ending with a cellular element, producing thrombocytes, is not a constant value. The normal transit time is approximately 28 days.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1985

Triage success in disasters: dynamic victim-tracking cards.

A dynamic victim-tracking card developed for use in community or hospital disaster exercises was tested during two hospital and two airport disaster drills. Use of the card in 375 "patients" allowed testing of the ability to evaluate the decisions of triage, the early medical intervention for "victims," and the ongoing treatment of patients with a changing medical status. The card was successful in simulating realistic changes that may occur in critically ill and injured patients. Of the 126 "patients" evaluated in an actual exercise, 55 (43.6%) were placed in the proper triage category. Four patients "died" as a result of poor initial evaluation and treatment. Medical decisions during hospital and community disaster exercises can be more realistically tested and more accurately documented with the use of the dynamic victim-tracking card.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1993

Burn victims after a major disaster: reactions of patients and their care-givers.

There have been considerable advances in the physical management of burns, and there is a greater awareness of their psychological impact. However, much less attention has been given to the staff who have to deal with burn victims. Disasters are critical incidents which offer a magnified opportunity to appreciate with what care-givers have to cope and how they do so. This paper identifies how complex are the psychological and emotional reactions associated with burn care, and it advocates that more should be done, by means of debriefing, to cater for the needs of staff after critical incidents.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1990

[Aviation support of measures for rendering medical care to the victims of natural disasters, accidents and catastrophes].

The unpredictable character of natural calamities and technological accidents makes some specific demands on the organization and planning of the wide range complex of social measures to abolish their awful and tragic consequences. Analysing and summarizing the reviews and reports of international congresses on the emergency and catastrophic medicine and their own experience, the authors accentuate attention on the advantages and capabilities of aerial transport in delivering of medical personnel, all necessary equipment to the zones of mass sanitary losses and its really essential role in rapid aeromedical evacuation of injured. The authors scrutinize in details the structural scheme of organization of patient's search-and-rescue work and suggest, that main principles of planning and management of search-and-rescue operations in aviation could be applied in a decision of problems, which arise in medical assistance to the victims of the natural disasters and accidents.

Accidents↗